Objective: To research the usability of the purpose-in-life test (PIL) for Chinese university students and evaluate the test’s reliability and validity. Methods: 1171 University students were measured by PIL, SCL-90 and Index of Well-being, and 140 University students were retested by PIL. Results: PIL had four factors (life feeling, life goal, life attitude and self-control) which were extracted by factor analysis. The split half reliability was 0.786, the Cronbach ?-co-efficient of PIL and the four factors were 0.878, 0.860, 0.809, 0.270, 0.406 respectively. The test-retest reliability were 0.837,0.849,0.630,0.314,0.728. The scores of Index of Well-being, the total scores of SCL-90 and the factor of depression were used as external criterion;the criterion correlation coefficient were 0.769,-0.504,-0.560 respectively. The correlations between the criterion and the four factors were significant (r=-0.240～0.787, P

Objective To explore the moderating or mediating effects of life-meaning between optimism and suicide risk in undergraduates.Methods A total of 1310 college students from one Chinese university completed a survey that included Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R),the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and the Chinese meaning in life questionnaire (C-MLQ).Results The total scores of SBQ-R,LOT-R and C-MLQ of undergraduate were (5.04 ± 2.28),(11.22 ± 2.07) and (37.22 ± 5.22),respectively.Optimism had significant negative correlation with suicide risk (r =-0.22,P ＜ 0.01),and positive correlation with life-meaning (r=0.28,P＜0.01).Life-meaning had significant negative correlation with suicide risk (r=-0.18,P＜0.01).The life-meaning's moderating effects between optimism and suicide risk were not significant(P ＞ 0.05),while the relationship between optimism and suicide risk was mediated by life-meaning,and the mediating effect was 0.07,which accounted for 17％ of the total effects.Conclusion Life-meaning doesnt morderating effect,but partially mediates the relationship between optimism and suicide risk.

Objective:To explore whether implicit priming of self-awareness can prevent self-control depletion.Methods:Totally 60 college students volunteers were recruited,and were allocated pseudo-randomly and equally into the control group,the non-self-awareness priming group,and the self-awareness priming group,20 volunteers in each group.The scrambled sentence task was applied in implicit priming,the mental calculation task was used to induce self-control depletion indexed by task difficulty,the impulse to write down the intermediate answers,the number of response items and correct items,the handgrip test was used to measure self-control performance,and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used to measure affect.The self-control depletion,the handgrip time and the PANAS scores were compared among three groups.Results:There was no significant difference in task difficulty score,impulse score,the number of response items and correct items among the three groups (Ps ＞0.05).The group differences of the change of positive and negative affect before and after depletion were also not significant (Ps ＞0.05).After controlling the effect of the first handgrip time before depletion,the difference of the handgrip time after depletion between the control group and the non-self-awareness priming group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).However,the handgrip time in the controI group and in the non-self-awareness group were both shorter than that in the self-awareness priming group [(69.2 ± 3.6) s,(71.1 ± 3.6) s vs.(81.9 ± 3.6) s,Ps ＜0.05].Conclusions:It suggests that implicit priming of self-awareness might hold promise in preventing self-control depletion.

Objective To explore the impact of short-term meditation on ego-depletion in college students.Methods Sixty college students without any meditation and mental calculation experience were recruited voluntarily,and were allocated randomly and equally into three groups: the control group,the rest group,and the meditation group(n=20 in each group).Participants completed the positive affect and negative affect scale and the first handgrip test.A difficult mental calculation task was used to induce ego depletion.After that,the control group performed the second handgrip test immediately,and the rest group had a 5-min break,while the meditation group had a 5-min meditation practice following a meditation audio.Participants then reported the task difficulty and the impulse to write down intermediate answers during the mental calculation task.They also finished the positive and negative affect scale again.The task difficulty and impulse scores,the number of response items and correct items,the change of the handgrip time and the mood between pretest and posttest were compared among three groups.Results There were no differences in the task difficulty score,the impulse score,the number of response items and correct items among the three groups (all P>0.05).The handgrip time was shorter in posttest ((71.91±24.58) s) than in pretest ((91.39±37.63) s) in the control group (P<0.05).The handgrip time was also shorter in posttest ((81.75±25.77) s) than in pretest ((97.88±33.77) s) in the rest group (P<0.05).However,the difference between the handgrip time in posttest ((82.21±34.63) s) and in pretest ((83.11±42.45) s) was not significant in the meditation group (P>0.05).There were no differences in the change of positive and negative affect between pretest and posttest (all P>0.05).Conclusions hort-term meditation buffers ego depletion in college students,which cannot be attributed to affect.

Objective To explore the relationship among clinicians' work pressure,perceived social support and compassion fatigue,and to provide a new prospective for the localization studying of intervention and treatment to compassion fatigue.Methods Data of scale for occupational stressors on clinician,perceived social support scale and professional quality of life scale were collected from a sample of 533 clinicians and analyzed with structural equation modeling to study the relationship among clinicians' work pressure,perceived social support and compassion fatigue.Results (1)Work pressure(2.40±0.45),burnout (2.14±0.54) and secondary traumatic stress(1.93±0.60) scores of the clinicians with high perceived social support were significantly lower than that of the clinicians with low perceived social support (2.78±3.67,2.73± 0.59,2.32±0.71;t=7.68,-9.44,8.77,5.07;P＜0.01).Compassion satisfaction scores (4.15±0.63) of the clinicians with high perceived social support were significantly higher than that of the clinicians with low perceived social support (3.40±0.71,t =-9.44,P＜0.01).(2) According to relevant results,work pressure was significantly negative correlation with both perceived social support (r=-0.34,P＜0.01) and compassion satisfaction (r=-0.44,P＜0.01),and significantly positive correlation with both burnout (r=0.69,P＜0.01) and secondary traumatic stress(r=0.53,P＜0.01);while perceived social support was significantly positive correlation with compassion satisfaction (r=0.42,P＜0.01),and significantly negative correlation with burnout (r=-0.40,P＜0.01) and secondary traumatic stress(r=-0.26,P＜0.01).(3) According to the results of structural equation modeling,perceived social support played a partly mediating role in the effect of work pressure toward compassion satisfaction and fatigue with the intermediary effect of 55.4％ and 12.5％.Conclusion Perceived social support plays a mediation role between work pressure and compassion fatigue for clinicians,and better social support of the clinician is beneficial to clinicians mental health level.

Objective To explore the mediating role of self-esteem in optimism and suicidal risks,and the moderate effect of life events in optimism,suicidal risk and self-esteem.Methods 1 750 college students were surveyed with the life orientation test-revised (LOT-R),the suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R),rosenberg self-esteem scale(SES) and adolescent self-rating life events check list (ASLEC).Results The total scores of SBQ-R,LOT-R,SES and ASLEC of college students were (4.78±2.10),(23.17±3.22),(29.58±4.43)and (36.54±21.73).Optimism scores were negatively correlated with suicidal risk scores(r=-0.23,P＜0.01),optimism scores were positively correlated with self-esteem (r=0.50,P＜0.01).Scores of self-esteem scales were negatively correlated with suicidal risk scores(r=-0.35,P＜0.01).A structure equation model consists of optimism,self-esteem,suicidal risk and it had a better degree of fitting (the path form optimism to suicidal risk were r =-0.05,P＜0.05,RMSEA =0.05,GFI =0.90,NFI =0.92,CFI =0.93).The relationship between optimism and suicide risk were mediated by self-esteem(P＜0.01),which accounted for 76％of the total effects.The life events' moderating effects between self-esteem and suicide risk were significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion Self-esteem has a significant correlation with optimism and suicidal behaviors,self-esteem plays an intermediary role between optimism and suicidal behaviors,and life events play an regulation role between self-esteem and suicidal behaviors.

Objective To study the MR imaging characteristics of benign cerebellar astrocytomas(BCAs) in children. Methods The clinical and MR imaging data of twelve patients with BCAs were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 12 tumors, 7 cases were located in the cerebellar hemisphere, 4 in the vermis, and 1 in the IV ventricle. All children were in company with hydrocephalus rated as extensive (n=9) or moderate (n=3). The tumors ranged in diameter from 23 mm to 68 mm, mean diameter 42 mm. Solid tumors were found in 5 children, and cystic areas occurred in 7 of 12 patients.BCAs were hypointense on T 1-weighted in 10 cases, and hyperintense on T 2WI in 9 cases compared with that of normal brain parenchyma. After contrast injection, BCAs marked (n=2), moderate (n=5), or absent (n=5) enhancement. Hemorrhage and calcification were not common (n=1,0, respectively).Conclusion BCAs has relative characteristic features on MRI in children, and MRI plays an important role in diagnosing and evaluating these tumors preoperatively.

Objective To study the relationship between social support and subjective well-being(SWB) of labor workers.Methods 1038 labor workers in Shenzhen were evaluated by subjective well-being scale for Chinese citizen (SWBS-CC), social support rating scale ( SSRS ).Results There was no significant difference in SWB between male and female( ( 63.51 ± 11.03 ) vs ( 63.22 ± 12.02 ), t = 0.389, P ＞ 0.05 ).The 30 ～ 49 age group's score was significantly higher than the 16 ～29 age group's( (62.80 ± 11.80) vs (64.54 ± 11.28), t=2.21, P ＜ 0.05 ).The married group's score was significantly higher than the unmarried group's ( (62.50 ± 12.18)vs (64.27 ± 10.80 ), t= 2.44, P ＜ 0.05 ).Social support was significant positively correlative with subjective well-being ( r=0.075 ～0.391, P＜0.05), except support availability was not correlative with both subscales.Subjective support, support availability and objective support were significantly positive predictions of SWB, meanwhile subjective support was the biggest( β =0.297).Conclusion Subjective well-being of the labor workers in Shenzhen have significant relationship with age and social support.To increase the emotional support for the labor workers could possibly help to improve their subjective well-being.

OBJECTIVETo explore the incidence of suicide exposure and its association with suicide risk in Chinese college students, and study the modulatory effects of suicide exposure on the relations between life events and suicide risks.

METHODSA total of 8202 college students from 12 Chinese colleges and universities in mainland China completed a cross-sectional survey that included suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), suicide exposure questionnaire, social and demographic characteristics questionnaire.

RESULTSThe incidence of exposure to suicide events involving close relatives and acquaintances were 3.9% and 11.8% among sampled Chinese college students, respectively. Students exposed to suicide events involving close relatives had significantly higher total SBQ-R scores than those who did not (5.51∓2.44 vs 4.68∓2.11, P<0.01), and suicide events of acquaintances were also associated with significantly increased total SBQ-R scores (5.51∓2.44 vs 4.68∓2.11, P<0.01); these suicides events all contributed to significantly increased rates of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts in the college students (P<0.05). The life events showed a significant positive correlation with suicide risks (0.11≤r≤0.26, P<0.01). The interactions of exposure to suicide events involving close relatives and acquaintances and the interactions of life events and suicide of close relatives for suicide risk were not significant (P>0.05), but exposure to acquaintance suicide events moderated the effects of life events on suicide risk (P<0.01), and the college students with a high level of life events and history of acquaintance suicide had the highest risk for suicide.

CONCLUSIONIn Chinese college students, the risk of suicide is closely associated with exposure to suicide events and life events, and exposure to suicide events involving acquaintances can modulate the effects of life events on suicide risk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Students ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the role of mindfullness in the negative life events,depression,and poor sleep quality.Methods Using five facet mindfullness questionnaire(FFMQ),adolescents self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to investigate 2 792 freshmen in a medical university in Guangzhou.Results The FFMQ score (126.02±12.14) was negatively correlated with ASLEC score(23.93±19.81),SDS score(35.89±7.31) and PSQI score (3.45±2.13) (r=-0.17,r=-0.44,r=-0.26,P＜0.01).The boys in the aspects of " mindfullnessinaction" scored significantly higher than that of girls (21.20 ± 3.36,20.52±2.88,P＜0.01).The girls scored significantly higher than boys in the PSQI,SDS (3.58±2.15,3.21 ±2.08,P＜0.05;36.22±7.26,35.27±7.35,P＜0.01).Mindfullness and sleep quality showed a chain-mediated effect between negative life events and depression,and the model fitting was good (RMSEA =0.048,CFI =0.962,TLI =0.943).The total mediating effect size was 61.41％.The mediating path through mindfullness,with the effect size of 16.71％,and the chain-mediating effect was 8.94％.Conclusion The higher the level of mindfullness,the lower the individual's depression score and the better the quality of sleep.Mindfullness and the sleep quality play a role of chain-mediating effect between negative life events and depression.