Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes. Purified flammulin emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits. After several immune enhancements, these animals were bled and sera were separated. Antiserum against flammulin in Western blots were applied to determine if flammulin be present in the liquid state culture or fruiting body. The result showed that anti-flammulin serum could recognize the aqueous extract of fruiting body in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, no flammulin was detected in mycelia of Flammulina Velutipes.

Submerged fermentation parameters for the chromium-rich mycel ia of Coprinus comatus was studied in optimal medium. According to the yield of organic Cr, the optimal fermentation parameters were obtained as follows: the amount of CrCl_3 6H_2O in medium was 200mg/L; the inoculation volume was 8%~10%; the aeration ratio was 80:250 (medium volume: flask volume); the cul tural period was 5 days at 26℃ and at 100r/min. The highest yield of organic C r in mycelia of Coprinus comatus was 1597.88?g/100mL and the enrichment ra te of Cr was about 9.09%.

This research use "3414" fertilizer effect experiments to handle zinc, boron and molybdenum trace element fertilizer, determined the dry matter accumulation and content of saikosaponion a and d, to investigate the different ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum on yield and saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d contents of Bupleurum chinense. Found The suitable ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum play an active role on dry matter accumulation and distribution, the treatment Zn2B2Mo3 is the best one to promote the dry matter accumulation and transfer to the underground part; in a certain range, only use zinc or molybdenum can promote the yield of B. chinense, the yield of treatment Zn2B2Mo1 is the highest one. According to the results of regression analysis: in accordance with Zn 48.45 g x hm(-2), B 355.05 g x hm(-2), Mo 86.40 g x hm(-2), can obtain the yield with 3313.05 kg x hm(-2); the treatment Zn2BMo2 is most effective to promote the total saikosaponin a and d accumulated, according to the results of regression analysis: in accordance with Zn 36.15 g x hm(-2), B 343.05 g x hm(-2), Mo 106.35 g x hm(-2), the content of total saikosaponin a and d can reach 1.23%. This research first discovered the suitable ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum can promote the yield and saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d contents on B. chinense.
Boron ; metabolism ; Bupleurum ; metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Molybdenum ; metabolism ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; metabolism ; Zinc ; metabolism

In order to select high quality and suitable Bupleuri Radix varieties in Qingchuan, and establish a new comprehensive method to evaluation the quality of Bupleuri Radix, 12 characters of 14 samples were evaluated by DTOPSIS and grey related degree. The results showed that varieties No. 8 and No. 10 had high quality. DTOPSIS and grey related degree gave the uniformity result, and the biggest difference of value of Ci in DTOPSIS method was 46. 33% , but the biggest difference of the weighting correlation number( r (i)) in grey related degree was only 13.10%. The DTOPSIS combined with grey related degree can evaluate the quality of Bupleuri Radix comprehensively and objectively.
Bupleurum ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; supply & distribution ; Quality Control ; Statistics as Topic ; methods

Objective To research the curative effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine on Kashin-Beck disease(KBD). Methods According to Diagnosis for Kashin-Beck disease,80 patients of adult KBD were detected from Guanghui village Shangzhi city Heilongjiang province in July,2007,and they divided into treatment group and control group according to their condition,age and sex,40 person in each group. Treatment group was given chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate,and control group was given placebo(equivalent amount of starch). Bilateral knees X-ray films were shot before and after treatment (8th month),scale division magnifying glass was used to measure the width of joint space on X-ray films. Results The width of joint space respectively was (4.30±2.14) and (4.10±2.07)mm in control group before and after treatment,and treatment group respectively was (4.17±2.15),(4.16±2.11)mm. Medicine had no obviously role on joint space (F = 0.50,P > 0.05),Time and both of time and medicine had obvious role on joint space(F= 67.66,46.74,all P< 0.05). Joint space of treat group was thinner than control group(P < 0.05) before treatment,but thicker after treatment(P < 0.05). To compare with the width of before treatment,joint space width of control group became obviously narrow(P < 0.05). Conclusions Experimental group taking chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate alleviated knee joint space narrowing process of adults KBD patients compared with control group. It plays a protection role in articular cartilage and provides evidences for choosing drug and evaluating effect in the treatment of adults KBD.

Ten compounds were isolated from the leaf of Eucommia ulmoides by means of recrystallization and chromatographic techniques such as D-101 macroporous resin, MCI resin, ODS gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Rp-HPLC. Their structures were identified by NMR spectral analyses as kaempferide 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-xylosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucoside (5), (2S,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (6) ,4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (7), (+)-cycloolivil (8), pinoresinol beta-D-glucoside (9), squalene (10). Among them compounds 1,5-7,10 were isolated from the Eucommia genus for the first time. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, compound 2 exhibited significant activity (IC50 13.7 micromol x L(-1)), compared with vitamin C (IC50 59.9 micromol x L(-1)); compounds 1, 3 and 9 showed moderate activity (IC50 161,137, 214 micromol x L(-1)), compared with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (IC50 236 micromol x L(-1)); compound 4 and 6 showed weak activity (IC50 264, 299 micromol x L(-1)).
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effects of 2-(4-di(2-chlo-roethyl) aminobutylamino)-1H-benz-[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione( XHH) , a novel nitrogen mustard derivative, on the growth and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro.Methods Cell pro-liferative effect was assessed by MTT assay.Changes of morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) were assessed by AnnexinV-FITC/Hoechst33342 , PI/Hoecsht33342 and Rh123/Hoechst33342 double staining using high content screening ( HCS ) .The expression of caspase-3 , caspase-9 , Bcl-2 , Bax was assessed by immunofluores-cence method using HCS. Results The results indicated that XHH could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, induce apoptosis, lose MMP, up-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, increase the expression of caspase-3 , caspase-9.Conclusion XHH could inhibit proliferative of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and induce cell apoptosis via mitochon-drial pathway.

BACKGROUNDTo compare the biological characteristics of West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), including cells sensitivity, pathogenicity, viral morphology, as well as the results of immunological and molecular biological detection.

METHODSCytopathic effect (CPE) and pathogenicity were observed in C6/36 cells and in suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally with the WNV or JEV, respectively. The sliced tissue samples for electron microscopic examination were prepared for the morphologic observation of the viruses. Serum antibody to WNV or JEV was detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and the viral RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR method.

RESULTSWNV or JEV-caused CPE was characterized by cell fusion and cell shedding, respectively. There was no significant difference in the pathogenicity to suckling mice between WNV and JEV. The morphologic observation showed that the shape and size of the two virions were similar. WNV and JEV were found to have antigenic cross-reactivity. The viral RNA could be detected from both WNV and JEV samples with universal primer set, but only nucleoside fragments of corresponding virus could be amplified when specific primers were used.

CONCLUSIONCPE in C6/36 cell and detection of the viral RNA should be useful in discrimination of WNV and JEV, and simultaneously examining the titers of serum antibodies against WNV and JEV may be helpful to diagnosis of infection with these agents.

Animals ; Brain ; virology ; Cell Line ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; virology ; Flavivirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; West Nile virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the traumatic conditions of Longnan area of Gansu in Wenchuan earthquake, and to explore the measures coping with unexpected disasters.

METHODSA sample survey including questionnaire survey, interviews and other methods was adopted to investigate the conditions of affected population of Longnan area in earthquake, especially on the traumatic conditions, the injured causes, treatment methods.

RESULTSIn the sample survey of a total of 1652 earthquake casualties, the dead were 16 and the patients with extremities fractures were 750 (45.4%). Organized and timely rescue of the wounded could reduce the complications and the mortality .

CONCLUSIONStrengthening the prevention and treatment of earthquake trauma can effectively decrease the death rate and disabled rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Data Collection ; Disasters ; statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Wounds and Injuries ; mortality ; psychology ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo provide evidence for more accurate diagnosis of birth defects based on the pathoanatomy of congenital malformations.

METHODSData used in this study were obtained from Luliang City Hospital and three county hospitals of Shanxi province between February 2004 and March 2006. Autopsy and pathological examination of 160 dead fetuses and stillbirths were performed. Photos of dead fetuses and stillbirths were taken, tissues were cut into sections for pathological examination under microscope, all pathological information was recorded, and percentage of birth defects was calculated.

RESULTSThe proportion of dead fetuses and stillbirths with or without congenital malformations was 84.4% (135/160) and 15.6% (25/160), respectively. There were 16 categories of major external and internal birth defects in 135 cases of such defects. Congenital heart defects, anencephaly and spina bifida had a higher prevalence rate in the study period. The prevalence rate of non-malformation death and birth defects < 28 gestational weeks and internal anomalies > or = 28 gestational weeks was 14.61% (61/4175) and 17.25% (72/4175), respectively. A total of 413 in situ anomalies were found in 135 cases of autopsy. Spina bifida, anencephaly, congenital heart defects, aplasia or accessory lobe of lung, renal agenesis and dysplasis and congenital hydrocephaly were more closely associated with severe malformations than with mitis malformations. The cases of dead fetuses and stillbirths with multiple malformations (> or = 2 in situ anomalies) had a higher proportion (74.1%), whereas those with isolated malformations had a lower proportion (25.93%).

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of congenital malformations in different embryonic developmental stages affects multiple organs. Postmortem examination of internal and multiple malformations of fetal deaths and stillbirths can provide more accurate diagnostic information for birth defects.

Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Pregnancy ; Stillbirth