Flammulin, an anti-tumor protein, was purified from the aqueous extract of basidiomes of Flammulina Velutipes. Purified flammulin emulsified with Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into New Zealand white rabbits. After several immune enhancements, these animals were bled and sera were separated. Antiserum against flammulin in Western blots were applied to determine if flammulin be present in the liquid state culture or fruiting body. The result showed that anti-flammulin serum could recognize the aqueous extract of fruiting body in SDS-PAGE gels under the reducing conditions, no flammulin was detected in mycelia of Flammulina Velutipes.

Submerged fermentation parameters for the chromium-rich mycel ia of Coprinus comatus was studied in optimal medium. According to the yield of organic Cr, the optimal fermentation parameters were obtained as follows: the amount of CrCl_3 6H_2O in medium was 200mg/L; the inoculation volume was 8%~10%; the aeration ratio was 80:250 (medium volume: flask volume); the cul tural period was 5 days at 26℃ and at 100r/min. The highest yield of organic C r in mycelia of Coprinus comatus was 1597.88?g/100mL and the enrichment ra te of Cr was about 9.09%.

In order to select high quality and suitable Bupleuri Radix varieties in Qingchuan, and establish a new comprehensive method to evaluation the quality of Bupleuri Radix, 12 characters of 14 samples were evaluated by DTOPSIS and grey related degree. The results showed that varieties No. 8 and No. 10 had high quality. DTOPSIS and grey related degree gave the uniformity result, and the biggest difference of value of Ci in DTOPSIS method was 46. 33% , but the biggest difference of the weighting correlation number( r (i)) in grey related degree was only 13.10%. The DTOPSIS combined with grey related degree can evaluate the quality of Bupleuri Radix comprehensively and objectively.
Bupleurum ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; supply & distribution ; Quality Control ; Statistics as Topic ; methods

This research use "3414" fertilizer effect experiments to handle zinc, boron and molybdenum trace element fertilizer, determined the dry matter accumulation and content of saikosaponion a and d, to investigate the different ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum on yield and saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d contents of Bupleurum chinense. Found The suitable ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum play an active role on dry matter accumulation and distribution, the treatment Zn2B2Mo3 is the best one to promote the dry matter accumulation and transfer to the underground part; in a certain range, only use zinc or molybdenum can promote the yield of B. chinense, the yield of treatment Zn2B2Mo1 is the highest one. According to the results of regression analysis: in accordance with Zn 48.45 g x hm(-2), B 355.05 g x hm(-2), Mo 86.40 g x hm(-2), can obtain the yield with 3313.05 kg x hm(-2); the treatment Zn2BMo2 is most effective to promote the total saikosaponin a and d accumulated, according to the results of regression analysis: in accordance with Zn 36.15 g x hm(-2), B 343.05 g x hm(-2), Mo 106.35 g x hm(-2), the content of total saikosaponin a and d can reach 1.23%. This research first discovered the suitable ratio of zinc, boron and molybdenum can promote the yield and saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d contents on B. chinense.
Boron ; metabolism ; Bupleurum ; metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Molybdenum ; metabolism ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; metabolism ; Zinc ; metabolism

Objective To research the curative effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine on Kashin-Beck disease(KBD). Methods According to Diagnosis for Kashin-Beck disease,80 patients of adult KBD were detected from Guanghui village Shangzhi city Heilongjiang province in July,2007,and they divided into treatment group and control group according to their condition,age and sex,40 person in each group. Treatment group was given chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate,and control group was given placebo(equivalent amount of starch). Bilateral knees X-ray films were shot before and after treatment (8th month),scale division magnifying glass was used to measure the width of joint space on X-ray films. Results The width of joint space respectively was (4.30±2.14) and (4.10±2.07)mm in control group before and after treatment,and treatment group respectively was (4.17±2.15),(4.16±2.11)mm. Medicine had no obviously role on joint space (F = 0.50,P > 0.05),Time and both of time and medicine had obvious role on joint space(F= 67.66,46.74,all P< 0.05). Joint space of treat group was thinner than control group(P < 0.05) before treatment,but thicker after treatment(P < 0.05). To compare with the width of before treatment,joint space width of control group became obviously narrow(P < 0.05). Conclusions Experimental group taking chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate alleviated knee joint space narrowing process of adults KBD patients compared with control group. It plays a protection role in articular cartilage and provides evidences for choosing drug and evaluating effect in the treatment of adults KBD.

Ten compounds were isolated from the leaf of Eucommia ulmoides by means of recrystallization and chromatographic techniques such as D-101 macroporous resin, MCI resin, ODS gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Rp-HPLC. Their structures were identified by NMR spectral analyses as kaempferide 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-xylosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucoside (5), (2S,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (6) ,4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (7), (+)-cycloolivil (8), pinoresinol beta-D-glucoside (9), squalene (10). Among them compounds 1,5-7,10 were isolated from the Eucommia genus for the first time. In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, compound 2 exhibited significant activity (IC50 13.7 micromol x L(-1)), compared with vitamin C (IC50 59.9 micromol x L(-1)); compounds 1, 3 and 9 showed moderate activity (IC50 161,137, 214 micromol x L(-1)), compared with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (IC50 236 micromol x L(-1)); compound 4 and 6 showed weak activity (IC50 264, 299 micromol x L(-1)).
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the traumatic conditions of Longnan area of Gansu in Wenchuan earthquake, and to explore the measures coping with unexpected disasters.

METHODSA sample survey including questionnaire survey, interviews and other methods was adopted to investigate the conditions of affected population of Longnan area in earthquake, especially on the traumatic conditions, the injured causes, treatment methods.

RESULTSIn the sample survey of a total of 1652 earthquake casualties, the dead were 16 and the patients with extremities fractures were 750 (45.4%). Organized and timely rescue of the wounded could reduce the complications and the mortality .

CONCLUSIONStrengthening the prevention and treatment of earthquake trauma can effectively decrease the death rate and disabled rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Data Collection ; Disasters ; statistics & numerical data ; Earthquakes ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Wounds and Injuries ; mortality ; psychology ; surgery ; therapy

BACKGROUNDTo compare the biological characteristics of West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), including cells sensitivity, pathogenicity, viral morphology, as well as the results of immunological and molecular biological detection.

METHODSCytopathic effect (CPE) and pathogenicity were observed in C6/36 cells and in suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally with the WNV or JEV, respectively. The sliced tissue samples for electron microscopic examination were prepared for the morphologic observation of the viruses. Serum antibody to WNV or JEV was detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and the viral RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR method.

RESULTSWNV or JEV-caused CPE was characterized by cell fusion and cell shedding, respectively. There was no significant difference in the pathogenicity to suckling mice between WNV and JEV. The morphologic observation showed that the shape and size of the two virions were similar. WNV and JEV were found to have antigenic cross-reactivity. The viral RNA could be detected from both WNV and JEV samples with universal primer set, but only nucleoside fragments of corresponding virus could be amplified when specific primers were used.

CONCLUSIONCPE in C6/36 cell and detection of the viral RNA should be useful in discrimination of WNV and JEV, and simultaneously examining the titers of serum antibodies against WNV and JEV may be helpful to diagnosis of infection with these agents.

Animals ; Brain ; virology ; Cell Line ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; virology ; Flavivirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; West Nile virus ; immunology ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of telomere length and telomerase activity in patients with aplastic anemia (AA), and relationship with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) efficacy, to explore the pathogenesis of AA and the role of telomere length in evaluating immunosuppressive therapy efficacy.

METHODS71 cases of AA patients between September 2010 and March 2013 were enrolled into this study. 3 ml peripheral blood specimens from this cohort of patients were collected to test the telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) with flow-FISH and detect telomerase activity with TRAP-PCR-ELISA method.

RESULTSTelomere length and age showed negative correlation (b=-0.387, P=0.001) in normal control, NSAA and SAA + VSAA groups, telomere length became shorter with the growth of age, and normal control group telomere length decreased along with the age growth slightly greater than the other two groups (NSAA, SAA+VSAA). Besides the effect of age on telomere length, no significant difference was observed between NSAA and SAA+VSAA groups (P=0.573), and NSAA, SAA+VSAA (30.957 ± 4.502,29.510 ± 5.911)groups were significantly shorter than normal control group (51.086±10.844) (P<0.01). Telomere length in NR group (25.357±4.848)was significantly lower than normal control group (51.086 ± 10.844) (P=0.005), telomere length in CR(32.808 ± 4.685)/PR groups (30.334±4.464) compared with normal control group had no significant difference (P=0.517, P=0.254). Telomere length below 29.21% obviously decreased outcomes of IST. Telomerase activity had significant difference (χ²=20.385, P<0.01). The telomerase activity had no significant difference in terms of age and gender in three groups, multiple comparison found that telomerase activities in SAA + VSAA (0.324±0.178) (P<0.01), and NSAA (0.234±0.175) groups (P=0.002) were significantly higher than normal control group (0.107±0.083).

CONCLUSIONTelomere length of PBMNC in AA patients was significantly shortened than normal control group with telomerase activity increased, and telomere shorted more apparently in NR group, these patients should adjust the treatment as early as possible. Telomeres could predict the curative effect of IST.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia, Aplastic ; enzymology ; therapy ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Telomere ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

UNLABELLEDThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cellular immunity activation on P58(+) cells expressing killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) and their regulatory function on cellular immunity, and provid theoretical data for preventing graft-vers-host disease (GVHD) in stem cell transplantation therapy. The mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood were incubated with IL-2, Con A and Lipostin (LP) for 72 hours. The KIR expressing cells, P58.1(+) and P58.2(+) cells, were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD16(+)CD56(+), P58.1(+) and P58.2(+) cells were greatly increased after treated with IL-2, Con A and LP, separately or in combination, and the percentages of above cells in combined treatment groups were higher than those of single stimulated groups, especially the percentage of cells in the IL-2 + LP group was significantly higher than those in IL-2 and LP singly treated groups.

IN CONCLUSIONIL-2, Con A and LP possess the ability to induce the expression of KIR and stimulate proliferation of P58.1(+) and P58.2(+) cells while to activate the celluar immunity response, the expression of P58 gene may be regulated by the activation of cellular immunity.

Adult ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; CD4 Antigens ; analysis ; CD56 Antigen ; analysis ; CD8 Antigens ; analysis ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Concanavalin A ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Receptors, IgG ; analysis ; Receptors, Immunologic ; analysis ; Receptors, KIR ; Receptors, KIR2DL3