· AlM:To compare the therapeutic effects of different surgical methods in treating pterygium patients and to observe tear film stability.
· METHODS: A total of 120 pterygium patients ( 120 eyes) were divided into three groups, each 40 cases (40 eyes).Data including SchirmerⅠtest (SⅠt), tear break-up time ( BUT) , corneal fluorescein staining ( CFS) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery and the effects of tear function changes.
·RESULTS:There were no significant differences in BUT in group A before the operation and one month after operation.Groups B and C showed significant difference before and after operation, but differences were not statistically significant ( all P<0.05 ); One month after operation, there was significant difference in CFS among group A, B and C (P<0.05), but the difference was not satistically significant between groups B and C; After 3mo, BUT in group A was not significant difference compared with the preoperative; but there was significant difference in groups B and C (P<0.05).When
compared it between groups B and C, there showed no significant difference; Group A showed no significant difference in SⅠt compared with preoperative, SⅠt of groups B and C were significant differences compared with preoperative (P<0.05), but no significant difference between the two groups;After 3mo, CFS of preoperative group A and group B and group C had no significant difference. After 10mo follow - up, there was axsignificant difference ( P<0.05 ) in recurrence rate in group A comparing with groups B and C, there were differences between groups B and C, but no statistically significant.Surgery is more likely to relapse in summer than in winter.
·CONCLUSlON: Pterygium excision combined with self-corneal limbal stem cell transplantation and Tenon capsule closed is an ideal surgical to reduce the recurrence and improve tear film function to some extent.

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders of Cangzhou city, Hebei province, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2007 to 2009, dynamic monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in low iodized salt coverage places Hejian city and Xian county. Nine towns were randomly chosen in each county, 4 administrative villages were randomly selected in each town, 8 household salts were tested in each village. Every year, 1 - 3 copies of residents water samples were collected for determination of iodine; more than 100 students age 8 - 10 years old were checked the situation of goiter and urinary iodine, more than 40 students selected were measured iodine content of salt from their home; more than 50 women of childbearing age 18 - 40 years were tested of urinary iodine. Thyroid was examined with palpation; water iodine and urine iodine concentration were measured with arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results From 2007 to 2009,median household salt iodine were 4.3,15.9,3.6,18.4,4.6,11.7 mg/kg in Hejian city and Xian county, respectively,iodized salt accounted for 34.03% (98/288), 78.82% (227/288), 29.86% (86/288), 84.72% (244/288), 37.15%(107/288),49.31% (142/288), respectively, the consuming rate of iodized salt were 27.08% (78/288),36.46%( 105/288 ), 28.13% (81/288 ), 49.31% ( 142/288 ), 37.15 % ( 107/288 ), 30.90% ( 89/288 ), respectively. Ten samples of drinking water were tested, water iodine were 5.5 - 34.4 μg/L. From 2007 to 2009, the goiter rate of students aged 8 - 10 years old was below 5%, the median of urinary iodine were 138.1,176.6,112.0 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 31.6% ( 65/206 ), 25.0% ( 52/208 ) and 44.4% (91/205 ). The median of urinary iodine of child-bearing age women were 167.3,164.2,78.1 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 28.7%(29/101 ), 19.2%(20/104) and 60.0%(60/100).Conclusions In areas with low coverage of iodized salt, iodine nutrition level are affected, the child-bearing age

Objective:To compare soft-tissue morphology changes by cephalometric measurements be-tween extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in borderline cases.Methods:The samplesconsisted of 33 cases selected as borderline cases by 5 orthodontic specialists.They were divided into 21extraction cases(including 13 four first premolar extraction cases and 8 four second premolar extractioncases)and 12 non-extraction cases by checking patients' treatment records.Conventional cephalometricanalysis was made to compare soft tissue structures before and after orthodontic treatments and the samecomparison was made between two different extraction patterns.Results:No statistical difference wasfound in pretreatment soft-tissue morphology between extraction and non-extraction groups divided fromborderline cases.The PosBs/FH of the four first premolars extraction group was smaller than that of non-extraction group,and the Ns-Sn-Pos of the four first premolars extraction group was smaller than that offour second premolar extraction group.None of the post-treatment soft-tissue measures showed significantstatistical differences between four first premolars extraction group and non-extraction group,but therewere 6 items showed significant statistical differences between four second premolars extraction group andnon-extraction group.Compared with extraction and non-extraction treatments,the most significant soft-tissue changes were:PosBs/FH,LL-SnPos,and Bs-EP.Conclusion:Although pre-treatment soft-tissuemorphology of second premolar extraction group was close to that of non-extraction group,the post-treat-ment soft-tissue morphology of first premolar extraction group became closer to that of non-extractiongroup.Compared with non-extraction treatment,the more significant changes caused by extraction treat-ment were located in the lower lip and chin,but not the upper lips.

Objective To explore the correlation of city school-aged children′s intelligence quotients(IQ) with family factors.Methods Picking up 180 healthy children which aged 10-14 and their parents.Children′s IQ were tested with Wechsler intelligence Scale for Children- Revised(WISC-R).Their parents were investigated by using the questionnaire designed by ourselves about some factors of family which includes Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ), Home Education Index Measuring Scale (HEIMS),and so on. We analyzed the associations between children′s IQ and family factors with the applicable data about 114 only child. Results Multiple stepwise regression analyses show that some factors have significant effects on IQ of children(P

AIM: To explore a new compute tomography (CT) for the localization of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs).METHODS: After CT ocular horizontal and ocular axial scan,the foreign bodies on the eyeball wall or retinal surface in 26eyes were localized by means of the combination of CT ocular axial scan and meridian plane reconstruction (new method),ocular horizontal scan and ocular axial scan (conventional method Ⅰ) as well as ocular horizontal scan right angle coordination (conventional method Ⅱ) separately. According to the criteria of indirect ophthalmoscope localization and direct observation during operation, the relative accuracies of corresponding points of the foreign bodies on sclera surface along meridian and latitude were measured.RESULTS: In the 26 cases, the mean relative accuracies of corresponding points of foreign bodies on sclera surface along meridian and latitude were 1.53mm、1.64mm (new method), 1.37mm、1.64mm (conventional method Ⅰ) and 2.02mm、2.55mm (conventional method Ⅱ) respectively.There was no statistical difference between the new method and the conventional method Ⅰ, whereas there was statistical difference between the new methods and the conventional method Ⅱ (along meridian: P＜0.05; along latitude:P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with the conventional methods,the new method is simpler, more visible and more potential in the clinic.

OBJECTIVETo compare the treatment effect on the prominence of profile in borderline cases between extraction and non-extraction treatment.

METHODSThe sample consisting of 33 borderline cases based on the judgment of 5 orthodontic specialists was divided into three groups according to the treatment way selected by the doctor in charge of the case. Three groups comprised 12 non-extraction cases, 13 four first premolars extraction cases and 8 four second premolars extraction cases. Structure superimposition was used to measure landmarks displacements which reflect the change of profile prominence before and after orthodontic treatment using pretreatment FH plane as a frame of reference.

RESULTSOnly the prominence of upper and lower incisors showed statistically significance between the extraction and non-extraction treatments. There was no statistically significant difference between the extraction of four first premolars and second premolars.

CONCLUSIONThe main effect of extraction vs. non-extraction on profile of borderline cases is the prominence of upper and lower incisors, while their influences on upper and lower base bone and soft-tissue profile are not obvious.

Cephalometry ; Humans ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Tooth Extraction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of occlusal relationship in posterior teeth among the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and to analyze some possible factors which may relate to the relapse of posterior occlusal relationship.

METHODS29 finishing Class II division 1 cases treated by extraction with full records selected were included. The sample consists of 12 males, 17 females. The follow-up lateral head films and study casts were taken at least 2 years after orthodontic treatment. The cephalograms were measured by computerized program and the study casts measured by caliper.

RESULTSImprovements of molar relationship were shown during treatment and a little bit changes during follow-up. During the treatment, the amount of mesial movement of the lower molars was more than the upper molars in dental Class II malocclusion and the amount was similar between upper and lower molars in skeletal Class II malocclusion although the ANB angle decreased significantly. During the follow-up stage, the movement tendency between upper and lower molars was reversed. The sagittal growth pattern of mandible and irregularity of upper incisors were nearly correlated with the relapse of molar relationship.

CONCLUSIONThe stability of molar relationship is acceptable during the follow-up stage in Class II malocclusion. The improvement of molar relationship depends on the difference of mesial movements between upper and lower molars in dental Class II malocclusion. However, in skeletal Class II malocclusion the improvement of jaw relationship does the effect. The positive growth of mandible and crowding of upper incisors may affect the relapse of molar relationship.

Cephalometry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Molar ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Movement Techniques

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relapse of incisor alignment after orthodontic treatment and possible factors which may related to its stability.

METHODS72 finished cases with full records selected from orthodontic clinic of Peking University School of Stomatology composed the sample. The follow-up lateral head films and study casts were taken at least 2 years after orthodontic treatment. The cephalograms were measured by computerized program and the study casts measured by caliper.

RESULTSThe upper Irregularity Index decreased from (11.5 +/- 5.02) mm before treatment to (2.01 +/- 1.39) mm after treatment and then increased to (3.46 +/- 1.69) mm in the follow-up stage. The lower Irregularity Index decreased from (7.24 +/- 44.35) mm before treatment to (1.75 +/- 1.04) mm after treatment and then increased to (3.39 +/- 1.78) mm in the follow-up stage. The changes are significant statistically. The changes of jaw in the sagittal and vertical directions as well as the related changes of the position of lower incisors, the decrease of the lower canine arch width, Bolton Index and sex all have statistically significant relation with the changes of the lower Irregularity Index after retention.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with lower arch, the alignment in upper arch is more stable in the follow-up stage. The results suggest that some possible factors may have correlations with the change of lower arch crowding during the follow-up stage.

Adolescent ; Child ; Dental Arch ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Recurrence ; Tooth Migration

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of magnetic Twin-block appliance in the treatment of skeletal class II cases.

METHODSThe magnetic Twin-block appliance was embedded with two pairs of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd(2)Fe(14)B) rare earth permanent magnets in the upper and lower inclined planes of Twin-block appliance. The sample comprised of 13 skeletal class II patients in the late mixed or early permanent dentition treated by magnetic Twin-block appliance. Cephalometric films were taken before and after treatment. Helix CT images of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in all patients were examined before treatment (T1), during treatment (4 months after appliance placement, T2), after treatment (T3) and one year after treatment (T4).

RESULTSA double contour image was detected in the superior posterior part of the condylar head on the pseudo-sagittal reconstruction plane pictures of T2 in 11 patients. The double contour image could be observed in most patients as well. This image also exhibited on the pictures of T3 in several patients. On the pictures of T2 and T3 in some patients, interruption of cortical bone and "bifurcation phenomenon" of condyles were shown. Pictures of T1 and T4 were similar and no signs of remodeling of TMJ were observed. Cephalometric analysis revealed significant changes in the maxillofacial structure after treatment. The profile of patients improved.

CONCLUSIONSBone remodeling of condyle occurred during the magnetic Twin-block treatment in class II patients. Magnetic Twin-block appliance was effective in the treatment of the growing skeletal class II patients.

Adolescent ; Bone Remodeling ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Mandibular Condyle ; physiopathology ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses.

METHODSRecruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)].

CONCLUSIONSThe four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis