OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of helicid on the hippocampal neurogenesis in chronically stressed mice and its possible action mechanism of antidepressants. METHODS: Mice were exposed to chronic stress and isolated breed for 28 consecutive days with coadministration of helicid (10, 20, 40 mg · kg-1, ig) or fluoxetine(2.6 mg · kg-1, ig). The proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed decreased expression of BrdU and BDNF in hippocampal dentate gyrus in chronic stress mice. Compared with chromic stress group, helicid and fluoxetine significantly increased expression of BrdU and BDNF. CONCLUSION: The antidepressant mechanisms of Helicid in chronically stressed mice is probalblely related to promote neurogenesis in dentate gyrus and induce up-regulation of BDNF. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

OBJECTIVETo find a kind of quick and effective haemostasis to decrease the mortality of severe bleeding.

METHODS18 severe bleeding patients with different cause received recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOf total 18 cases with severe bleeding, 13 cases cured, 3 cases were effective, 2 cases ineffective. The total clinical effective rate is 88.89%. After using rFVIIa, the PT, APTT and fibrinogen level of 6 DIC patients returned to normal within 12 hours; 13 patients whose the amount of bleeding can be evaluated stopped bleeding quickly. The fastest onset time was 10 min.

CONCLUSIONrFVIIa can stanch severe bleeding for a variety of reasons rapidly and effectively, including coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and obstetric hemorrhage. Application of rFVIIa may decrease mortality, when conventional treatment is not valid.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; drug therapy ; Factor VIIa ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo present the changes of surgical approaches for the resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA) and the follow-up results.

METHODSThe clinical records of 59 patients with JNA treated under endoscope between 2002 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (Radkowski I a-II b) and Group B (Radkowsik II c-III b). The tumor stages, feeding vessels, operating time, complications and recurrence were observed and recorded.

RESULTSThere were 7 patients with stage I a, 3 patients with stage I b, 5 patients with stage II a, 6 patients with stage II b, 4 patients with stage II c, 23 patients with stage III a, 11 patients with stage III b. The average age at diagnosis in Group A (21 cases) was 23.9 years old. The average operating time was (106.0 +/- 43.7) min. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 74 months (median 36 months) except for 3 missing cases. The average age at diagnosis in Group B (38 cases) was 16.2 years old and the average operating time was (152.9 +/- 58.0) min. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 87 months (median 25 months) except for 5 missing cases. During follow-up, 6 patients in group B recurred. Infarction of thalamencephalon happened in 1 patient in group B who recovered totally afterwards. The difference in operating time between two groups was statistically significant (t = -3.232, P = 0.002). The life table was used to evaluate the survival curves and Log-rank test showed that the difference of recurrent time between two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONSThe key techniques to remove tumor are bleeding control, drilling-out the bone that tumor invaded. Transpterygoid or posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus approach are recommended for tumors that extend to infratemporal fossa. Small and intermediate-sized JNA which have no deep invasion of skull base (RadkowskiIa-II b) have a low morbidity. JNA at Radkowski stage IIc and above have residual and recurrent risk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiofibroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and laboratory features and diagnosis of the patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis in children.

METHODThe data of clinical feature, laboratory findings, and radiological manifestation were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTOf the 7 patients, 4 were female and 3 were male. The age of onset was from 6.6 to 15.5 years (average 9.5 years). The onset of 4 cases started with convulsion. Six cases had seizures which was difficult to control by antiepileptic drugs. All patients had psychiatric symptoms and speech disorder. Six cases had different levels of decreased consciousness and dyskinesias. 6 cases had autonomic nerve instability, and 7 cases developed sleep disorders. The results of MRI examination were normal in all patients. The EEG of most patients showed focal or diffuse slow waves. Six cases had oligoclonal bands. All cases were confirmed to have the disease by detection of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. No tumor was detected in any of the patients. All patients received immunotherapy.

CONCLUSIONAnti-NMDAR encephalitis is a severe but treatable disorder that frequently affects children and adolescents. Pediatric patients had clinical manifestations similar to those of adult patients. But children have a lower incidence of tumors and hypoventilation also occurs less frequently in children. Most of children had a good prognosis.

Adolescent ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Autonomic Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Movement Disorders ; etiology ; Radiography ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; etiology

BACKGROUNDRecombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rhPTH (1-34)) is the first agent in a unique class of anabolic therapies acting on the skeleton. The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of rhPTH (1-34) in Chinese postmenopausal women had not been evaluated. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1-34) with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in 11 urban areas of China.

METHODSA total of 453 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled in an 18-month, multi-center, randomized, controlled study. They were randomized to receive either rhPTH (1-34) 20 µg (200 U) daily for 18 months, or elcatonin 20 U weekly for 12 months. Lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), fracture rate, back pain as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Adverse events were recorded.

RESULTSrhPTH (1-34) increased lumbar BMD significantly more than did elcatonin after 6, 12, and 18 months of treatment (4.3% vs. 1.9%, 6.8% vs. 2.7%, 9.5% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.01). There was only a small but significant increase of femoral neck BMD after 18 months (2.6%, P < 0.01) in rhPTH groups. There were larger increases in bone turnover markers in the rhPTH (1-34) group than those in the elcatonin group after 6, 12, and 18 months (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) 93.7% vs. -3.6%; 117.8% vs. -4.1%; 49.2% vs. -5.8%, P < 0.01; urinary C-telopeptide/creatinine (CTX/Cr) 250.0% vs. -29.5%; 330.0% vs. -41.4%, 273.0% vs. -10.6%, P < 0.01). rhPTH (1-34) showed similar effect of pain relief as elcatonin. The incidence of clinical fractures was 5.36% (6/112) in elcatonin group and 3.2% (11/341) in rhPTH (1-34) group (P = 0.303). Both treatments were well tolerated. Hypercaluria (9.4%) and hypercalcemia (7.0%) in rhPTH (1-34) group were transient and caused no clinical symptoms. Pruritus (8.2% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.044) and redness of injection site (4.4% vs. 0, P = 0.024) were more frequent in rhPTH (1-34). Nausea/vomiting (16.1% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.001) and hot flushes (7.1% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001) were more common in elcatonin group.

CONCLUSIONSrhPTH (1-34) was associated with greater increases in lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers. It could increase femoral BMD after 18 months of treatment. rhPTH could improve back pain effectively. The results of the present study indicate that rhPTH (1-34) is an effective, safe agent in treating Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Aged ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Calcitonin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; drug therapy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome