OBJECTIVETo analyze the mechanics in correction of skeletal class III malocclusion with Multiloop Edgewise Arch Wire (MEAW).

METHODS15 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were treated with MEAW technique. Cephalometric analysis was performed with pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalograms. Paired t-test was conducted to assess the treatment effects.

RESULTSL6-XI decreased by 2.87 mm, L6/MP increased by 8.60 degrees, L1-XI decreased by 2.60 mm, OP/MP increased by 2.33 degrees. Skeleton changed a little. There was no significant change in the soft tissue.

CONCLUSION(1) Dento-alveolar compensation is the main change after the treatment by MEAW technique; (2) The improvement in molar relationship and overjet is achieved with upright and distal movement of the lower posterior teeth; (3) The lower anterior teeth moved lingually and protracted. Occlusal plane is flattened.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cephalometry ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; therapy ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; methods

Objective To explore the effects of magnesium sulfate in combination with astragalus membranaceus injection on the birth outcomes and expression of placenta tissue related gene of patients with gestational hypertension. Methods Seventy-six gestational hypertension patients were selected and randomly assigned to control group (n = 38) and treatment group (n = 38). The control group was given intravenous injection of 25％ magnesium sulfate (60 mL) once daily for 7 days,while the treatment group was give intravenous injection of astragalus (60 mL) on the basis of the control group once daily for 7 days. The changes of blood pressure,mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 24 h urine protein content of the two groups were compared. The placenta tissue of the two groups were collected after childbirth. Results After treatment,the total effective rates of the control group and the treatment group were86. 84％ (33/38) and 97. 37％ (37/38) ,respectively; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). There were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group in systolic blood pressure [(147. 21 ± 20. 01) mmHg vs (128. 46 ± 18. 43) mmHg],diastolic blood pressure [(90. 25 ± 15. 46) mmHg vs (73. 14 ± 14. 53) mmHg],MAP [(126. 76 ± 9. 65) mmHg vs (108. 15 ± 9. 57) mmHg] and the 24 h urine protein content [(2. 65 ±0. 87) g vs (1. 34 ±0. 79) g](P < 0. 05). Conclusion Magnesium sulfate combined with astragalus membranaceus injection can reduce the blood pressure of gestational hypertension patients,improve the pregnancy outcome; the action mechanism maybe related to the up-regulation of PLGF and MMP-9 protein expression of placenta tissue.

Objective To investigate the effect of puerarin on oxidative stress and immune status in placenta of preeclampsia (PE) rats. Methods Forty-five pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group and test group,15 rats in each group. The rats in model group and test group were subcutaneously injected with 100 mg·kg-1 of L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) once daily from Day 13-21 of gestation,the rats in control group were injected with the same amount of saline; and the rats in test group were intraperitoneally injected with 80 mg·kg-1 of puerarin solution once daily from Day 17-21 of gestation,control group and model group were injected with the same amount of 0. 9％ NaCl. The caudal arterial pressure and 24 h urinary protein content were measured at Day 10,16 and 21 of gestation,the oxidative stress indexes in rat placenta was detected by thibabituric acid method and Xanthine oxidase method,the cellular immune function was detected by flow cytometry,and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expressionin of rat placenta trophoblasts was detected by Western blot. Results On Day 21 of gestation,there were significant differences between the model group and the control/test group in caudal arterial pressure [(136. 25 ± 5. 48) mm- Hg vs (119. 25 ± 4. 21) mmHg or (123. 52 ± 6. 45) mmHg],24 h-urinary protein contents [((11. 83 ± 0. 12) mg vs 6. 42 ± 0. 08) mg or (8. 58 ± 0. 12) mg],the content of MDA in placenta tissue [(4. 75 ± 0. 08) mmol·mg-1 vs(10. 69 ± 0. 07) mmol·mg-1,(8. 37 ± 0. 08) mmol·mg-1 ],the content of SOD [(93. 26 ± 4. 29) U·mg-1 vs(168. 97 ± 3. 42) U·mg-1 or (112. 63 ± 3. 48) U·mg-1 ],the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + [(2. 61 ± 0. 56) vs(1. 46 ± 0. 05) or (1. 48 ± 0. 12) ] and the relative expression of XIAP protein in trophoblast [(0. 89 ± 0. 05) vs(0. 36 ± 0. 09) or (0. 41 ± 0. 11) ](all P < 0. 05). Conclusion Puerarin can inhibit the oxidative stress reaction and enhance the cellular immune function in the placenta of PE rats,and reduce the expression of XIAP protein in the placenta tissue trophoblasts to reduce the apoptosis of placenta trophoblasts.

Chinese materia medica and its compound formulas have the characteristics of multi-component,multi-target,and multi pathway effects,and have unique advantages in preventing and treating complex diseases.Network pharmacology explains disease patterns and drug mechanisms from the perspective of complex biological networks,and explores the pharmacological substance basis and target of Chinese medicine.This article summarized the application of network pharmacology from the aspects of biological basis of TCM syndrome,the substance basis and pharmacological mechanism of TCM,compatibility theory of TCM compound formulas,etc.,with the purpose to provide a reference for the research and application of network pharmacology in TCM.

To explore the anti-HSV-1 effect of silencing gD gene expression by RNA interference, five 21-nucleotide duplex small interfering RNAs(siRNAs) targeting the HSV1 gD sequence were designed and the gD-EGFP fusion gene expression vector was constructed, then co-transfected into Vero cell, and screened the effective siRNA through analyzing the intensity of the EGFP fluorescence. Finally, the anti-HSV1 effect was confirmed by plaque reduction assay, real-time PCR and daughter virus titration of HSV1 infected Vero cells transfected with siRNAs. The study demonstrated that siRNAs could effectively and specifically inhibit gD gene expression in HSV1-infected cells, but only had a little effect on HSV1 infection, so taking gD as the target of siRNA against HSV1 needs further study.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the functional effects of differential expression of ring finger and tryptophan-aspartic acid 2 (RFWD2) on dendritic development and formation of dendritic spines in cerebral cortex neurons of mice. METHODS: Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify the location and global expression profile of RFWD2 in mouse brain and determine the co-localization of RFWD2 with the synaptic proteins in the cortical neurons. We also examined the effects of RFWD2 over-expression (RFWD2-Myc) and RFWD2 knockdown (RFWD2-shRNA) on dendritic development, dendritic spine formation and synaptic function in cultured cortical neurons. RESULTS: RFWD2 is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice, and its expression level was positively correlated with the development of cerebral cortex neurons and dendrites. RFWD2 expression was detected on the presynaptic membrane and postsynaptic membrane of the neurons, and its expression levels were positively correlated with the length, number of branches and complexity of the dendrites. In cultured cortical neurons, RFWD2 overexpression significantly lowered the expressions of the synaptic proteins synaptophysin (P < 0.01) and postsynapic density protein 95 (P < 0.01), while RFWD2 knockdown significantly increased their expressions (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control and RFWD2-overexpressing cells, the neurons with RFWD2 knockdown showed significantly reduced number of dendritic spines (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RFWD2 can regulate the expression of the synaptic proteins, the development of the dendrites, the formation of the dendritic spines and synaptic function in mouse cerebral cortex neurons through ubiquitination of Pea3 family members and c-Jun, which may serve as potential treatment targets for neurological diseases.
Animals ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dendritic Spines/metabolism* ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Synapses ; Tryptophan/metabolism*

BACKGROUNDA multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.

METHODSAdult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.

RESULTSChanges of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.

CONCLUSIONSThe domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dialysis Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective: To summarize the clinical and imaging features of linear scleroderma en coup de saber (LSCS) with central nervous system involvement in children. Methods: The clinical data(clinical manifestations and imaging features) of 6 children diagnosed with LSCS with central nervous system involvement who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2019 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 6 patients were all female, aged 6.8 (3.3, 11.0) years at the time of diagnosis, and aged 3.0 (1.7, 4.1) years at the time of discovery of facial skin lesions. Facial skin lesions appeared before neurological symptoms in 5 cases, and neurological symptoms appeared 2 months before skin lesions in 1 case. All the patients had "sword wound" skin lesions on the forehead with alopecia. Neurological manifestations included epileptic seizures in 6 cases, focal neurological defects in 5 cases, and headaches in 2 cases. The intracranial lesions were all ipsilateral to the skin lesions. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 6 cases showed abnormal signals mainly involving white matter in 1 hemisphere, and 3 cases showed local encephalomalacia. The scattered low signal was observed in 5 cases on susceptibility weighted imaging. Localized brain parenchyma or leptomeninges enhancement was seen on Gadolinium-enhanced sequences in 5 cases. Scattered foci of calcification on the affected side were seen on cranial CT in 4 cases. Skin biopsy was performed in 2 cases. Part of the lesion of the brain was removed in 1 case, and the pathological findings suggested small vasculitis, which was consistent with skin pathological changes. All patients received symptomatic treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Oral prednisone combined with methotrexate was given in 4 cases, and 1 case was given oral prednisone only. One case was presumed to be in the resting stage of the disease due to significant cerebral atrophy in half of the brain, and only antiepileptic drugs were added. The patients were followed up for 6-36 months. The skin lesions of scleroderma and alopecia did not progress in 5 cases, and hemifacial atrophy was developed in 1 case, which was considered to be combined with Parry-Romberg syndrome. The seizures were controlled in 4 cases. One case had reduced seizure frequency but left hemiplegia. One patient still had intractable epilepsy and paroxysmal headache. Conclusions: LSCS with central nervous system involvement is more common in girls, with seizures and neurological defects as the main manifestations. Intracranial lesions are mostly ipsilateral to the skin lesions. Cerebral microbleeds, calcification, and encephalomalacia foci are common, and the pathological changes in skin and intracranial lesions are consistent with small-vessel vasculitis. Prednisone combined with methotrexate treatment has shown some efficacy, but some children remain with refractory epilepsy and neurological deficit symptoms.
Child ; Humans ; Female ; Scleroderma, Localized ; Anticonvulsants ; Methotrexate ; Prednisone ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy ; Calcinosis ; Alopecia ; Brain ; Encephalomalacia ; Headache

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications