Peyronie's disease is characterized by local fibrosis of the tunica albuginea and relatively rare clinically. Few relevant basic researches could be retrieved, which might be attributed to the absence of a robust animal model of the disease as well as to its rareness. At present, some animal models available for Peyronie's disease have their own merits and demerits. TGF-β1-induced and Fibrin-induced models are lack of penile curvature and calcification/ossification. A surgical model might be established for the acute phase of the disease. The characteristic of a widespread fibrotic process involving many organs in the spontaneous model is quite different from that of human Peyronie's disease. Therefore, choosing the right model is essential for researches. This paper presents an overview of the animal models of Peyronie's disease, meant to provide some reference for the basic research of the disease.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrin ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Induration ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Penis ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends

Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome ; Child ; Humans ; Male

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of low frequency stimulation on motor function of stroke patients.Methods50 stroke patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 25 cases in each group. Patients of control group received neuromedical and Bobath technical treatment; cases of treatment group received low frequency stimulation besides the above two methods. All patients were assessed respectively with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Clinical Nerve Function Impaired Scale at the admission and on 20 days after treatment.ResultsThe motor functions of both groups were improved (P<0.05). But the recovery of treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionLow frequency stimulation can promote the stroke patients' motor function recovery.

Objective To discuss the causes and clinical significance of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic surgery.Method Three thousand two hundred and three cases who underwent laparoscopic surgery during the past five years were analyzed retrospectively.Results Three thousand one hundred and eighty cases underwent laparoscopic surgery,in which 23 cases were converted to laparotomy due to factors including severe pelvic adhesions(6 cases),complex disease with difficulties in laparoscopy (7 cases),massive haemorrhage(3 cases),bladder trauma(1 case),gastric trauma(1 case),intestinal trauma(1 case),as well as unexpected malignant genitalia neoplasm(4 cases).Conclusion The major causes for the conversion to laparotomy during gynecology laparoscopic surgery are severe pelvic adhesion and complex disease with difficulties in laparoscopy.Careful evaluation before surgery and conversion to laparotomy at the right moment can decrease the complication.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mechanics in correction of skeletal class III malocclusion with Multiloop Edgewise Arch Wire (MEAW).

METHODS15 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were treated with MEAW technique. Cephalometric analysis was performed with pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalograms. Paired t-test was conducted to assess the treatment effects.

RESULTSL6-XI decreased by 2.87 mm, L6/MP increased by 8.60 degrees, L1-XI decreased by 2.60 mm, OP/MP increased by 2.33 degrees. Skeleton changed a little. There was no significant change in the soft tissue.

CONCLUSION(1) Dento-alveolar compensation is the main change after the treatment by MEAW technique; (2) The improvement in molar relationship and overjet is achieved with upright and distal movement of the lower posterior teeth; (3) The lower anterior teeth moved lingually and protracted. Occlusal plane is flattened.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cephalometry ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; therapy ; Orthodontic Wires ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by acrylonitrile (ACN).

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administrated ACN by intraperitoneal injection 5 times a week for 13 weeks at the dose of 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats were sacrificed and testes were removed at the end of 4, 8, 13 or 15 weeks, respectively. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were detected in testes.

RESULTSFollowing ACN treatment of 4 weeks, the levels of GSH in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group were (7.44 +/- 0.77) mg/g pro and (6.95 +/- 0.77) mg/g pro respectively, and the activity of GSH-Px was (70.89 +/- 4.01) U/mg pro in 30.0 mg/kg group, all of which were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After 8 weeks, the levels of GSH decreased to (2.50 +/- 0.94) mg/g pro in ACN 30.0 mg/kg group (P < 0.01); the activities of SOD increased to (102.08 +/- 16.08) NU/mg pro and (113.30 +/- 17.20) NU/mg pro in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group (P < 0.01). After 13 weeks, the levels of GSH declined in ACN 15.0 mg/kg and 30.0 mg/kg group, and the activities of GST decreased in ACN 30.0 mg/kg group, and of GSH-Px decreased in both doses group. However, the level of MDA [(0.68 +/- 0.16) nmol/mg pro] were significantly higher in 30.0 mg/kg group than that in control group [(0.38 +/- 0.12) nmol/mg pro] (P < 0.01). 2 weeks after stopping ACN treatment, the level of GSH restored to normal but the levels of MDA or the activity of GSH-Px in 30.0 mg/kg group were still higher or lower respectively than those of control (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONACN may impair the balance of antioxidant system, thus induce lipid peroxidation damage to rat testes.

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effects of TENS on metatarsus plantar flexion and inversion in stroke patients,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Thirty-two stroke patients with gastrocnemius spasticity were randomly divided into a control group (n=16) and a TENS group (n=16).All patients were treated with foot sup- ports,neurodevelopmental and manipulation therapies.In addition,the TENS group received TENS on the anterior tibialis,peroneus longus and brevis muscles.All patients were assessed in terms of their Chinese stroke scale(CSS) and H reflex scores before and after therapy.Results Compared with those in the control group,the H reflex scores in the TENS group were obviously decreased,while H reflex latency was prolonged and H/M was reduced. Gait in the TENS group was evidently improved.Conclusion TENS is an effective therapy to decrease gastrocnemi- us spasticity and to improve the gait of stroke patients.

Abstract: Due to the continued emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing pandemic has resulted in severe mortality over the past two years. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants, the most recent new variant of concern (VOC) strain to emerge is Omicron (B.1.1.529), which evolved as a result of the accumulation of a large number of mutations. The Omicron variant, which has a much higher transmission rate than the Delta variant, soon replaced the Delta variant and others, is now the dominant variant worldwide. The emergence of Omicron poses new challenges for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and has raised a number of concerns worldwide. Recently, cases of Omicron infection have been reported in several parts of China, and therefore this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant, including rapid diagnosis, genome analysis of emerging variants, ramping up of vaccination drives and receiving booster doses, updating the available vaccines, designing of multivalent vaccines able to generate hybrid immunity, up-gradation of medical facilities and strict implementation of adequate prevention and control measures need to be given high priority to handle the on-going COVID-19 pandemic successfully.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stability of estazolam in biological samples preserved in formaldehyde solution. METHODS: The dog was given intragastric administration of estazolam with a dose of 37.6 mg/kg and killed 2 h later. Heart, liver, kidney and brain of the dog were cut up into 1 g and preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution respectively. The content of estazolam in biological samples and formaldehyde solution were analyzed by HPLC at different times. RESULTS: The content of estazolam in heart, liver, kidney and brain or in formaldehyde solution reduced gradually followed with the extention of preservation time. At the 63rd day, estazolam content in four tissues were 0.8%, 1.7%, 1.0% and 2.2% of the original content respectively. CONCLUSION Estazolam in tissues can diffuse into formaldehyde solution and decomposed quickly, so biological samples contained estazolam should not be preserved in formaldehyde solution.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Estazolam/poisoning* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Formaldehyde ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning* ; Kidney/chemistry* ; Liver/chemistry* ; Male ; Solutions ; Time Factors ; Tissue Preservation/methods*