Objectives: Executive function is an important cognitive function affected in many psychiatric disorders but limited data is available regarding its course in patients recovered from acute and transient psychotic disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the executive function of recovered patients of acute and transient psychotic disorder and to evaluate different factors affecting the executive function of patients recovered from acute and transient psychotic disorder. Method: This was a non-invasive, one point, comparative study where the executive function was assessed after clinical recovery from acute and transient psychotic disorder. The patients were divided into two groups (poor and fair) on the basis of their executive performance. Retrograde analyses of different factors affecting executive performance were carried out. Results: A total of 28 patients had undergone assessment on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) out of which 13 patients had poor and 15 patients had fair executive performance. The fair executive performance group had shorter duration of psychosis, male preponderance and more years of education. Conclusion: Average duration of psychosis seems to be a reliable predictor of better or poor executive functioning.

Impacted mandibular third molar removal is the most common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. An array of alternative procedures have been suggested, like operculectomy in cases of pericoronitis and coronectomy in certain cases. However, these procedures pose several disadvantages, and we propose a relatively non-invasive ‘straight lift technique’. This technique is specifically useful in straightening abnormally positioned mesioangular third molars as a substitute of complete removal. This can improve tooth function, eliminate the need for surgical intervention, and reduce the risk of complications associated with third molar removal.

Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is one of the most common causes of central precocious puberty (CPP) in first few years of life. It can present with either seizures or CPP, although both manifestations coexist in the majority of the children. Gelastic seizures (GS), or laughing spells, are usually the first type of seizures seen in patients with HH. Although a wide variety of seizure types are known to occur in children with HH, GS are most common and consistent seizure type. The clinical presentation of HH may vary with the size and position of the mass, although large tumours typically present with both CPP and seizures. Although CPP can be managed with medical therapy, seizures can be very difficult to treat, even with multiple antiepileptic drugs. Noninvasive gamma knife surgery has been used with some success for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. We present a case of HH with very early onset seizures and CPP. The patient had an atypical form of seizures described by the parents as a "trance-like state" in which the patient had prolonged episodes of unresponsiveness lasting for hours with normal feedings during the episodes. GS occurred late in the course and were refractory to various combinations of antiepileptic drugs. A brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a large sessile HH (>20 mm). Later in the course of the disease, the patient experienced cognitive and behavioural problems. The patient underwent gamma knife surgery at nearly 5 years of age and experienced a modest response in seizure frequency. This case highlights the presentation of HH as a previously unreported seizure morphology described as a prolonged "trance-like state."
Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parents ; Puberty, Precocious ; Seizures ; Tuber Cinereum

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted in bread wheat for 14 important traits utilizing data from four different mapping populations involving different approaches of QTL analysis. Analysis for grain protein content (GPC) suggested that the major part of genetic variation for this trait is due to environmental interactions. In contrast, pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) was controlled mainly by main effect QTL (M-QTL) with very little genetic variation due to environmental interactions; a major QTL for PHST was detected on chromosome arm 3AL. For grain weight, one QTL each was detected on chromosome arms 1AS, 2BS and 7AS. QTL for 4 growth related traits taken together detected by different methods ranged from 37 to 40; nine QTL that were detected by single-locus as well as two-locus analyses were all M-QTL. Similarly, single-locus and two-locus QTL analyses for seven yield and yield contributing traits in two populations respectively allowed detection of 25 and 50 QTL by composite interval mapping (CIM), 16 and 25 QTL by multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) and 38 and 37 QTL by two-locus analyses. These studies should prove useful in QTL cloning and wheat improvement through marker aided selection.
Bread ; Chromosome Mapping ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; genetics ; Triticum ; genetics ; growth & development

Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bladder Exstrophy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To longitudinally assess the quality of life in maxillectomy patients rehabilitated with obturator prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six subjects were enrolled in the span of 16 months, out of which six were dropouts. Subjects (age group 20-60 years) with maxillary defects, irrespective of the cause, planned for definite obturator prosthesis, were recruited. The Hindi version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Head and Neck version 1 of Quality of Life Questionnaire was used before surgical intervention and one month after definitive obturator. Questionnaire includes 35 questions related to the patient's physical health, well being, psychological status, social relation and environmental conditions. The data were processed with statistical package for social science (SPSS). Probability level of P<.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The quality of life after rehabilitation with obturator prosthesis was 81.48% (+/-13.64) on average. On item-level, maximum mean scores were obtained for items problem with teeth (1.87 +/- 0.94), pain in mouth (1.80 +/- 0.92), trouble in eating (1.70 +/- 0.88), trouble in talking to other people (1.60 +/- 1.22), problems in swallowing solid food (1.57 +/- 1.22) and bothering appearance (1.53 +/- 1.04); while minimum scores were obtained for the items coughing (1.17 +/- 0.38), hoarseness of voice (1.17 +/- 0.53), painful throat (1.13 +/- 0.43), trouble in having social contacts with friends (1.10 +/- 0.40) and trouble having physical contacts with family or friends (1.10 +/- 0.31). CONCLUSION: Obturator prosthesis is a highly positive and non-invasive approach to improve the quality of life of patients with maxillectomy defects.
Cough ; Deglutition ; Eating ; Friends ; Head ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mouth ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neck ; Patient Dropouts ; Pharynx ; Prostheses and Implants ; Quality of Life ; Social Sciences ; Tooth ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Nepal

Analysis of the VP1 gene sequence of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is critical to understanding viral evolution and disease epidemiology. A standard set of primers have been used for the detection and sequence analysis of the VP1 gene of FMDV directly from suspected clinical samples with limited success. The study validated VP1-specific degenerate primer-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the qualitative detection and sequencing of serotype O FMDV lineages circulating in India. The novel degenerate primer-based RT-PCR amplifying the VP1 gene can circumvent the genetic heterogeneity observed in viruses after cell culture adaptation and facilitate precise viral gene sequence analysis from clinical samples.

Methods: A total of 51 patients with a mean age of 31.75±10.42 years who suffered traumatic SCI were included in this study. Complete neurological examinations (American Spinal Injury Association grading) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the time of admission and at 3–6 months after injury to study the neurological status and disc and trunk parameters. The type of management (operative or conservative) was decided on the basis of clinical, radiological, and MRI evaluations, and a robust rehabilitation program was initiated. Results: Disc parameters including disc angle, skin angle, cross-sectional area (CSA), and disc height and trunk parameters (mean trunk width, mean trunk depth, and CSA of the lumbar muscles) decreased significantly (p <0.001) during the first 3 months after SCI. However, improvements were observed in disc and muscle parameters at the 6-month follow-up, but these parameters did not return to normal levels. Neither initial neurological status (complete vs. incomplete) nor type of management (operative vs. conservative) had a significant effect on these parameters. Conclusions Spinal trauma leads to alterations in the morphology of the vertebral column, spinal cord, intervertebral discs, and paraspinal muscles in the initial phase of injury. The extent of these changes may determine the initial neurological deficit and subsequent recovery. Although this study did not identify any statistically significant effect of neurological status or management strategy on these parameters, rehabilitation was found to result in the improvement of these parameters in the later phase of recovery. Future studies are required to evaluate the exact causes of these alterations and the potential benefits of rehabilitation strategies and to minimize these changes.

Dentoalveolar (DA) trauma, which can involve tooth, alveolar bone, and surrounding soft tissues, is a significant dentofacial emergency. In emergency settings, physicians might lack comprehensive knowledge of timely procedures, causing delays for specialist referral. This systematic review assesses the literature on isolated DA fractures, emphasizing intervention timing and splinting techniques and duration in both children and adults. This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and involved a thorough search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided study selection, with data extraction and analysis centered on demographics, etiology, injury site, diagnostics, treatment timelines, and outcomes in pediatric (2-12 years) and adult (>12 years) populations. This review analyzed 26 studies, categorized by age into pediatrics (2-12 years) and adults (>12 years). Falls were a common etiology, primarily affecting the anterior maxilla. Immediate management involved replantation, repositioning, and splinting within 24 hours (pediatric) or 48 hours (adult). Composite resin-bonded splints were common. Endodontic treatment was done within a timeframe of 3 days to 12 weeks for children and 2-12 weeks for adults.Tailored management based on patient age, tooth development stage, time elapsed, and resource availability is essential.