1.Association of CYP2C19*2 and *3 Genetic Variants with Essential Hypertension in Koreans.
Dong Jik SHIN ; Jisun KWON ; Ah Ram PARK ; Yousun BAE ; Eun Soon SHIN ; Sungha PARK ; Yangsoo JANG
Yonsei Medical Journal 2012;53(6):1113-1119
PURPOSE: The cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) metabolizes arachidonic acid to produce epoxyicosanoid acids, which are involved in vascular tone and regulation of blood pressure. Recent findings suggest that CYP2C19 gene might be considered as a novel candidate gene for treatment of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between two variants, CYP2C19*2 (681G>A) and CYP2C19*3 (636G>A) and the development of essential hypertension (EH) in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out an association study in a total of 1190 individuals (527 hypertensive subjects and 663 unrelated healthy controls). The CYP2C19 polymorphisms were genotyped using the SNaPShot(TM) assay. RESULTS: The distribution of alleles and genotypes of CYP2C19*3 showed significant difference between hypertensive patients and normal controls (p=0.011 and p=0.013, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the CYP2C19*3 (636A) allele carriers were significantly associated with EH [odds ratio, 0.691; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.512-0.932, p=0.016], in comparison to wild type homozygotes (CYP2C19*1/*1). Neither genotype nor allele distribution of CYP2C19*2 polymorphism showed significant differences between hypertensive and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our present findings strengthen the evidence of an association between CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and EH prevalence. In particular, the CYP2C19*3 defective allele may contribute to reduced risk for the development of EH.
Adult
;
Alleles
;
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/*genetics
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
;
Female
;
Genotype
;
Homozygote
;
Humans
;
Hypertension/epidemiology/*genetics
;
Logistic Models
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics
;
Young Adult
2.A Rare Case of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Accompanied by Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Aspiration
Jisun BAE ; Soohoan LEE ; Jisoo PARK ; Hae-Yeon PARK ; Sun IM
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society 2024;14(Supple):155-160
A 74-year-old woman presented with a progressive pattern of dysphagia and odynophagia over one month.Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed diffuse swelling from the tongue base and velum extending to the posterior pharyngeal wall. Instrumental evaluation of swallowing showed decreased peristalsis in the esophageal phase, accompanied by severe swelling of the hypopharynx, which limited laryngeal elevation and subsequently led to decreased bolus clearance and impaired airway protection. Laboratory studies revealed a 61% increase in eosinophil count. An endoscopic biopsy of the esophagus confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. The patient was administered intravenous dexamethasone at a total dosage of 45 mg/day for 7 days. The eosinophil count dropped to the normal range, correlating with the improvement in dysphagia and aspiration. Eosinophilic esophagitis often presents in children and rarely involves the oropharyngeal structures. Due to its specific involvement of the esophagus, it seldom leads to aspiration. By contrast, the extension of eosinophilic inflammation from the esophagus to the oropharynx in this case resulted in atypical symptoms such as odynophagia and aspiration. The therapeutic approach can be challenging due to the difficulty in administering topical steroids, which are often the treatment of choice. However, the condition showed an excellent response to intravenous steroid therapy.
3.A Rare Case of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Accompanied by Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Aspiration
Jisun BAE ; Soohoan LEE ; Jisoo PARK ; Hae-Yeon PARK ; Sun IM
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society 2024;14(Supple):155-160
A 74-year-old woman presented with a progressive pattern of dysphagia and odynophagia over one month.Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed diffuse swelling from the tongue base and velum extending to the posterior pharyngeal wall. Instrumental evaluation of swallowing showed decreased peristalsis in the esophageal phase, accompanied by severe swelling of the hypopharynx, which limited laryngeal elevation and subsequently led to decreased bolus clearance and impaired airway protection. Laboratory studies revealed a 61% increase in eosinophil count. An endoscopic biopsy of the esophagus confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. The patient was administered intravenous dexamethasone at a total dosage of 45 mg/day for 7 days. The eosinophil count dropped to the normal range, correlating with the improvement in dysphagia and aspiration. Eosinophilic esophagitis often presents in children and rarely involves the oropharyngeal structures. Due to its specific involvement of the esophagus, it seldom leads to aspiration. By contrast, the extension of eosinophilic inflammation from the esophagus to the oropharynx in this case resulted in atypical symptoms such as odynophagia and aspiration. The therapeutic approach can be challenging due to the difficulty in administering topical steroids, which are often the treatment of choice. However, the condition showed an excellent response to intravenous steroid therapy.
4.A Rare Case of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Accompanied by Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Aspiration
Jisun BAE ; Soohoan LEE ; Jisoo PARK ; Hae-Yeon PARK ; Sun IM
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society 2024;14(Supple):155-160
A 74-year-old woman presented with a progressive pattern of dysphagia and odynophagia over one month.Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed diffuse swelling from the tongue base and velum extending to the posterior pharyngeal wall. Instrumental evaluation of swallowing showed decreased peristalsis in the esophageal phase, accompanied by severe swelling of the hypopharynx, which limited laryngeal elevation and subsequently led to decreased bolus clearance and impaired airway protection. Laboratory studies revealed a 61% increase in eosinophil count. An endoscopic biopsy of the esophagus confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. The patient was administered intravenous dexamethasone at a total dosage of 45 mg/day for 7 days. The eosinophil count dropped to the normal range, correlating with the improvement in dysphagia and aspiration. Eosinophilic esophagitis often presents in children and rarely involves the oropharyngeal structures. Due to its specific involvement of the esophagus, it seldom leads to aspiration. By contrast, the extension of eosinophilic inflammation from the esophagus to the oropharynx in this case resulted in atypical symptoms such as odynophagia and aspiration. The therapeutic approach can be challenging due to the difficulty in administering topical steroids, which are often the treatment of choice. However, the condition showed an excellent response to intravenous steroid therapy.
5.Guidelines for Manufacturing and Application of Organoids: Heart
Hyang-Ae LEE ; Dong-Hun WOO ; Do-Sun LIM ; Jisun OH ; C-Yoon KIM ; Ok-Nam BAE ; Sun-Ju AHN
International Journal of Stem Cells 2024;17(2):130-140
Cardiac organoids have emerged as invaluable tools for assessing the impact of diverse substances on heart function.This report introduces guidelines for general requirements for manufacturing cardiac organoids and conducting cardiac organoid-based assays, encompassing protocols, analytical methodologies, and ethical considerations. In the quest to employ recently developed three-dimensional cardiac organoid models as substitutes for animal testing, it becomes imperative to establish robust criteria for evaluating organoid quality and conducting toxicity assessments. This guideline addresses this need, catering to regulatory requirements, and describes common standards for organoid quality and toxicity assessment methodologies, commensurate with current technological capabilities. While acknowledging the dynamic nature of technological progress and the potential for future comparative studies, this guideline serves as a foundational framework. It offers a comprehensive approach to standardized cardiac organoid testing, ensuring scientific rigor, reproducibility, and ethical integrity in investigations of cardiotoxicity, particularly through the utilization of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids.
6.Primary malignant melanoma of cervix and vagina.
Jae Hoon LEE ; Jisun YUN ; Jung Won SEO ; Go Eun BAE ; Jeong Won LEE ; Sang Wun KIM
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2016;59(5):415-420
Primary malignant melanoma (MM) accounts for 1% of all cancers, and only 3% to 7% of these tumors occur in the female genital tract. Data are limited with respect to the basis for treatment recommendations because of the rarity of MM. The overall prognosis of melanomas of the female genital tract is very poor. Two cases of MM of the female genital tract are presented. The first case is of a 70-year-old female patient who complained of left thigh pain and underwent magnetic resonance imaging that showed cervical cancer with involvement of the vagina, bladder, and parametrium, in addition to multiple bony metastases of the proximal femur, acetabulum, and both iliac bones. The second case is of a 35-year-old female patient who suffered from vaginal bleeding for 5 months, and she was diagnosed as having primary vaginal melanoma. The patient underwent radical surgery and two additional surgeries because of recurrence of cancer in both inguinal areas. After surgery, the patient received adjuvant immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In both the aforementioned cases, the pathologic diagnosis was made after immunohistochemical analysis, i.e., the tumor cells were stained with HMB-45 and S100, and were found to be positive for both immunostains.
Acetabulum
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Adult
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Aged
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Cervix Uteri*
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Diagnosis
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Drug Therapy
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Female
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Femur
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Humans
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Immunotherapy
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Melanoma*
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Neoplasm Metastasis
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Prognosis
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Recurrence
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Thigh
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Urinary Bladder
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Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
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Uterine Hemorrhage
;
Vagina*
7.Primary malignant melanoma of cervix and vagina.
Jae Hoon LEE ; Jisun YUN ; Jung Won SEO ; Go Eun BAE ; Jeong Won LEE ; Sang Wun KIM
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science 2016;59(5):415-420
Primary malignant melanoma (MM) accounts for 1% of all cancers, and only 3% to 7% of these tumors occur in the female genital tract. Data are limited with respect to the basis for treatment recommendations because of the rarity of MM. The overall prognosis of melanomas of the female genital tract is very poor. Two cases of MM of the female genital tract are presented. The first case is of a 70-year-old female patient who complained of left thigh pain and underwent magnetic resonance imaging that showed cervical cancer with involvement of the vagina, bladder, and parametrium, in addition to multiple bony metastases of the proximal femur, acetabulum, and both iliac bones. The second case is of a 35-year-old female patient who suffered from vaginal bleeding for 5 months, and she was diagnosed as having primary vaginal melanoma. The patient underwent radical surgery and two additional surgeries because of recurrence of cancer in both inguinal areas. After surgery, the patient received adjuvant immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In both the aforementioned cases, the pathologic diagnosis was made after immunohistochemical analysis, i.e., the tumor cells were stained with HMB-45 and S100, and were found to be positive for both immunostains.
Acetabulum
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Adult
;
Aged
;
Cervix Uteri*
;
Diagnosis
;
Drug Therapy
;
Female
;
Femur
;
Humans
;
Immunotherapy
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Melanoma*
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Prognosis
;
Recurrence
;
Thigh
;
Urinary Bladder
;
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
;
Uterine Hemorrhage
;
Vagina*
8.Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide Inhibits Pacemaker Activity of Colonic Interstitial Cells of Cajal.
Mei Jin WU ; Keun Hong KEE ; Jisun NA ; Seok Won KIM ; Youin BAE ; Dong Hoon SHIN ; Seok CHOI ; Jae Yeoul JUN ; Han Seong JEONG ; Jong Seong PARK
The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2015;19(5):435-440
This study aimed to investigate the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in mouse colon and to identify the underlying mechanisms of PACAP action. Spontaneous pacemaker activity of colonic ICC and the effects of PACAP were studied using electrophysiological recordings. Exogenously applied PACAP induced hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and inhibited pacemaker frequency in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.1 nM to 100 nM). To investigate cyclic AMP (cAMP) involvement in the effects of PACAP on ICC, SQ-22536 (an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase) and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP were used. SQ-22536 decreased the frequency of pacemaker potentials, and cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP increased the frequency of pacemaker potentials. The effects of SQ-22536 on pacemaker potential frequency and membrane hyperpolarization were rescued by co-treatment with glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker). However, neither N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase) nor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase) had any effect on PACAP-induced activity. In conclusion, this study describes the effects of PACAP on ICC in the mouse colon. PACAP inhibited the pacemaker activity of ICC by acting through ATP-sensitive K+ channels. These results provide evidence of a physiological role for PACAP in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility through the modulation of ICC activity.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
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Animals
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Cell Membrane
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Colon*
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Cyclic AMP
;
Glyburide
;
Interstitial Cells of Cajal*
;
Membranes
;
Mice
;
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
;
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide*
9.Re-Assessment of Applicability of Greulich and Pyle-Based Bone Age to Korean Children Using Manual and Deep Learning-Based Automated Method
Jisun HWANG ; Hee Mang YOON ; Jae-Yeon HWANG ; Pyeong Hwa KIM ; Boram BAK ; Byeong Uk BAE ; Jinkyeong SUNG ; Hwa Jung KIM ; Ah Young JUNG ; Young Ah CHO ; Jin Seong LEE
Yonsei Medical Journal 2022;63(7):683-691
Purpose:
To evaluate the applicability of Greulich-Pyle (GP) standards to bone age (BA) assessment in healthy Korean children using manual and deep learning-based methods.
Materials and Methods:
We collected 485 hand radiographs of healthy children aged 2–17 years (262 boys) between 2008 and 2017. Based on GP method, BA was assessed manually by two radiologists and automatically by two deep learning-based BA assessment (DLBAA), which estimated GP-assigned (original model) and optimal (modified model) BAs. Estimated BA was compared to chronological age (CA) using intraclass correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis, linear regression, mean absolute error, and root mean square error. The proportion of children showing a difference >12 months between the estimated BA and CA was calculated.
Results:
CA and all estimated BA showed excellent agreement (ICC ≥0.978, p<0.001) and significant positive linear correlations (R2 ≥0.935, p<0.001). The estimated BA of all methods showed systematic bias and tended to be lower than CA in younger patients, and higher than CA in older patients (regression slopes ≤-0.11, p<0.001). The mean absolute error of radiologist 1, radiologist 2, original, and modified DLBAA models were 13.09, 13.12, 11.52, and 11.31 months, respectively. The difference between estimated BA and CA was >12 months in 44.3%, 44.5%, 39.2%, and 36.1% for radiologist 1, radiologist 2, original, and modified DLBAA models, respectively.
Conclusion
Contemporary healthy Korean children showed different rates of skeletal development than GP standard-BA, and systemic bias should be considered when determining children’s skeletal maturation.
10.Mortality Burden Due to Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Korea
Jongmin OH ; Youn-Hee LIM ; Changwoo HAN ; Dong-Wook LEE ; Jisun MYUNG ; Yun-Chul HONG ; Soontae KIM ; Hyun-Joo BAE
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2024;57(2):185-196
Objectives:
Excess mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been documented. However, research on the disease burden following short-term exposure is scarce. We investigated the cause-specific mortality burden of short-term exposure to PM2.5 by considering the potential non-linear concentration–response relationship in Korea.
Methods:
Daily cause-specific mortality rates and PM2.5 exposure levels from 2010 to 2019 were collected for 8 Korean cities and 9 provinces. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality levels. We assumed no detrimental health effects of PM2.5 concentrations below 15 μg/m3. Overall deaths attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure were estimated by summing the daily numbers of excess deaths associated with ambient PM2.5 exposure.
Results:
Of the 2 749 704 recorded deaths, 2 453 686 (89.2%) were non-accidental, 591 267 (21.5%) were cardiovascular, and 141 066 (5.1%) were respiratory in nature. A non-linear relationship was observed between all-cause mortality and exposure to PM2.5 at lag0, whereas linear associations were evident for cause-specific mortalities. Overall, 10 814 all-cause, 7855 non-accidental, 1642 cardiovascular, and 708 respiratory deaths were attributed to short-term exposure to PM2.5. The estimated number of all-cause excess deaths due to short-term PM2.5 exposure in 2019 was 1039 (95% confidence interval, 604 to 1472).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate an association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and various mortality rates (all-cause, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory) in Korea over the period from 2010 to 2019. Consequently, action plans should be developed to reduce deaths attributable to short-term exposure to PM2.5.