Sturgeon aqua-cultured in Korea is mainly Acipenser ruthenus and its culture began in the early 2000's. In this study, Carnobacterium sp. was isolated from unprocessed caviar of aqua-cultured Acipenser ruthenus. The 16s rRNA nucleotide sequence obtained from Carnobacterium sp. isolate (accession no. KM236206) was deposited with GenBank and homologous with Carnobacterium divergens DSM 20623 and NBRC15683 strain. In conclusion, this is first report of isolation of Carnobacterium sp. from caviar of Acipenser ruthenus aqua-cultured in Korea. In the future, it must be ascertained whether Carnobacterium sp. degenerate of caviar or cause diseases in sturgeon.
Base Sequence ; Carnobacterium* ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Korea

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antenatal depression in pregnant women and its influencing factors. METHODS: With a cross-sectional survey design, a total of 396 pregnant women were recruited from a local obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Measurements included antenatal depression, perceived stress, predictors of depression during pregnancy, and demographic and obstetric characteristics. RESULTS: Mean antenatal depression score was 8.20 (standard deviation=4.95) out of 30, falling into its normal range. However, the prevalence of antenatal depression was 35.9% when cut-point of 9/10 was used. The prevalence of antenatal depression among women in the first trimester was 31.4%. It was slightly increased to 34.9% in the second trimester but significantly increased to 40.5% in the third trimester. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing prenatal anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 4.16), having no job (OR, 2.90), lower self-esteem (OR, 1.62), and higher perceived stress (OR, 1.32) were significant factors influencing antenatal depression. CONCLUSION: Negative feeling such as feeling anxious, lower self-esteem, and higher perceived stress during pregnancy are key factors affecting antenatal depression. Thus, antenatal nursing intervention focusing on pregnant women's feeling upon their job status is necessary to improve their antenatal psychological well-being.
Accidental Falls ; Anxiety ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Health ; Nursing ; Obstetrics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVE: To define optimal method that calculate the safe direction of cervical pedicle screw placement using computed tomography (CT) image based three dimensional (3D) cortical shell model of human cervical spine.METHODS: Cortical shell model of cervical spine from C3 to C6 was made after segmentation of in vivo CT image data of 44 volunteers. Three dimensional Cartesian coordinate of all points constituting surface of whole vertebra, bilateral pedicle and posterior wall were acquired. The ideal trajectory of pedicle screw insertion was defined as viewing direction at which the inner area of pedicle become largest when we see through the biconcave tubular pedicle. The ideal trajectory of 352 pedicles (eight pedicles for each of 44 subjects) were calculated using custom made program and were changed from global coordinate to local coordinate according to the three dimensional position of posterior wall of each vertebral body. The transverse and sagittal angle of trajectory were defined as the angle between ideal trajectory line and perpendicular line of posterior wall in the horizontal and sagittal plane. The averages and standard deviations of all measurements were calculated.RESULTS: The average transverse angles were 50.60º±6.22º at C3, 51.42º ±7.44º at C4, 47.79º ±7.61º at C5, and 41.24º ±7.76º at C6. The transverse angle becomes more steep from C3 to C6. The mean sagittal angles were 9.72º ±6.73º downward at C3, 5.09º±6.39º downward at C4, 0.08º ±6.06º downward at C5, and 1.67º ±6.06º upward at C6. The sagittal angle changes from caudad to cephalad from C3 to C6.CONCLUSION: The absolute values of transverse and sagittal angle in our study were not same but the trend of changes were similar to previous studies. Because we know 3D address of all points constituting cortical shell of cervical vertebrae. we can easily reconstruct 3D model and manage it freely using computer program. More creative measurement of morphological characteristics could be carried out than direct inspection of raw bone. Furthermore this concept of measurement could be used for the computing program of automated robotic screw insertion.
Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Methods ; Pedicle Screws ; Spine ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: Early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure especially during the first several months after fistula creation makes the patient, physician and surgeon frustrated. To evaluate the patency rate of arteriovenous fistulas which were made for hemodialysis, we analyzed three different protocols pre- and peri-operatively in our hospital. METHOD: From January 1983 through December 1998, total 2,078 cases of AVF were done in 1,711 patients. During the first period (from 1983 to 1988, n=280), all of the AVFs were performed with naked eyes but during the second period (from 1989 to 1993, n=770), we used surgical loupe and microvascular anastomosing technique. During the third period (from 1994 to 1998, n=1,028), besides using surgical loupe, patients were treated peri-operatively with certain volumes of fluid to maintain the systolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg, venogram and duplex sonogram to identify an available vein before AVF creation, aggressive salvage procedures and use of aspirin after fistula creation. RESULT: There were no differences between each periods in their age distribution, sex ratio, serum creatinine level, associated diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin level except significantly low incidence of hypotension at the time of operation in period 3. The early fistula failure rate at 3 months decreased in period 2, 3 than period 1 (6.9%, 6.7% vs 12.7%) and showed statistical significance (p<0.05). The rate of fistulas that is patent more than 3 months and continued at the end of 12 months were no difference between the periods. Frequency of re-AVF within 3 months in period 1 was significantly higher than period 2, 3 which suggested improved early patency in later periods. The center ability to manage the created AVF checked by rate of re-AVF showed significant difference between our hospital and other local dialysis centers. The patency of primary AVF in each period was 69.7%, 75.2%, 77.5% at one year but that of re-AVF were 77.7%, 86.3% and 80.2%. CONCLLUSION: Microsurgical technic under surgical loupe improved primary AVF patency and decreased early failure rate. Also a protocoled perioperative management, improved management skill and experiences of dialysis center might decrease the re-AVF rate.
Age Distribution ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Aspirin ; Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Renal Dialysis ; Sex Ratio ; Veins

Background: Recent studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes and hypertension in adults. However, this association has not been sufficiently studied in cases of prediabetes and prehypertension. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D levels and prediabetes and prehypertension in Korean adults. Methods: Data from 1,808 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. The odds ratio of prediabetes and prehypertension according to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) status was calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different among females with normal glucose levels, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus. Further, the mean levels were not significantly different in both males and females of all ages with normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and hypertension. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were not significantly associated with the odds ratio of prediabetes and prehypertension after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, calcium supplement intake, income, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Conclusion Serum vitamin D status was not independently associated with the risks of prediabetes and prehypertension in Korean adults.

Background: Recent evidence has reported the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) insufficiency and chronic diseases. This study examined the association of physical activity and sitting time with vitamin D status. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 1,598 adults aged ≥19 who participated in the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of ≤20 ng/mL. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of vitamin D insufficiency according to physical activity and sitting time were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean levels of serum 25(OH)D were 16.5 ng/mL in males and 15.2 ng/mL in females, respectively and was significantly higher in the participants with sitting times of <5 hours/day than those with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day. After adjusting for confounding variables, sitting time of <5 hours/day was associated with decreased odds of vitamin D insufficiency as compared with sitting time of ≥5 hours/day in the total participants and females. In addition, the odds ratio for vitamin D insufficiency was significantly lower in the group with sitting times of <5 hours/ day than in the group with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day even among people with low physical activity in the total participants and females. Conclusion Serum 25(OH)D level was insufficient in the Korean adults and shorter sitting time was related to lower odds ratio of vitamin D insufficiency. Our findings suggest that sitting time is an independent factor of serum vitamin D status.

Synthetic cannabinoids are one of most abused new psychoactive substances. The recreational use of abused drug has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of these drugs on infection. However, the effects of synthetic cannabinoid on resistance to tetanus toxin are not fully understood yet. In the present study, we aimed to determine if the administration of synthetic cannabinoids increase the susceptibility to tetanus toxin-induced motor behavioral deficit and functional changes in cerebellar neurons in mice. Furthermore, we measured T lymphocytes marker levels, such as CD8 and CD4 which against tetanus toxin. JWH-210 administration decreased expression levels of T cell activators including cluster of differentiation (CD) 3ε, CD3γ, CD74p31, and CD74p41. In addition, we demonstrated that JWH-210 induced motor impairment and decrement of vesicle-associated membrane proteins 2 levels in the cerebellum of mice treated with tetanus toxin. Furthermore, cerebellar glutamatergic neuronal homeostasis was hampered by JWH-210 administration, as evidenced by increased glutamate concentration levels in the cerebellum. These results suggest that JWH-210 may increase the vulnerability to tetanus toxin via the regulation of immune function.
Animals ; Cannabinoids ; Cerebellar Diseases* ; Cerebellum ; Glutamic Acid ; Homeostasis ; Immunosuppression* ; Mice* ; Neurons ; R-SNARE Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tetanus ; Tetanus Toxin

Although lisdexamfetamine is used as a recreational drug, little research exists regarding its potential for dependence or its precise mechanisms of action. This study aims to evaluate the psychoactivity and dependence profile of lisdexamfetamine using conditioned place preference and self-administration paradigms in rodents. Additionally, biochemical techniques are used to assess alterations in the dopamine levels in striatal synaptosomes following administration of lisdexamfetamine. Lisdexamfetamine increased both conditioned place preference and self-administration. Moreover, after administration of the lisdexamfetamine, dopamine levels in the striatal synaptosomes were significantly increased. Although some modifications should be made to the analytical methods, performing high performance liquid chromatography studies on synaptosomes can aid in predicting dependence liability when studying new psychoactive substances in the future. Collectively, lisdexamfetamine has potential for dependence possible via dopaminergic pathway.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Dopamine ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate* ; Rodentia ; Synaptosomes

Although lisdexamfetamine is used as a recreational drug, little research exists regarding its potential for dependence or its precise mechanisms of action. This study aims to evaluate the psychoactivity and dependence profile of lisdexamfetamine using conditioned place preference and self-administration paradigms in rodents. Additionally, biochemical techniques are used to assess alterations in the dopamine levels in striatal synaptosomes following administration of lisdexamfetamine. Lisdexamfetamine increased both conditioned place preference and self-administration. Moreover, after administration of the lisdexamfetamine, dopamine levels in the striatal synaptosomes were significantly increased. Although some modifications should be made to the analytical methods, performing high performance liquid chromatography studies on synaptosomes can aid in predicting dependence liability when studying new psychoactive substances in the future. Collectively, lisdexamfetamine has potential for dependence possible via dopaminergic pathway.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Dopamine ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate* ; Rodentia ; Synaptosomes