In this paper, we make a report on new records of medicinal plants in Hubei, which include one newly recorded genera and seven newly recorded species and a newly recorded variety. The newly recorded genera is Anoectochilus and its corresponding species is Anoectochilus roxburghii; These newly recorded species are Euphorbia micractina, Astragalus wulingensis, Blumea megacephala, Potentilla saundersiana, Blumea formosana, Lycoris houdyshelii and Colocasia gigantea ; The newly recorded variety is Neottia puberula var. maculata. Among these species, Anoectochilus roxburghii and N. puberula var. maculata are considered as the second-class protection in our country, A. roxburghii is regarded as Endangered（EN）and Astragalus wulingensis is regarded as Critically Endangered (CN) by IUCN. The report of these newly recorded plants borden the distribution and enrich the plant diversity of Hubei.

Objective: To understand the potential categories of health risk behaviors among adolescents in the Wuling Mountain Area and their association with school connectedness, so as to provide reference for formulating classified and effective intervention measures. Methods: From March to June 2023, 3 386 middle and high school students from eight schools in the Wuling Mountain Area were selected using the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. A basic information questionnaire, health risk behaviors questionnaire, and school connectedness scale were utilized for the survey. The latent classes of adolescent health risk behaviors in the Wuling Mountain Area were investigated by using latent class analysis, while an multinomial Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between latent classes and school connectedness. Results: Adolescent health risk behaviors in the Wuling Mountains Area were classified into three latent classes: high risk class of episodic behaviors ( 5.64 %), high risk class of implicit behaviors (26.90%), and low risk class of implicit behaviors (67.45%). Gender, ethnicity, and family type revealed significant differences in the distribution of the three latent classes ( χ 2=117.91, 22.55, 21.51, P <0.05). The results of the regression model analysis showed that, with the low risk class as the reference category, high school connectedness scores were associated with the high risk class of episodic behaviors ( OR=0.89, 95%CI = 0.88- 0.91) and the high risk class of implicit behaviors ( OR=0.90, 95%CI =0.89-0.91)( P <0.05). Conclusions The characteristics of adolescent health risk behavior classes in the Wuling Mountain Area are obvious. The high risk class of episodic behaviors and the high risk class of implicit behaviors are negatively correlated with school connectedness. Corresponding measures should be taken to enhance adolescents sense of belonging in school and reduce the aggregation and co occurrence of health risk behaviors.

Objective: To understand the potential categories of harmful behaviors of college students in Wuling Mountain Area and its relationship with campus bullying, so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the development of college students physical and mental health. Methods: The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 042 college students from six universities in Wuling Mountain Area from October to December, 2022. The "Chinese Youth Health Related/Risk Behaviors Questionnaire" (University Edition) compiled by the National Youth Health Related/Risk Behaviors Survey Group was used to investigate the health risk behaviors. The potential category analysis method was used to analyze the food preference, insecurity, fighting, loneliness, depression, insomnia, heartbreak, suicidal ideation, smoking, drinking, game addiction, Internet addiction of health risk behaviors were used to further analyze the relationship between different categories and campus bullying by using multi category Logistic regression method. Results: College students in Wuling Mountain Area were classified into low risk group of category 1 (44.2%), category 2 (5.4%) substance dependent group, category 3(50.4%) emotional disorder group. The distribution of potential categories of health risk behaviors among college students was statistically significant by gender( χ 2=31.44, 11.69， P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling demographic variables, campus bullying was the risk factor of category 3 emotional disorder group( OR =1.88, P <0.01). Conclusion bullying. Colleges and universities should attach great importance to the occurrence of campus bullying, formulate intervention programs for different categories of health hazard behaviors, and promote the healthy development of college students physical and mental health.

Objective To investigate the somatotype characteristics of Dong adults in rural areas of Hu'nan province. Methods The Heath-Carter somatotyping method was used to study the somatotype of 749 adults (304 males and 445 females) of Dong in the rural areas of Hu'nan. Results The mean somatotype in males of Dong was endomorph- mesomorph category (4.83-4.95-1.80) and was mesomorphic endomorph category (6.09-4.68-1.37) in females. With their age increasing, the values of endomorphy decreases gradually in males, the values of endomorphy of females and mesomorphy of males and females increased at first and then decreased gradually, the values of ectomorphy of males and females decreased at first and then increased. The values of endomorphy of males were significantly lower than those of females with the same age groups, and the values of mesomorphy and the values of ectomorphy of males were significantly higher than those of females in some age groups. Compared with other ethnic groups, the values of endomorphy of Dong were larger, the values of mesomorphy were smaller, and the values of ectomorphy were in a middle level. Conclusion Adults of Dong in Hu'nan have thick subcutaneous fat, underdeveloped skeletal and muscular systems, and medium linearity. The somatotype of Dong adults in Hu'nan is close to that of Jiangsu Han, Fujian Han and Liaoning Han.

BACKGROUNDProlactin (PRL) is a pituitary polypeptide hormone characterized by multiple biological actions including stimulation of growth in the prostate and formation of secretory alveoli and stimulation of milk protein gene expression in the mammary gland. PRL exerts its effect by dimerizing its receptor (PRLR) on the plasma membrane and regulating gene expression through the JAK-Stat signal pathway. We have previously described a natural variant of the PRLR in which the S2 subdomain of the extracellular domain is missing (Delta S2). Delta S2 PRLRs are dimerized in the absence of PRL and have constitutive activity in the promotion of breast cancer cell growth. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), as one of the histone-modifying enzymes, is a key factor regulating gene expression by epigenetic modification. We hypothesized that these constitutive activated Delta S2 PRLRs played a pathogenic role in breast cancer in part through alterations in the expression of EZH2 and the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 (H3K27Me3).

METHODSIn order to verify the clinical significance and to establish the link between Delta S2 PRLR expression and epigenetic change, EZH2, H3K27Me3, and Delta S2 PRLR were detected in both normal and cancerous human breast tissues. Also, overexpression of Delta S2 PRLR in breast epithelial cells was achieved by infection with adenovirus carrying the cDNA. Western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP assay) and acid histone extraction were applied to detect the expression of EZH2 and the trimethylation of histone 3, respectively.

RESULTSIn breast tissue, higher EZH2 expression and higher H3K27Me3 were found associated with higher Delta S2 expression in breast cancer samples. In breast epithelial cells, overexpression of Delta S2 PRLR increased EZH2 methyltransferase mRNA and protein, induced EZH2 methyltransferase recruitment to chromatin, increased the trimethylation of H3K27Me3, and decreased the expression of p53 gene.

CONCLUSIONSDelta S2 PRLR plays an important pathogenic role in breast cancer through epigenetic modification. Elevated expression of Delta S2 PRLR, achieved by alternate splicing of the pre-mRNA of the full-length form, is a new mechanism contributing to human breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Prolactin ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Seven species were reported as new records of Jiangxi province, which collected from Wugongshan region, including Huperzia kunmingensis(Lycopodiaceae), Hydrangea mangshanensis(Saxifragaceae), Itea glutinosa(Saxifragaceae), Stellaria monosperma var. japonica(Lycopodiaceae), Youngia pratti(Compositae), and Calanthe henryi(Orchidaceae), Collabium formosanum(Orchidaceae). Among these species, H. kunmingensis, H. mangshanensis, I. glutinosa, Y. pratti and C. henryi are endemic in China. C. henryi is stenotopic distribution in China and regarded as vulnerable endangered plant by IUCN. The report is of great significance to the plant diversity and floristic composition in Jiangxi. All the specimens examined are preserved in Jishou University (JIU) and Sun yat-sen University (SYS).

Objective : To identify the main components in the extracts of different parts of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and investigate their hypoglycemic activities. Methods: The MS fragmentation pathways of the main types of compounds in Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) were studied, and the main components in the extracts were systematically identified using MS fragmentation pathways combined with MS mining technology. Based on the hyperglycemia male mouse model [specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade Kunming mice] induced by streptozotocin (intragastric administration of 80 mg/kg for 3 d), the hypoglycemic effects of extracts of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers were evaluated by measuring the changes of blood glucose, daily water consumption, daily food intake, and body weight. Result: The MS fragmentation pathways of regalosides, dioscins, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids in Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) were clarified, and a mining method for compounds in this plant was constructed. A total of 58 compounds, including 6 chlorogenic acids, 14 regalosides, 13 phenylpropanoids, 5 flavonoids, and 20 dioscins, were identified from the roots, stems, corms, leaves, and flowers of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium). Among them, 30 compounds were reported for the first time from this plant. The root and corm extracts demonstrated significant hypoglycemic activities by reducing blood glucose levels from 23.76 ± 1.21 and 24.29 ± 1.35 mmol/L to 17.21 ± 1.23 and 18.78 ± 1.49 mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). The roots and corms extracts could also attenuate the symptoms of polydipsia (P < 0.01), polyphagia (P < 0.05), and weight loss caused by diabetes. Conclusion This study clarifies that the roots of Juandan Baihe (Lilium lancifolium) are rich in regalosides and dioscins for the first time, and have significant hypoglycemic activities, providing the foundation for the comprehensive utilization of this plant and the development of hypoglycemic drugs.

Objective: To determine health risk behaviors and cluster patterns among adolescents from four minorities in rural of Wuling mountainous area, and to provide a reference for health education for adolescents in ethnic minority areas. Methods: Totally 4 162 teenagers from 8 rural middle schools of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Dong Autonomous County of Tongdao, Huaihua, Bai Minority Village of Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie, were selected with multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire to collect information on health risk behaviors from September to October, 2018. Cluster patterns of health risk behaviors were analyzed by sex by two-step cluster method. Results: The occurrence rates of the behaviors of the adolescents from four minorities of smoking, drinking, walking violations, unsafe swimming, fighting, suicide idea, feeling lonely constantly, frequent sleeplessness, depression, internet addiction were 18.9%, 31.0%, 49.6%, 32.3%, 28.6%, 18.3%, 16.3%, 12.4%, 16.3%, 6.7% respectively, among which the highest occurrence rates were Tujia teenagers’ fight(31.4%), Miao teenagers’ unsafe swimming(45.1%), Dong teenagers’ drinking(34.8%), Bai teenagers’ walking violation(52.9%). And the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Among the lowest risk group, there were 322 male students (16.4%) and 496 female students (22.5%); Among the moderate low group, there were 377 male students (19.3%) and 536 female students (24.3%); Among the implicit behavior high risk group, there were 518 male students (26.5%) and 758 female students(34.4%);Among the explicit behavior high risk group, there were 741 male students (37.8%) and 414 female students(18.8%). 23.1% of teenagers engaged in four or more types of health risk behaviors, with male higher than that of female(χ2=183.52, P<0.01), and the rate of Miao teenagers (28.2%) was the highest. Conclusion Health risk behaviors among minority adolescents in Wuling rural areas are prevalent and varied in ethnicity. Clustering of explicit risk behaviors in boys and implicit risk behaviors in girls were obvious. The hierarchical guidance and comprehensive intervention should be carried out on the basis of the characteristics of different minority teenagers’ health risk behaviors.

Pterocypsela is a very important traditional Chinese medicine from the tribe Cichorieae of Asteraceae. Mitotic chromosome numbers and karyotypes are reported for P. formosana and P. elata from Hunan and Hubei province, China. The former is new and the latter provide confirmation of previous reference. All P. taxa are diploidy with 2n = 18 and their basic number is tentatively suggested as x = 9. Karyotype of Pterocypsela is 2A and P. formosana with a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 18 = 4m + 14sm, and 2n = 2x = 18 = 2m + 8sm +8st for P. elata. It is the first time to report the AI value for Pterocypsela in this paper. Cytological data of chromosomal numbers and karyotypes were used to discuss the close relationships of the Pterocypsela genus and the taxonomy of the medicinal plants.
Asteraceae ; classification ; cytology ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Plant ; genetics ; Diploidy ; Karyotyping

The cp36 gene encoding an adhesive protein was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of rabbit P. multocida C51-3 strain, and cloned into the pMD18-T vector and then sequenced. The mature adhesive protein without a signal peptide of cpm36 gene was amplified by PCR from the recombinant plasmid pMD18-cp36, then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pQE30 to provide a recombinant plasmid pQE30-cpm36. The recombinant protein of CPM36 was produced in Escherichia coli M15 harboring the recombinant plasmid pQE30-cpm36 by IPTG induction, and the recombinant protein purified by the affinity chromatography with Ni(2+)-NTA resin. The sequence analyses showed that the ORF of cp36 gene was 1032 bp in length, and DNA homology of the cp36 genes between the C51-3 strain and the previously reported different serotype strains of P. multocida in GenBank was 76.9 to 100%. The SDS-PAGE analyses revealed a single fusion protein band with a molecular weight of 37 kD, and the Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the recombinant protein CPM36 and native 36 kD protein of C51-3 were recognized specifically by an antiserum against the recombinant protein, suggesting that the recombinant protein is an antigenic protein.
Adhesins, Bacterial ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pasteurella multocida ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; microbiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology