Objective To investigate the effects of HBcAg-specific CD8+T cells on inhibiting HBV replication in vitro,and to search the cytokine of noncytolytic mechanisms in viral clearance. Methods By the method of coculture of HepG2.2.15 cell (target cells) with HLA-A2 matched HBcAg-specific CD8+T cell clone (effector cells) at E:T ratios of 1:50,and monitoring HBV production (HBsAg,HBeAg,and HBV-DNA)in coculture supernatants at 24h,48h and 72h,the percentage of decrease in HBV replication level was observed. Furthermore,blocking experiment with neutralizing mAbs to IFN-? was performed to evaluate the effect of this cytokine. Results CD8+T clone produced high levels of IFN-?following coculture with 2.2.15 cells. HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV-DNA in coculture supernatants were significantly reduced,and the greatest effect was observed at 72h by 54.55%,50.36% and 74.55%,respectively. The reduction of HBV DNA was decreased followed by using neutralizing mAbs to IFN-?. The maximum activity of cytotoxicity of target cells was at 24h by 15.66%. Conclusion ①HBV-specific CD8+T cells inhibit HBV replication by cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms.②The effect of noncytolytic mechanisms is mainly mediated by IFN-?.

Objective To design a computer aided method in HIFU treatment system to monitor the size,shape and location of HIFU lesion automatically.Methods According to ultrasound image's characters of high noise,low resolution and weak edge,a double zero level set,double speed approach was proposed to extract the contour of organ and lesion area.The serial "lice" contours were used to reconstruct three dimension(3D) HIFU lesion area in the sample.Results Experiments show that level set contour extraction method based 3D reconstruction is helpful in monitoring the size,shape and location in the organ.Conclusion This method has the feasibility to be introduced as an auxiliary technique monitoring HIFU lesion area automatically.

Objective To establish a novel atherosclerosis model by inflammation in rats and investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Rb1.Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely the control group, model group (using zymosan A to induce inflammation) and Rb1-treated group (12 rats in each group).The rats were administered liquid paraffin (i.p.), zymosan A (20 mg/kg, i.p., once every 4 days) or zymosan A and Rb1 (40 mg/kg, i.p., once daily), respectively.All animals were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks.At scheduled time points, pathological changes in the aorta were observed using Sudan IV staining and transmission electron microscopy.White blood cell count was used to assess the inflammation.The expression of NFκB, TNFα, IL6 was evaluated by real time PCR, im-munohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively.Results Typical atherosclerotic changes such as fatty streaks, plaque, foam cells in the rats following zymosan A induction were alleviated by Rb1 treatment.In the Rb1-treated group, there was a markedly decreased expression of NFκB, TNFα, and IL6.Conclusion The model of atherosclerosis can be established by inflammation based on high-fat diet in rats.Rb1 inhibits atherosclerosis through anti-inflammatory effect.

A theoretical model for the magnetic forces on ferromagnetic drug particles in a guiding magnetic field is established with the consideration of the electromagnetic field theory. Our model shows that the ferromagnetic drug particles can concentrate on the targeted area with the guidance of the outside magnetic field. Both the distribution of the intensity of the guiding magnetic field and the forces on ferromagnetic drug particles are studied numerically. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported recently.

Objectives: To express HBeAg in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and compare the two types of HBeAg in the anti-HBeAg testing. Methods: HBeAg was expressed both in E.coli cells and in silk worm cells, purified by Sephacryl S-200.HBeAg protein concentration and antigenic titer were determined respectively by ultraviolet-spectroscopy and EIA. Results: HBeAg produced by E.coli cells: Activation ratio was 10 000/mg, HBeAg/HBcAg = 50; The specificity in testing anti-HbeAg was 96%;HBeAg produced by silk worm cells: Activation ratio was 160 000/mg, HBeAg/HBcAg = 5 000, The specificity in testing anti-HbeAg was 100%. Conclusions: HBeAg produced by eukaryotic cells contained much lower proportion of HbcAg and higher activation ratio, which therefore bring about a possibility to improve the quality of the kit for testing Anti-HBe.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists participating in anti-infective treatment for a child with complex infection. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in treatment process of one child with pulmonary infection and brain abscess after a near-drowning incident,assisted physicians to adjust antibiotics therapy plan,and put several suggestions as the adjustment of anti-gram-positive and anti-gram-negtive bacterium drugs,the dosage adjustment of vancomycin,vancomycin-induced ADR and disposal,the selection of anti-Pasteurella pneumotropica drugs,the enhancement of anti-fungal infection therapy,accord-ing to pathogen characteristics,treatment effect and ADR. RESULTS:Physicians partly adopted the advice of clinical pharmacists, the child’s pulmonary and brain infection were controlled effectively and ADR disappeared after 5 times of adjusting anti-infective the rapy plan. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists participate in the treatment process of one child with complex infection,and assist physicians to formulate safe and effective anti-infective plan according to the results of etiological examination;dispose ADR timely and carry out efficacy evaluation of antibiotics and pharmaceutical care,that can give positive effects on patient treatment.

Ultrasound based tissue thermal lesion non-invasive detection is of great significance in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) clinical application. In this paper, we propose a sub-pixel method to quantify the ultrasound image change caused by HIFU as correlation-distance. The support vector machine (SVM) was trained by using correlation distance as samples, and the recognition effect was tested. Results showed that sub-pixel cross-correlation vector field could reflect the ablation lesions position. SVM based classification method can recognize HIFU beam lesion degree effectively.
Algorithms ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Support Vector Machine

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical pharmacists participating in pharmaceutical consultation for children with urinary tract infection,and to improve rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:The information of 40 children with urinary tract infection consulted by clinical pharmacists were collected retrospectively from Jan. 2016 to Jan. 2017. The detection of pathogenic bacteria in urine culture,drug resistance of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria to commonly used antibiotics,clinical pharmacist consultation,outcome,the utilization of antibiotics before and after consultation were analyzed. RESULTS:Among 40 children,urine culture of 37 children was positive,and 58 strains were detected. Gram-positive bacteria were mainly Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis;resistance rates of E. faecium to penicillin,ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium were 100%;resistance rate of E. faecalis to high-concentration of gentamicin and tetracycline was higher than 50%. Both were completely sensitive to linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline. Gram-negative bacteria were mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae;resistance rates of them to penicillin,piperacillin were 100%;all of them showed low resistance to amikacin(21.43% to E. coli,20.00% to K. pneumoniae). The main reason for the consultation was the selection of antibiotics for drug-resistant bacteria infection;the following reason was the selection of antibiotics for mixed bacterial infection. The consultation advices of clinical pharmacists were mostly addition or replacement of antibiotics,followed by continuing the current treatment. Totally 37 cases were recovered from the hospital after receiving 40 times of consultation and adjusting medical orders. Before consultation,antibiotics with high utilization rate were piperacillin/tazobactam(11 cases)and roxavidospora(9 cases). After consultation,antibiotics with high utilization rate were vancomycin(8 cases)and amikacin(7 cases). CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists participate in pharmaceutical consultation of urinary tract infection in children,provide suggestions and adjust therapy plan from aspect of pharmacy to promote rational use of antibiotics and therapy efficacy.

Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly will seriously reduce their quality of life and life expectancy. For osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, spinal reconstruction is necessary, which should comprehensively consider factors such as the physical condition, fracture type, clinical characteristics and osteoporosis degree. While there lacks relevant clinical norms or guidelines on selection of spinal reconstruction strategies. In order to standardize the concept of spinal reconstruction for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, based on the principles of scientificity, practicality and progressiveness, the authors formulated the Clinical guideline for spinal reconstruction of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture in elderly patients ( version 2022), in which suggestions based on evidence of evidence-based medicine were put forward upon 10 important issues related to the fracture classification, non-operative treatment strategies and surgical treatment strategies in spinal reconstruction after osteoporosis thoracolumbar fracture in the elderly, hoping to provide a reference for clinical treatment.