The purpose of this review is to explain the function of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin identified so far. LL-37 is an integral part of the innate immune,the role of which in chronic sinusitis is attracting more and more s attention.
Cathelicidins ; metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Sinusitis ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the application of vascularized free fibula flaps in reconstruction of mandibular defect,and to evaluate the survival rate and repair effect of the method.Methods 16 patients with mandibular tumor,having a desire to reconstruct mandible,and their systemic state could tolerate the long time operation, were selected to reconstruct mandibular defect by vascularized fibula flaps,of which 12 were male,4 female,aged 24-66 years old,average 45.2 years old.The resection of primary tumor and free fibula flaps were simultaneously conducted,then the fibular flaps were shaped according to the defect location and size of the mandible,and were fixed with reconstructive titanium plate for repair and reconstruction of mandible. The survival of flaps was determined by skin color, texture, and skin temperature of the flaps. The reconstruction effects were evaluated through the patients’surface like photos and X-ray picture of mandible before and after operation.Results All of flaps were survived and no serious complications were found. The complications of the supplied sites were skin tension and wound dehiscence, which were healed by dressing. The mandibular reconstruction effects were good through 2 or more persons’double blind evaluation.Conclusion Free fibula flaps have high survival rate and good results in mandibular reconstruction,and they can meet the needs of various types of mandibular defect repair.

Objective To investigate the effect of heparin on the apoptosis and proliferation of human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 induced by vincristine.Methods K562 cells were pretreated by heparin for 1h,then cultured with 0.05 mg/L vincristine in 37℃ 5% CO2 for 24 h.Apoptosis of KS62 cells was evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining,flow cytometer and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis after culture for 24 hours.The effect of heparin on KS62 cell proliferation and toxicitv was determined by Trypan blue staining and MTT assay.Results In the apeptosis induced group,the apeptosis rate was 40.10% dected by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining.The hepafin in different concentrations was found to be able to inhibit the apoptosis of K562 cells triggered by vincristine and the apoptosis rate was 32.47%,29.7%,25.5%,19.53% in the heparin groups of 25,50,100,200 U/ml,respectively.The apeptosis rate was significantly lower in the apeptosis induced group than in the heparin groups of 25,50,100,200 U/ml(P＜0.05).The typical DNA ladder could be found in the apoptosis-induced group,and the DNA ladder gradually disappeared along with the increase of heparin(5～200 U/ml).The sub-G1 peak of K562 cells could be found in the induced group by FACS and the apoptosis rate was 21.61%.In the heparin groups of 25,50,100,200 U/ml,the sub-G1 Peak of K562 cells gradually dropped and the apoptosis rate was 13.64%,11.75%,8.59%,6.03%(P＜0.05),respectively.After K562 cells were incubated with different hepafin concentrations(5～200 U/ml)for 24 hours,there was no difference compared with the normal control group in both the total live cell numbers and the cell proliferation rate measured by trypan blue staining and MTT assay(P＞0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that heparin had no influence on KS62 cell toxicity and proliferation,but may inhibit the apoptosis of KS62 cells induced by vincristine.

Objective To observe the effect of δ-opioid receptor on proliferation and migration of human epidermal stem cells (hESCs) in vitro so as to offer treatment theory for skin injury.Methods hESCs from fresh foreskin tissues of normal young volunteers were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion and differential adherence technique.Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine expression of integrin β1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and flow cytometry was used for cell count.Second generation of cells were cultured for 5 consecutive days with keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM) supplemented with 1 nmol/L (D-Ala2,K-Leu5)-enkephalin in Group A,with K-SFM supplemented with 1 nmol/L naltrindole and 1 nmol/L (D-Ala2,K-Leu5)-enkephalin in Group B,and with isolated K-SFM in Group C.Cellular division and proliferation were detected by MTT method.An in vitro 100 μm scratch-wound model was created on the confluent monolayer cells at 24 hours of incubation.Cells migrating from the wound margin were determined by inverted phase contrast microscope at 24,48,72,and 96 hours after wound formation,while wound closure rate was calculated at 72 hours.Results Primary cultured hESCs presented cobblestone-like shape after adherence growth,Immunofluorescence staining showed positive results for integrin β1 and CK19 and cell purity reached 95.6％.Moreover,MTT findings revealed proliferation of hESCs enhanced significantly in Group A,but lowered in Group B as compared to Group C (P ＜ 0.05).hESCs migrated from the wound margin in all groups at 24 hours.However,more migrated cells were seen in Group A than in Group C and less in Group B than in Group C.Rate of wound closure was (89.5 ±0.7)％ in Group A,(76.1 ±0.3)％ in Group B,and (81.1 ±0.6)％ in Group C at 72 hours,indicating significant differences among groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of δ-opioid receptor promotes the proliferation and migration of hESCs in vitro and may be implicated in wound healing.

Objective To study the influence of post-void residual volume on prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods One hundred and sixty BPH patients who diagnosed by postoperative pathologic manifestations were selected.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to post-void residual volume with 40 cases each:non post-void residual volume (post-void residual volume ＜ 60 ml) group,less post-void residual volume (60 ml≤post-void residual volume ＜ 120 ml) group,middle post-void residual volume (120 ml ≤post-void residual volume ＜ 180 ml) group,mass post-void residual volume (post-void residual volume ≥180 ml) group.The serum PSA levels of 4 groups were observed.Results The PSA level in mass post-void residual volume group [(8.52 ± 6.72) iμ g/L] was significantly higher than that in non post-void residual volume group [(5.26 ± 4.16) μ g/L] and less post-void residual volume group [(5.93 ± 5.20) μ g/L],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05),there was no statistical difference between non post-void residual volume group and less post-void residual volume group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The serum PSA level in BPH patients with non post-void residual volume has no change,while the serum PSA level in BPH patients with mass post-void residual volume is significantly elevated.

Objective To investigate the minimal invasive management of cystitis glandularis with invasion of the ureteric meatus.Methods The clinical data of 18 cases were reviewed.Among the 18 cystitis glandularis patients,12 cases were invasion of bilateral ureteric meatus and 6 of unilateral ureteric meatus.Operation or drug treatment was performed on the diseases that can cause cystitis glandularis such as bladder stone,bladder neck stegnosis,external urethral meatus stegnosis and benign prostate hyperplasia.Sensitive antibiotic was administrated in all cases.After placing ureter catheter,transurethral plasma electro-resection was carried out in five patients whose ureteric meatus could be identified.In addition,of thirteen patients with ureteral orifice unable to be identified,there were ten cases with normal renal function,mitomycin was injected under affected membrana mucosa,and then the patient with ureteral orifice identified underwent transurethral plasma electro-resection after placing ureter catheter.On the other hand,the patient whose ureteral orifice still could not be recognized undertaken transurethral electro-resection at first,during which the ureter catheter was put once ureteral orifice had been detected,otherwise,the ureter catheter should be placed through cystoscope if nephritic colic emerged and hydronephrosis aggravated after operation.In those patients with kidney dysfunction,the ureter catheter was put by ureter discission or ureter replantation at first,the transurethral electro-resection could not be executed until the renal function recovered.Following all these procedure above,bladder instillation of drugs regularly,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment were administrated.Results One patient combined with bladder adenocarcinoma received cystectomy,of the other patients,six cases recurred and underwent electrotomy again resulting in no relapse.All nephrohydrops vanished or relieved obviously,nevertheless,urinary tract infection,haematuria and bladder-ureter backstreaming as the cardinal complication developed in some cases.Conclusion In the management of cystitis glandularis encroaching ureteric meatus,total or partial cystectomy can be avoided if ureter draining freely can be ensured,motivation removal,antiinfection,injection of drug under mucosa and preoperative diuresis conduce to the achievement of ureter catheter placing,transurethral plasma electro-resection is still effective methods in treating these cystitis glandularis.

Objective To discuss the treatment action and mechanism of Wenjing Tongluo Formula on oxaliplatin-induced perpheral neurotoxicity in rats. Methods Intraperitoneal injection was used to inject oxaliplatin 4 mg/kg to establish oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity rat models. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, and TCM group. TCM group was given Wenjing Tongluo Formula to soak rats’ limbs and tails. Rats in the model group were soaked with deionized water for comparison. Rats in the normal group received intraperitoneal injection with 5%glucose. Algesia hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis were detected under the mechanical stimulation and temperature. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of GFAP in L4-L6 spinal dorsal horn of rats. Explore the level of GLT-1 in L4-L6 dorsal root ganglia by RT-PCR. Results Rats in model group showed obvious behavioral changes compared with normal group (P<0.05);Rats in the TCM group improved in behavioristics compared with model group (P<0.01);number of positive cells in GFAP of rats in the model group increased compared with normal group (P<0.05);the increase in the TCM group was not obvious. Compared with normal group, astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn of model group were enlarged, protuberances increased, became coarse, and GLT-1 mRNA is decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, active cells and protuberances in the TCM group decreased (P<0.01), GLT-1 mRNA is increased (P<0.01). Conclusion Wenjing Tongluo Formula can improve behavioral changes of model rats under temperature and mechanical stimulation, probably related to harmful signal transmission induced by inhibition of astrocyte in spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To retrospectively investigate the causes , location and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds so as to provide data guidance for the prevention and research of these diseases. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds in plastic surgery center of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command were collected from June , 2011 to December, 2013. Whether ulceration was recovered in the patients with skin tissue defect after 2 months treatment was regarded as the standard to screen the patients with hard-to-heal wounds. The causes , location, age and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds were investigated by retrospective case-control method. Chi-square test and t-test were used in analyzing the investigation. Results 2 136 cases, aged from 20 to 86, were treated in plastic surgery center of the hospital. 120 cases have hard-to-heal wounds, which constituted 5.62% of all hospitalized patients. (1) Metabolic disease was the main causes of wound (43.3%), followed by wound infection and tumor (20.0% for each) (χ2 = 62.917, P < 0.01). ( 2 ) The peak age for patients with hard-to-heal wounds was 40 to 60 years old patients , followed by patients′age from 60 to 80 years. (3) The mostly like hard-to-heal wounds was on limbs (61.6%), especially on the foot (38.3%) (χ2 = 17.546, P = 0.002). (4) The average days for hospitalization of in the plastic surgery center were (7.41 ± 8.98), while the average days for hospitalization of the patients with years were (33.21 ± 28.27)(t = -9.968, P < 0.05). Conclusion The average diagnostic age of patients with hard-to-heal wounds is the middle and old aged patients. Chronic skin ulcers, which often occurs in a limb, seriously affects a person′s ability to move , which can prolong hospital stays , causing serious burden for the families of patients and the society.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of elastics drawing off balloon catheter for 24 hours on preventing bleeding after transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKRP).Methods Seven hundred patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TUPKRP in the Eighth People's Hospital of Shanghai from Jan.2005 to Jun.2013 were randomly divided into control group (298 cases) and experiment group (402 cases).Patients in control group after transurethral resection of the bladder were given treatment as follow:the bladder was placed with F22 cavity catheter,which were fixed on the medial femoral traction;prostate wound edge was pressed for 2-3 d and saline continuous irrigated bladder for avoiding infection.Patients in experiment group were given the same treatment with control group beside prostate wound pressed for 24 h.The days (1st,3rd,5th) of bleeding after operation,cases of hematuria turn clear,cases of postoperative blood transfusion and operation bleeding were recorded.Results Cases of hematuria disappeared postoperation at 1 st,3rd,5th days after operation were 52,42,24 cases in control group and 34,22,10 cases in experiment group.The differences were significant(x2 =6.608,9.279,7.624 ;P =0.010,0.002,0.006).Cases of blood transfusion and reoperation in experiment group were 6 and 2 cases,lower than that in control group(15,9 cases ; x2 =4.955,5.264 ; P =0.026,0.022).Conclusion The method of elastics drawing off balloon catheter for 24 hours improved the effect of preventing bleeding after TUPKRP.