Objective We aimed to provide references for nurses allocation by selecting the nursing items and measuring nursing time. Methods We recorded the nursing workload of 130 nurses in 10 wards within one week by literature review, Delphi method and questionnaire investigation. Results Totally 125 items of nursing items were included,101 of which were direct nursing items and 24 of which were indirect ones.The average time per day per patient was 185.1 minutes for level one nursing,95.4 minutes for level two nursing, 58.5 minutes for level three nursing.Average nursing time per day,working time per day per nurse and nursing time per day for per patient in each unit had statistical difference,P<0.05.The time for direct nursing items was 64.13% and for indirect nursing items was 35.87%. Conclusions Allocation of nurses according to measurement of nursing time could reach the aim of reasonable allocation and effective utilization of nursing human resource.

Objective To evaluate the development of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis on high resolution CT scans.Methods 269 cases,HRCT findings of the sphenoocipital synchondrosis ranged in age from 3 months to 74 years old were analysed.Four points were assessed on HRCT scans (a) The pattern of the synchondrosis, (b) The location and time of appearance of the ossification center in the synchondrosis, (c) The vestige of the synchondrosis after fusion of the sphenoid and occipital bones and (d) The development of sphenoid sinus.Results The pattern of the sphenooccipital synchondrosis could be classified into three types, including complete opening, partial and complete closure. The spheno-occipital synchondrosis was variable in shapes in opening group,a notch existed in 57 cases, the mean of the thickness of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was 1.8 mm, there was negative correlation between the thickness of the synchondrosis and the age (r= -0.92,P

The microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites.They have been paid more attention as being the emerging pathogen of human, so it is important to control microsporidiosis using fast and precise detecting technology.In order to provide a reference for controlling microsporidian infection effectively, this paper reviews the progress of studying on the detecting technology from the microscopic staining methods, immunological and molecular biology.

The protective effect of TGPs on acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) was investigated in mice . TGPs ( 40 or 80mg/kg?d ? 3d, ip ) reduced the elevation of plasma or serume gl- utamic pyruvic transaminase ( GPT ) and plasma lactate dehydroge-nase ( LDH ) in CCl4-intoxicated mice, but if had no significant influence on the elevation of plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase ( GOT).TGPs (40mg/kg?d ? 3d, ip ) showed a protective effect on the histopathologic changes of liver injury induced by CCl4. The results suggest that TGPs may a protect against hepatic damage.

OBJECTIVE:To study distribution and targeting of Gardenia jasminoides extract niosomes in rats. METHODS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes were prepared by modified thin film dispersion method. 30 rats were randomly divided into G. jasmin-oides extract group(57 mg/kg)and G. jasminoides extract liposome group(131 mg/kg)according to their weight. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 days. 1 h after last administration,heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney tissue were isolated,and HPLC method was adopted to the contents of active ingredients gardenoside in them. The targeting of G. jasminoides extract niosomes was evaluated by DTI quantitatively. RESULTS:Compared with G. jasminoides extract group, the contents of gardenoside in heart,spleen and brain tissue of rats increased significantly in G. jasminoides extract niosomes group (P<0.01),and DTI were 1.718,1.972 and 13.071;the contents of gardenoside in liver and kidney decreased significantly (P<0.01),and DTI were 0.431 and 0.467,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:G. jasminoides extract niosomes change the distribution of gardenoside in rats,showing brain targeting effect and decreasing first pass effect for liver.

Objective To assess the predicting value of homocysteine ( HCY), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) for women with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods To choose 115 patients with CAD and 102 patients of non-CAD;Homocysteine, LDL-C and IMT were assayed respectively;comparison and correlation analysis were performed based on genders. Results The rates for hyperhomocysteinemia and High Lipoproteinaemia in female CAD patients are 59. 6% and 75.0%,respectively,while they are 69. 9% and 78.6% for male CAD patients,which are both remarkably higher than 23.0% ,26.7%, 22. 2% and 23.6% in non-CAD patients ( Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). ROC curve shows that the best diagnostic boundary point is 0.953 mm for female IMT and 1. 021 mm for male IMT. At the boundary point,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value are 83.7% ,91.4% ,95.7% and 63. 8% in female, much higher than 62.9%, 65.3%, 76.2% and 53.3% in male. Conclusion hyperhomocysteinemia, high lipoproteinaemia are the important risk factors for women with coronary artery disease;IMT might be used as the predictor of CAD, which have more advantages for female than for male patients.

Objective To explore the effects of nifedipine combined with Magnesium Sulfate on the serum of patients with hypertension of pregnancy blood creatinine, uric acid and serum cystatin C level.Methods68 cases of patients with pregnancy induced hypertension from December 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected, according to the different treatment methods were divided into control group and experimental group, 34 cases in each group, the two groups were treated with conventional therapy and symptomatic treatment, the control group was given 25% Magnesium Sulfate Injection 20mL+5%, Glucose Injection 20mL, 8~10min intravenous injection, after 25% Magnesium Sulfate Injection 60mL+5% Glucose Injection 500mL intravenous drip, 1~2g/L,1 times a day, Phentolamine Mesilate Injection 20mg+5%, Glucose Injection 250mL intravenous drip, 30min drop, 1 times a day;The experimental group was given the Extended Release Nifedipine Tablets 30mg sublingual in the control group on the basis of 3 times a day.Two group of gestational age<38 weeks treatment time was seven days,, the end of pregnancy over 38 weeks of treatment time was three days.After treatment the clinical efficacy, serum creatinine, uric acid, cystatin C, alpha-fetoprotein and adverse pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter treatment,compared with the control group, the total effective rate of treatment group was higher (P<0.05), 2 groups of the blood serum uric acid, creatinine, Cystatin C and AFP levels were decreased (P<0.05), compared with the control group, the experimental group of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, Cystatin C and alpha fetoprotein level was lower (P<0.05).The experimental group, the complication rate was 5.88%, incidence rate of complications in the control group 14.71%, 2 groups of adverse pregnancy outcome rate comparison, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionNifedipine combined with Magnesium Sulfate significantly on clinical efficacy in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, decrease the level of serum creatinine, uric acid and serum cystatin C levels, improve the quality of pregnancy, drug safety is high.

Osteoporosis complicated with fracture is a common and severe condition. This paper summarizes present advances and new concepts in its treatment. Since the secondary osteoporosis will likely develop after fracture treatment with immobilization, more and more bone mass will get lost in addition to primary osteoporosis. A vicious cycle will be established and influence the fracture healing. Therefore, the key to the treatment is to block the vicious cycle to stop or decrease the bone loss. As a routine measure, to do exercises and weight- bearing activities as early as possible is as important as to take medicines for osteoporosis treatment. Stable internal fixation and prosthetic replacement should be firstly chosen for treatment of most fractures. In drug treatment, calcitonin, bisphosphonate (alendronate), HRT (Livial), vitamins D2 and D3, and calcium are indicated.

Objective Some researches showed that vascular risk factors might be related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are still disputes among neurologists. Therefore, it was our hope to explore the possible relationship between AD and vascular factors. Methods A case-control study including 155 cognitive normal controls and 91 possible AD patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital was conducted. The patients and controls were matched for gender, occupation and education level. The relationship between AD and vascular factors was analyzed by Logistic model. The level of statistical significance of differences in single factor and multivariate analysis was P

OBJECTIVE:To study the tumor targeting of RGD-PEG-liposomes METHODS:RGD-PEG-liposome was prepared by reverse phase evaporation method and combination with GRGDS peptide Tumor targeting was studied in Colon 26 tumor bearing mice RESULTS:RGD-PEG-liposomes showed good tumor targeting effect on colon 26 tumor bearing mice CONCLUSION:RGD containing polypeptide conjugated,long-cyclic lipsome may become a new-type,receptor-mediated targeting agent