Objective To investigate role of N-(30,40-dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA) in mediating the negative immune regulation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mice skin transplantation.Method The mice skin transplant model was established.T lymphocytes were isolated from mice splenocytes,and serum was collected.ELISA was applied to detect the IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations in culture supernates of mice spleen lymphocytes and serum.Flow cytometry was applied to examine the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and RT-PCR to analyze the IDO mRNA transcription.Results T lymphocyte proliferation was significantly decreased by 3,4-DAA and the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ were apparently decreased in 3,4-DAA group as compared with those in control group.The percentages of CD3 +,CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were lower,and the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + T lymphocytes was higher in 3,4-DAA disposal group than in control group,but there was no significant difference.IDO mRNA expression showed obvious increase in 3,4-DAA group as compared with control group.Conclusion 3,4-DAA can up-regulate the IDO expression to induce the increasing metabolism of tryptophan,subsequently inhibiting T cell proliferation and showing specific property of negative immune regulation.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) plus oral megestrol acetate (MA) as fertility-preserving treatment in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EEC). Methods: In this single-center, phase II study with open-label, randomized and controlled design, young patients (18–45 years) diagnosed with primary EEC were screened, who strongly required fertility-preserving treatment. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into MA group (160 mg oral daily) or MA (160 mg oral daily) plus LNG-IUS group. Pathologic evaluation on endometrium retrieved by hysteroscopy was performed every 3 months. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) rate within 16 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints were CR rate within 32 weeks of treatment, adverse events, recurrent and pregnancy rate. Results: Between July 2017 and June 2020, 63 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned. Totally 56 patients (26 in MA group; 28 in MA + LNG-IUS group) were included into primary-endpoint analyses. The median follow-up was 31.6 months (range, 3.1–94.0). No significant difference in 16-week CR rate were found between MA and MA + LNG-IUS groups (19.2% vs. 25.0%, p=0.610; odds ratio=1.40; 95% confidence interval=0.38–5.12), while the 32-week CR rates were also similar (57.1% and 61.5%, p=0.743), accordingly. More women in MA + LNG-IUS group experienced vaginal hemorrhage (46.4% vs. 16.1%; p=0.012) compared with MA group. No intergroup difference was found regarding recurrence or pregnancy rate. Conclusion Compared with MA alone, the addition of LNG-IUS may not improve the early CR rate for EEC, and may produce more adverse events instead.