Objective To explore the relationship between the common vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular reserve in the aged patients.Methods 700 patients with sex unlimited were selected from Zhejiang Hospital from July 2007 to July 2010.The clinical data about gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,bilateral carotid artery B ultrasonic examination were collected.The patients were divided into vascular risk factors group(n=400)aged(73.4± 6.8)years and control group(n=300)aged(72.4± 6.9)years.Intracranial vascular reaction was dertermined using transcranial doppler ultrasonography combined with breathholding test to calculate the breath-holding index(BHI)and evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.Results BHI in vascular risk factors group and control group were(0.57±0.18)and(0.97±0.31),respectively,and cerebrovascular reserve in the patients with vascular risk factors was decreased than without risk factors(t =10.87,P ＜ 0.01).Multifactor retrospective analysis showed hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes and smoking were related with cerebrovascular reserve(F=6.51,P =0.000),and the degree to influnce from small to large was followed by diabetes,hypertention,smoking and hyperlipidemia.Conclusions Cerebrovascular reserve is damaged in the aged patients with vascular risk factors.Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking may affect cerebrovascular reserves among which the greatest influence is in diabetes.

Objective: The influence on the blood glucose,ALB,LYM,K+,Na+,Cl-,TG,TC and so on after the use of different nutrition formula was observed in patients with cerebrovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.Methods: 40 patients who suffered from cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes were divided into two groups: one group using the ordinary formula and the others using special-purpose formula of diabetes.The levels of blood glucose,ALB,LYM,K+,Na+,Cl-,TG,TC were monitored.Results: The patient's blood glucose after use of ordinary formula rised obviously and insulin or the oral drug for decreasing blood glucose was used.The blood glucose in special-purpose diabetes formula group didn' t increase obviously,and there was not the need of using insulin(P

The microflora plays an important role in providing nutrients to the intestinal mucosal cells.The disruption of the intestinal microflora balance may modify the intestinal barrier function, and influence the health.Dietary fibre can be divided into solububle fibre and insoluable fibre.Insoluable fibre plays an important role in faecal bulking and prevention of constipation.The human body can obtain energy for growth and maintenance of cellular function from fermentation of solable fibre.

Objective To study the effects of sulodexide on islet B-cell function in streptozocin induced di-abetic rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group C), dia-betic group without treatment(group D), and suledexide treatment group(group S), a single dose of streptozotocin were abdominally injected to establish the diabetic rat models. Each animal in sulodexide treated group was addition-ally fed with sulodexide of 10 mg/(kg·d) for 12 weeks,while the remained group (group C and D) were given normal water in the same period. After 12 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting plasma insulin (FINS), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum creatinine rates (SCr) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Insulin sensitivity index(ISI) and insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results After 12 weeks, the levels of TG, LDL-C and ALT had no significant difference between group D and group S, but were higher than those in group C (P <0.05);There were no significant difference of SCr levels among the three groups. Compared with the group C, APTT, PT, TT and ISI in group D and S were significantly decreased, HOMA-IR were significantly increased (P < 0.05). APTT, PT, TT and ISI in group S had significantly increased compared with that in group D, HOMA-IR was significantly decreased in group S compared with that in group D (P < 0.01). Conclusions Sulodexide can reduce insulin resistant, improve hypercoagulability and insulin sensitiv-ity in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. The effects to blood lipid, liver and renal functions in diabetic rats are not obvious.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia,obesity,insulin resistance (IR)and various degrees of non.alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the risk factors of NAFLD.Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were divided into three groups(non-NAFLD group,mild NAFLD group,moderate and severe NAFLD group)by liver ultrasonography.Body height(H),weight(W),waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(H)were measured.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin A_1c(GHbA_1C),serum total cholesterol(TC),serunl high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),serum low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),serum triglyceride (TG),alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and fasting serum insulin(FINS)were measured.Body mass index(BMI),the waist to hip ratio(WHR)and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)were calculated.Unconditional logistic regression model was used to test for the risk factors of NAFLD.Results BMI、WC、WHR、HNS、HOMA.IR、TC、LDL-C、TG and ALT in NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-NAFLD group (P<0.05).The levels of BMI、WC、WHR、HNS、HOMA-IR、 TG and ALT increased significantly in moderate and severe NAFLD group compared with mild NAFLD group(P<0.05).TG、WHR and HOMA.IR were the risk factors of NAFLD(P<0.05,OR=2.394,3.273,5.256).Conclusions NAFLD in patients with T2DM had remarkable dyslipidemia,overweight,central obesity and insulin resistance.TG、WHR and HOMA.IR were risk factors of NAFLD.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of lower-extremity arterial disease in the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [Methods] One hundred fifty-one patients were investigated respectively. The patients were divided into two groups (NAFLD-Group and non-NAFLD group) by liver ultrasonography and disease history, then their clinical data were collected and compared in order to find the differences of biochemical indicators and the morbidity of lower-extremity arterial disease between two groups. [Results] Ninety-two cases (60.93%) were complicated with NAFLD. NAFLD group had higher levels of fast insulin and C peptide level, postprandial insulin and C peptide level, uric acid, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitive index than those of without NAFLD (P<0.05). One hundred and one cases(66.89%) were complicated with lower-extremity arterial disease. The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group (75% vs. 54.24%, P<0.01). [Conclusion] Both lower-extremity arterial disease and NAFLD are common complicated with type 2 diabetes. The morbidity of lower-extremity arterial diseases was higher in NAFLD group than that of without NAFLD group.

Objective Glucose metabolism trend was dynamicly mornitored following liver transplantation, and its affecting factors were assessed. Methods The glucose metabolism status were assessed at four time points respectively after liver transplants, then they were divided into two groups:normal glucose metabolism (NGM) and abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM). The clinical data were univariate analyzed and multivariate analyzed to screen the risk factors. Results At 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 3 years post-transplantation, the incidence of AGM were 74.0%, 43.9%, 29.4%, 24.1% respectively Between these two groups, age > 45 y had a significant difference at 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 3years post-transplantation; the use of tacrolimus had a significant difference at 3 months, 1 year and 3years post-transplantation, but the dose of tacrolimus or tacrolimus blood concentration showed no significant difference; high dose of glucocorticoid had significant difference at 1 month , 3 months post-transplantation; high BMI and acute rejection had significant difference at 1 month post-transplantation. Conclusions There is a high incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in the early stage post-transplantation, and a considerable number of patients' glucose metabolism improved in the later period. Age>45 y and tacrolimus affect glucose metabolism for a longer period post-transplants. High BMI and acute rejection have an impact on glucose metabolism only in the early stage post-transplantation. Large dose of glucocorticoid affect glucose metabolism for at least 3 months post-transplantation , and there is no significant difference after 1 year.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum cystatin C and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal uric protein.Methods According to the coronary artery lesion diagnosed by 320-dynamic volume CT,the 126 T2DM patients with normal uric protein were divided into three groups:no coronary stenosis group (group A,32 cases),coronary atherosclerosis group(group B,38 cases),coronary heart disease group (group C,56 cases).Then the serum cystatin C etc were compared among the three groups.Results The levels of serum cystatin C in group A,B,C were (0.89 ± 0.27),(1.31 ± 0.53),(1.54 ± 0.62) mg/L.With the increase of coronary artery lesions,it gradually increased,there was significant difference among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05).The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of serum cystatin C quartile.The incidence of coronary artery lesion in creased with the increased levels of serum cystatin C.The level of serum cystatin C increased from 75th percentile to 100th percentile,the incidence of coronary heart disease increased significantly (OR =8.32,P ＜0.05).The result of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that history of hypertension (regression coefficient 4.135,P =0.000),glycosylated hemoglobin (regression coefficient 1.257,P =0.002),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (regression coefficient 3.381,P =0.015),cystatin C (regression coefficient 2.046,P =0.030) were the independent risks of coronary heart disease in patients with T2DM.Conclusion The level of serum cystatin C may be a predictor for coronary heart disease in T2DM patients with normal uric protein.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the detection of SARS‑CoV‑2 in household environment and public place environment of Huangpu District, and describe the feature of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination in the environment exposure to the infected cases, so as to support the control strategies such as disinfection and health communication. Methods　The results of RT-PCR test for the environmental samples exposure to the cases infected by SARS‑CoV‑2 during February 1 to March 31 2022 in Huangpu District of Shanghai were collected as the research data. Pearson χ2 was used to test the significance of the differences between positive rates of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination. Results　From February 1 to March 31, household environment samples had a higher positive rate (6.47%, 234/3 618) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination while the public place samples had a lower one (1.22%, 47/3 582) in Huangpu District of Shanghai (χ2=141.908, P<0.01). Among the household buildings, the lane houses of old style representing poorer living condition had the highest positive rates (8.31%, 96/1 155) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination while the apartments representing better living condition had the lowest (3.59%, 22/612) (F=5.25，P<0.05). Among the samples from household environment, samples regarding sewerage had the highest positive rates (13.30%,58/436) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (3.10%,17/548) (F=9.84，P<0.01). Among the samples from public place environment, samples regarding entertainment tools had the highest positive rates (13.33%, 2/15) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (0.62%, 4/646) (F=4.22，P<0.01). Conclusion　In the environment exposure to the SARS‑CoV‑2 infected cases, the disinfection, ventilation and cleaning should be intensified strictly. SARS‑CoV‑2's surviving in sewage environment should be evaluation dynamically. More health communication should be pushed to people of poorer living condition.

BACKGROUND: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment can improve the biological properties of titanium alloy implants. Previous studies mostly focused on the evaluation of titanium alloy plate, while the effects of the MAO-modified 3D titanium scaffold on the cell growth and differentiation were rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of MAO coating on the biological performance of cells seeded onto the 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold. METHODS: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto the MAO-modified Ti6Al4V alloy scaffolds (experimental group) and unmodified scaffolds (control group). After 4 and 7 days of culture, cell/scaffold constructs were retrieved and processed for the assessment of cell morphology by using scanning electron microscopy, cytoskeletal staining analysis and cell viability assay were also evaluated. At 4, 7 and 11 days of culture, the levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the cell supernatant were detected. At 1, 4, 7 and 11 days of culture, the cell proliferation rate was measured using the MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At 4 and 7 days of culture, live/dead staining showed that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew well on the two kinds of scaffolds. The analysis of cytoskeleton staining showed that the cytoskeleton of the experimental group was stereo and polygonal, while the cells on the scaffold surface in the control group were flat and spindle-shaped, spreading along the macro structure of the scaffolds. Under the scanning electron microscopy, the cells in the experimental group arranged closely and spread in a good condition, with interconnected lamellipodia and filopodia that firmly adhered to the scaffold surface in an anchor-shaped structure; in the control group, less filopodia interconnected, less extracellular matrix, and flat and sheet-like cells were observed. (2) With the time increase, the levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin increased gradually in both groups. The alkaline phosphatase level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 7 and 11 days of culture (P < 0.05), while the osteocalcin level was higher in the experimental group than the control group at 11 days of culture (P < 0.05). (3) With the prolongation of culture time, the number of cells in the two groups increased gradually. The number of cells cultured in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 7 and 11 days of culture (P < 0.05). To conclude, the MAO-modified titanium alloy scaffold is favorable for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation.