Autistic Disorder ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; trends ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Autoimmune encephalitis is a recently defined heterogeneous group of disorders probably resulting from an immune reaction against neuronal antigens.The characteristic clinical features include cognitive decline,seizures and behavioral disturbances.Autoimmune encephalitis,often improved with immune-modulatory therapies,is an important cause of rapidly progressive cognitive decline and behavioral problems.The recent knowledge about the syndromes was reviewed,and the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment strategy were focused.

Child ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat,low-protein,low-carbohydrate diet that results in series of adaptive changes such as ketosis,fatty acid increasing and glycolysis depression.The mechanisms of the epilepsy correlated with the iron channel,neurotransmitter and neurocyte injury.The novel stresses the antiepileptic effects of above general changes in controlling the iron channels open or close,balancing the excitable and inhibitive neurotransmitters,increasing energy reserve,inhibiting free radical production and promoting neurocyte regeneration.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism(PHP) is a rare genetic disorder.The main character is parathyroid hormone resistance,and some with typical Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrothy malformation.The wide range of PHP symptom spectrum may lead to miss or misdiagnosis.This paper reviewed and summarized the pathogenesis,manifestation and the progress on the diagnosis and treatment of PHP Ⅰ,so as to improve the diagnostic level of this disease.

Humans typically have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes in cells,and a pair of sex chromosomes.Some individuals have an extra,autosomal chromosome called a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC).sSMC is a structurally abnormal chromosome fragment.The fragments are too small and no-specific banding pattern to be identified by conventional banding cytogenetic analysis.Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH),fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or other molecular biological methods are necessary for the diagnosis.This article summarized the karyotype,pathogenesis,and the clinical manifestations of the sSMC-related chromosome 18p abnormalities.The patients with sSMC usually presented with abnormal chromosome syndrome.Some syndromes are relative common,such as Pallister-Killian syndrome,isochromosome 18p syndrome,Cat eye syndromes or Emanuel syndrome.sSMC is considered to be the frequent cause of mental retardation.The patients have no specific symptoms.With the progress of molecular cytogenetics,more sSMC has been identified.Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are important to prevent sSMC.Molecular cytogenetic techniques are necessary to the diagnosis.

Child ; Humans ; Neurology ; Pediatrics

2-Aminoadipic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Brain ; pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mutation, Missense ; Prognosis ; Pyridoxine ; therapeutic use ; Seizures ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Status Epilepticus ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics

Child ; China ; Humans ; Neurology ; trends ; Pediatrics ; trends

Objective To analyze the correlation of Brown attention deficit disorder scale(BADDS)parent form and Conners parent ratting scale(CPRS)in Chinese children ages 8-12.Methods Both BADDS parent form and CPRS on 146 children ages 8-12 in an elementary school in Xicheng district in Beijing were admmistered,and the results were compared with statistic methods.Results Total scores on the BADDS parent form were highly correlated with CPRS index scores(r=0.739,0.771 Pa