Obesity is a worldwide health problem. An imbalance in energy metabolism is an important cause of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Our previous studies showed that inhibition of miR-429 increased the protein level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in beige adipocytes; however, whether local inhibition of miR-429 in subcutaneous adipose tissue affects diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local overexpression of miR-429 sponge in subcutaneous adipose tissue on obesity and related metabolic disorders. The control adeno-associated virus (AAV) or AAV expressing the miR-429 sponge was injected into mouse inguinal white adipose tissue. Seven days later, the mice were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The effects of the miR-429 sponge on body weight, adipose tissue weight, plasma glucose and lipid levels, and hepatic lipid content were explored. The results showed that the overexpression of miR-429 sponge in subcutaneous white adipose tissue reduced body weight and fat mass, decreased fasting blood glucose and plasma cholesterol levels, improved glucose tolerance, and alleviated hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Mechanistic investigation showed that the inhibition of miR-429 significantly upregulated the expression of UCP1 in adipocytes and adipose tissue. These results suggest that local inhibition of miR-429 in subcutaneous white adipose tissue ameliorates obesity and related metabolic disorders potentially by upregulating UCP1, and miR-429 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/physiology* ; Obesity/metabolism* ; Mice ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism* ; Metabolic Diseases ; Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism* ; Male ; Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism* ; Diet, High-Fat ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

PURPOSE: Lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS) is characterized by a persistent abnormally high stress exerted on the lateral articular surface of the patella due to lateral patellar tilt without dislocation and lateral retinaculum contracture, leading to anterior knee pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of lateral retinaculum release (LRR) combined with chondroplasty in the treatment of LPCS. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 40 patients who underwent LRR combined with chondroplasty for LPCS between 2020 and 2021. The assessment included improvement in postoperative tenderness and knee joint function. Patients were evaluated using the Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 scoring systems, as well as the visual analog scale, both preoperatively and postoperatively, with the paired comparisons analyzed using a t-test. Additionally, intraoperative observations were made regarding knee joint lesions, including cartilage damage and osteophyte formation, with analysis by the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The visual analog scale score for tenderness showed a significant decrease after surgery (p < 0.001). Evaluation of knee joint function also indicated significant improvements, as demonstrated by increased Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 scores postoperatively (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, all LPCS patients included in the study presented with cartilage injuries and osteophyte formation. Significant differences were noted in the incidence of cartilage damage and osteophyte formation at different locations within the knee among patients with LPCS. CONCLUSION LRR combined with chondroplasty is an effective surgical approach for treating patients with LPCS, with satisfactory recovery observed at the 1-year follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of cartilage damage and osteophyte formation in LPCS patients varies significantly depending on the specific location within the knee joint.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Patella/surgery* ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Recovery of Function ; Young Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Cartilage, Articular/surgery* ; Adolescent

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of various cancers. However, a subset of patients develops hyper-progressive disease (HPD) following ICB, which is characterized by accelerated tumor growth and poor clinical outcomes. This review outlines the clinical features, potential mechanisms, and possible intervention strategies of HPD, with the aim of informing clinical practice and providing relevant recommendations.
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Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Disease Progression ; Animals ; Immunotherapy

The rapid development of nanomaterials has brought groundbreaking opportunities for high-quality innovation in medical devices, but it has also become a new challenge for regulatory authorities. How to scientifically and rationally evaluate the risks of medical device products with nanomaterials and establish appropriate regulatory classifications have become critical research priorities. To solve this problem, this study focuses on medical devices with nanomaterials, conducts a comparative analysis of domestic and international regulatory classification policies, reviews the current registration status of related products, and provides recommendations on key considerations for the classification and regulation of medical devices with nanomaterials, which aims at promoting high-quality advancement in China's medical device regulation.
Nanostructures/classification* ; Equipment and Supplies/classification*

Microbial communities such as those residing in the human gut are highly diverse and complex, and many with important implications for health and diseases. The effects and functions of these microbial communities are determined not only by their species compositions and diversities but also by the dynamic intra- and inter-cellular states at the transcriptional level. Powerful and scalable technologies capable of acquiring single-microbe-resolution RNA sequencing information in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of complex microbial communities together with their hosts are therefore utterly needed. Here we report the development and utilization of a droplet-based smRNA-seq (single-microbe RNA sequencing) method capable of identifying large species varieties in human samples, which we name smRandom-seq2. Together with a triple-module computational pipeline designed for the bacteria and bacteriophage sequencing data by smRandom-seq2 in four human gut samples, we established a single-cell level bacterial transcriptional landscape of human gut microbiome, which included 29,742 single microbes and 329 unique species. Distinct adaptive response states among species in Prevotella and Roseburia genera and intrinsic adaptive strategy heterogeneity in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens were uncovered. Additionally, we identified hundreds of novel host-phage transcriptional activity associations in the human gut microbiome. Our results indicated that smRandom-seq2 is a high-throughput and high-resolution smRNA-seq technique that is highly adaptable to complex microbial communities in real-world situations and promises new perspectives in the understanding of human microbiomes.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics* ; Bacteriophages/physiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods* ; Bacteria/virology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between fluid balance trajectories within the first 3 days of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 28-day mortality as well as the incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Clinical data of SAP patients were extracted from the Medical Information Mart of Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV). Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to analyze the daily fluid balance of patients within 3 days of ICU admission, and grouping them accordingly. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between fluid balance trajectory and 28-day mortality and ICU CRRT in SAP patients. RESULTS: A total of 251 SAP patients were included, with 33 deaths within 28 days, and a 28-day mortality of 13.15%; 49 patients (19.52%) continued to receive bedside CRRT after 3 days of ICU admission. The fluid balance on the 3rd day, cumulative fluid balance within 3 days of ICU admission, and incidence of CRRT in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group. According to GBTM groups, there were 127 cases in the moderate fluid resuscitation with rapid reduction (MF group), 44 cases in the large fluid resuscitation with rapid reduction (LF group), 20 cases in the moderate fluid resuscitation with slow reduction (MS group), and 60 cases in the small fluid resuscitation with slow reduction (SS group). The cumulative fluid balance within 3 days of ICU admission of the MF group, LF group, MS group, and SS group were 8.60% (5.15%, 11.70%), 16.70% (13.00%, 21.02%), 23.40% (19.38%, 25.45%), and 0.65% (-2.35%, 2.20%), respectively, and the incidence of CRRT during ICU hospitalization were 11.02%, 29.55%, 85.00%, and 8.33%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the groups (both P < 0.05); the 28-day mortality were 11.02%, 18.18%, 20.00%, and 11.67%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed there was no statistically significant difference in 28-day cumulative survival rate among groups with different fluid balance trajectories (Log-rank test: χ ² = 2.31, P = 0.509). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cumulative fluid balance within 3 days of ICU admission was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.071, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.005-1.144, P = 0.040] and CRRT requirement (OR = 1.233, 95%CI was 1.125-1.372, P < 0.001); early aggressive fluid resuscitation on day 1 reduced CRRT risk (OR = 0.866, 95%CI was 0.756-0.978, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic fluid management is essential in SAP patients. While early aggressive fluid resuscitation may reduce CRRT demand, excessive cumulative fluid balance is associated with increased 28-day mortality and CRRT incidence.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ; Intensive Care Units ; Aged ; Adult ; Pancreatitis/mortality* ; Logistic Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Replacement Therapy

Objective Aberrant expression of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1)plays a key role in several cancers.However,influence of G protein coupled receptor family C group 5 type A(GPRC5A)-regulated ABCB1 expression on lung adenocarcinoma proliferation remains unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the effect of GPRC5A regulated ABCB1 expression on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods ABCB1 expressions in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,human lung adenocarcinoma tissues,and tracheal epithelial cells and lung tissues of GPRC5A knockout mice and wild-type mice were analyzed with RT-PCR,Western blot,or immunohistochemical analysis.Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to analyze the sensitivity of tracheal epithelial cells from GPRC5A knockout mice to chemotherapeutic agents.Subcutaneous tumor formation assay was performed to confirm whether down-regulation of ABCB 1 could inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo.To verify the potential regulatory relationship between GPRC5A and ABCB1,immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays were performed. Results ABCB1 expression was up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and human lung adenocarcinoma tissues.ABCB1 expression in the tracheal epithelial cells and lung tissues of GPRC5A deficient mice was higher than that in the wild type mice.Tracheal epithelial cells of GPRC5A knockout mice were much more sensitive to tariquidar and doxorubicin than those of GPRC5A wild type mice.Accordingly,28 days after injection of the transplanted cells,the volume and weight of lung tumor in ABCB1 knockout cell-transplanted GPRC5A-/-C57BL/6 mice were significantly smaller than those in wild type cell-transplanted mice(P=0.0043,P=0.0060).Furthermore,immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays showed that GPRC5A regulated ABCB1 expression by direct binding. Conclusion GPRC5A reduces lung adenocarcinoma proliferation via inhibiting ABCB1 expression.The pathway by which GPRC5A regulates ABCB1 expression needs to be investigated.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder.Primarily involving the skin and central nervous system, it also impacts the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs.The vast majority of TSC patients may experience neuropsychiatric symptoms during their lifetime, including behavioral, mental, intellectual, academic, neuropsychological, and psychosocial disorders, which are collectively referred to as TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders(TAND).The TAND Checklist is a screening tool designed to identify potential neuropsychiatric disorders by facilitating dialogues between TSC patients, their families, and clinicians.This article focuses on the concept and research history of TAND and the application of the TAND Checklist, contributing to the comprehensive and systematic clinical evaluation and understanding of the prognosis of children with TAND.

AIM: To explore the variance in efficacy between botulinum toxin A(BTA)injection and extraocular muscle surgery in managing large-angle(≥+60 PD)acute acquired concomitant esotropia(AACE).METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 patients with AACE treated at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022. Patients were divided into three groups based on different treatments: 2.5 IU BTA injection group(14 cases), 5.0 IU BTA injection group(29 cases), and surgical group(17 cases). Follow-up was conducted for 6 mo after treatment to observe the degree of strabismus after the correction of refractive error, visual function, treatment effectiveness, and occurrence of complications after BTA injection.RESULTS: At 6 mo post-treatment, the degree of strabismus in the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was lower than that in the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(P<0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the degree of strabismus between the surgical group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(P>0.017). The effective rate of the 5.0 IU BTA injection group was higher than that of the 2.5 IU BTA injection group(86% vs 43%, P<0.017). There was no difference in visual function among the three groups(P>0.05). The incidence of complications after treatment was not significantly different between the 2.5 IU BTA injection group and the 5.0 IU BTA injection group(43% vs 52%, P>0.05).CONCLUSION: For AACE patients with esotropia degree ≥+60 PD, bilateral medial rectus injection of 5.0 IU BTA can yield outcomes comparable to traditional extraocular muscle surgery, with the advantages of minimal trauma and simple and convenient operation.