Objective To investigate the value of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy in pleural effusion of unknown causes and the correlation with CEA, TK1 and ADA. Methods The clinical data and results of CEA, TK1 and ADA of 25 patients were retrospective analyzed in our department from 2015 January to November 2015. These patients accepted the examination of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy with pleural effusion of unknown causes. Results In the 25 patients with pleural effusion of unknown causes, definite diagnosis was made in 22 cases (88.00 %), of which 9 cases were malignant pleural effusion (36.00 %), 11 cases were tuberculous pleural effusion (44.00 %), 2 cases were inflammatory pleural effusion (8.00 %), 3 cases were undetermined (12.00 %). The positive rate of TK1 and CEA in malignant group was significantly higher than that in the tuberculosis group and inflammatory group, the positive rate of ADA in the tuberculosis group was significantly higher than that in the malignant group and inflammatory group. Conclusion Flexi-rigid medical thoracoscopy examination is an effective and safe method for diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion with high exact diagnosis rate, less trauma and less complication. Combination with CEA, TK1 and ADA are helpful to improve diagnostic rate of pleural effusion of unknown causes.

OBJECTIVEPelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare X-linked recessive leukoencephalopathy. Few reports of PMD patients without genetic confirmation have been published in the mainland of China. The clinical and genetic features of a family with PMD were analyzed, which may contribute to definite diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of this rare hereditary disease in China.

METHODSClinical data of the proband and other family members as well as 14 DNA samples were collected. Clinical features including symptoms, signs and cranial MRI were analyzed. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assays were performed to detect PLP1 duplication, which helps identify the type of PLP1 mutation in this family and the genotype-phenotype correlations.

RESULTS(1) The proband and the other 3 male patients in the family presented with nystagmus, motor retardation followed by regression. The cranial MRI of proband showed evidence of poor myelination with diffused high signal in white matter region on T2-weighed image and reduced amount of white matter in volume, which is consistent with the typical features of cranial MRI in PMD. (2) PLP1duplication was identified in the proband. Combined with the clinical features of the proband and other patients in this family, the diagnosis of classic form of PMD was confirmed. Another 3 females with normal phenotype in the family were proved to be carriers of PLP1duplication.

CONCLUSIONS(1) The Classic form of PMD in this pedigree is resulted from the PLP1 duplication, which is consistent with the previously reported genotype-phenotype correlations; (2) The results serve as an evidence for reliable genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family. (3) MLPA, which is a newly developed method, is a rapid and reliable technique to detect the whole gene duplication of PLP1.

Adult ; DNA Probes ; Genes ; Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease ; genetics ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVETo investigate the renal protective effects of sulodexide and its anti-oxidative stress mechanism in diabetic rats.

METHODThirty male SD rats were randomized into 3 equal groups, namely the control group, diabetic group, and sulodexide treatment group. Twelve weeks after establishment of rat diabetic models and administration of sulodexide, the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the urine volume, body mass, kidney mass/body weight ratio, plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in the renal tissue or serum were tested. Electron microscopy was performed to observe the pathological changes in the kidneys.

RESULTSThe urine volume, renal mass/body mass ratio, serum glucose, HbA1C, and serum and renal MDA levels all significantly increased in the diabetic rats in comparison with the normal controls (P<0.05). But the body weight and activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX in the renal tissue in the normal control group were significantly higher than those in the diabetic and sulodexide group. After 12 weeks of sulodexide treatment, SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX activities in the renal tissue of rats were significantly increased in comparison with those in the diabetic rats (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed obvious irregular thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane in the diabetic group with vacuolization in the mitochondria in the epithelial cells, and such pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the sulodexide treatment group.

CONCLUSIONSSulodexide can effectively lower the urinary albumin excretion rate, improve the ultrastructural renal pathologies and prevent glomerular basement membrane thickening in diabetic rats, probably in association with the reduction of the MDA levels and enhancement of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX activities.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Catalase ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

To study the detection of weak D and Del from samples initially screened RhD(-), RhD phenotype was initially screened by routine serological test, out of which weak D phenotype was detected by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and Del phenotype was detected by chloroform-trichloroethylene absorption-elution test. The results showed that 56 samples were RhD(-) confirmed by routine serology test, which were screened out of 26 200 donors, among them 5 samples were typed as weak D by IAT and 9 cases samples were typed as Del by absorption-elution test. In conclusion, the samples which typed as RhD(-) by routine serological test must be identified by IAT and chloroform-trchloroethylene absorption test is order to detect weak D and Del phenotype. It is important for clinical transfusion safely.
Blood Donors ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; standards ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; blood ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the difference and similarity between Hans and Uighurs in regard to Rhesus box and its significance.

METHODSThe sequence specific primers of upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were designed on the basis of RHD gene sequence. The upstream, downstream and hybrid Rhesus boxes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCP-SSP) and mismatched PCR.

RESULTSThe percentage of RHD-/RHD-, RHD+/RHD- and RHD+/RHD+ genotypes ascertained in the unrelated Hans with RhD(-) were 61.40%, 34.21% and 4.39% respectively, while those in the unrelated Chinese Uighurs with RhD(-) were 94.44%, 2.78% and 2.78% respectively. Furthermore, all 6 cases of some other minorities were RHD-/RHD- types. The percentage of RHD-/RHD- and RHD+/RHD- genotypes ascertained in the unrelated Chinese Uighurs were significantly higher than those in Chinese Hans (P < 0.01), whereas no statistically significant difference in the percentage of RHD+/RDH+ genotype between the two groups was observed (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Rh blood group of Uighurs in Xingjiang possesses both Oriental and Caucasian characteristics, which embodies a special ethnical aspect of the Chinese nation and is in accord with the anthropologic research results.

China ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics

Humans ; Mouth Diseases/diagnosis* ; Mouth Mucosa

Objective To evaluate the patient-reported outcome(PRO)of patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and implant breast reconstruction.Methods Patients who underwent breast reconstruction in Shanghai Cancer Center,Fudan University from Jan 2020 to Jun 2021 were selected,including 111 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction and 108 patients who underwent implant breast reconstruction.Chinese version Breast-Q2.0 scale,breast cancer specificity scale QLQ-BR23 and EORTC quality of life scale QLQ-C30 were used to investigate the PRO of the two groups 18 months after operation.Results The rate of stage Ⅲ breast cancer in the self-weight construction group was higher than that in the implant reconstruction group(64.9%vs.44.4%,P<0.001).The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative radiotherapy in the autologous reconstruction group were higher than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).Postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in the autologous reconstruction group were lower than those in the implant reconstruction group(P<0.001).The study based on Breast-Q scale showed that the breast satisfaction of autologous reconstruction group was higher than that of implant reconstruction(59.28±17.20 vs.54.94±14.48,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-BR23 showed that the self-weight construction group was higher than the implant reconstruction group in the field of arm symptoms(20.02±20.80 vs.12.65±16.18,P<0.05).The study based on QLQ-C30 scale showed that there was no significant difference in all functional areas and symptom areas of patients.There was no significant difference in the number and time of social regression between the two groups.Conclusion Breast reconstruction can improve the PRO of breast cancer patients,and oncology factors will affect the choice of breast reconstruction.Patients with autologous breast reconstruction are more satisfied with breast appearance,but upper limb symptoms such as swelling and pain are more obvious than implant reconstruction,which is related to the higher proportion of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with autologous reconstruction.There is no significant difference in quality of life and social regression between the two groups.

Objective To analyze patterns of functional bundles in anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments during knee joint movement, so as to provide important references for studying injury mechanism of cruciate ligaments and implant reconstruction. Methods Five healthy knee cadavers were elaborately dissected to expose insertions of functional bundles in anterior and posterior ligaments on both the femur and tibia. CT scans and 3D finite element reconstruction with Mimics and ANSYS were conducted at 0°, 30°,60°, 90°, and 120° flexion angle of the knee joint. The center points of insertions and parallel sections of functional bundles defined by the software ANSYS and CATIA were connected to the centerlines, and at five different knee flexion angles, the lengths of centerlines, defined as the bundle lengths, were measured. Results The length of anterior medial bundle (AMB) of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) increased gradually as the flexion angle grew from 0° to 90°, but slightly decreased at 120° flexion angle; whereas the length of posterior lateral bundle (PLB) of ACL decreased as flexion angle went from 0° to 90° and slightly increased at 120° flexion angle. In posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), both anterior lateral bundle (ALB) and posterior medial bundle (PMB) extended in length as the flexion angle went from 0° to 120°. The change of ACL and PCL bundle’s length was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions ACL bundles functioned in a reciprocal manner and PCL bundles functioned in a complementary manner during knee flexion. Through establishing the finite element model of functional bundles in cruciate ligaments, the actual length of cruciate ligaments could be reflected, which provided a reasonable method for studying the changes of actual length of functional bundles in cruciate ligaments during knee flexion.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a PA28γ overexpression cell line and determine its effects after infecting an oral squa-mous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. METHODS: The PA28γ gene was cloned into the pLOV.CMV.cherry.2A.EF1a.PuroR lentiviral vector by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR and DNA sequencing alignment analysis were used for identification. Then, 293T cells were used to package viral diseases. Infected OSCC cells were used to construct a cell line with stable PA28γ overexpression. Finally, the level of PA28γ expression in the OSCC cell line was detected through Western blot. RESULTS: The successful construction of PA28γ recombinant lentiviral vectors was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The results of immunofluorescence showed that the PA28γ overexpression lentivirus successfully infected the OSCC cells and showed cherry red fluorescence. The results of Western blot demonstrated that the constructed cells with stable PA28γ overexpression significantly increased the expression of PA28γ. CONCLUSIONS The PA28γ overexpression lentiviral vector can significantly increase its protein expression in OSCC cells. We provide a stable OSCC cell line for further study on the effect of PA28γ in OSCC.
Autoantigens ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hypertension (HTN). METHODS: Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline (2010) and three waves of follow-up (2012-2017) investigations of the China Family Panel Studies. Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN. RESULTS: Compared with non-nappers, 30+ min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN, while no significant associations were observed among < 30 min nappers. Incident risks among 30- to < 60-min nappers increased by 22% [hazard ratio (HR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.08-1.39] for CVD and 21% (1.21, 1.04-1.41) for HTN, respectively, with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27 (1.09-1.47) and 1.38 (1.16-1.65) among ≥ 60 min nappers. Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups, with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index (< 24 kg/m ²), physically inactive persons, smokers, and participants with longer nighttime sleep (≥ 7 h/night). Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only, highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits. CONCLUSIONS This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping (≥ 30 min) is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.
Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology* ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sleep/physiology* ; Time Factors