This article introduces the proteomic study of the cell lines,tissue,pancreatic juice and serum from well-diagnosed patients of pancreatic cancer,benign pancreatic disease,normal control,etc.The highly specific and sensitive biomarkers and their significant roles in the mechanism of development and progress of pancreatic cancer,early diagnosis,therapy monitoring,prognosis,follow-up,and so on,are presented and discussed.

The proteome is the entire complement of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue or organism,which are all types of proteins expressed by one cell in the specific physiological or pathological states. The study of proteomics not only can help us to understand the general rules of activity of proteins,but also illuminate the pathologic mechanisms of numerous diseases. By proteomic analysis of normal individual and pathological individuals, we can find some disease-specific protein molecules, which not only can be a new target for drug design, but also can be a molecular markers of some diseases especially tumors.

Pancreatic cancer is a commonly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with an obviously increasing incidence all over the world.Those patients without specific symptoms at early stage had mostly lost the opportunity of surgical therapy when pancreatic cancer was detected at advanced stage,and their prognosis is poor.Therefore,it is rather crucial to improve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Tumor marker is a considerable tool for early tumor detection and screening.It will help to improve the diagnostic rate of early pancreatic cancer and promote the prognosis of pancreatic cancer if we could find out tumor markers and screen one or a group of pancreatic cancer tumor markers.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant aggressive cancers.Perinearal growth is one of the importcant biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.Perineural invasion is an independent prognostic indicator of its prognosis.However,the mechanism has not yet completely clear.The pancreatic cancer perineural invasion mechanism research has been the focus of scholars to discuss,however it' s difficult to break through.Therefore,the discussion pancreatic violation of the peripancreatic neural mechanism for early clinical find,early treatment is essential.The mechanisms of pancreatic cancer research,from all kinds of adhesion molecule to the nerve growth factor,related ligand protein path to susceptibility gene expression,have been reported largely,which helps enhance people' s awareness of peripancreatic neural invasion.At the same time,perineural invasion in the early detection of disease,prolonging survival period and improving the quality of life has important significance.Now the progresses of reviews in recent years are discussed as follows.

Objective To explore the key points of diagnosis,treatment and the reasonable surgical methods in 39 cases of pancreas trauma.Methods A retrospective review and analysis the cause and classification of injury,surgical methods of 39 cases of pancreatic trauma in the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Provinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University during Jan.1990 to Dec.2011.Results In the 39 patients who underwent surgery,38 patients were cured,1 dead duing to craniocerebral injuries,3 patients with complications of pancreatic leakage cured after adequate drainage.Two patients with pancreatic pseudocyst pancreatic pseudocystcyst cured after pancreatic pseudocyst jejunum anastomosis.One patients with traumatic pancreatitis cured after conservative treatment.Conclusions Blunt injury is the most common cause of pancreas trauma.Imaging examination has high value in the early diagnosis of pancreas trauma.The reasonable surgical methods and careful examination during operation can improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality and incidence of complications of pancreatic trauma.If the patient's condition allowed,endoscopy not only contributes to the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma,but is an effective method for treatment of it.

Therapeutic effect of pancreatic cancer depends on early detection and effective treatment.The early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is so difficult that the discovery of pancreatic cancer is often in mid and late stages,so the treatment of meaning is not so satisfying.In recent years the rapid study of proteomics has brought great hope in the early discovery of pancreatic cancer to make it the post-genome era of functional genomics research in hot areas.Separating and identifying the serum、juice and tissue of patients with pancreatic cancer to find out the different proteins between normal and sick individuals can provide theoretical base and new ideas for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) and total parenteral nutrition(TPN)on patients with severe acute pancreatitis by a Meta analysis.Method s Randomized controlled trials of EN in patients with severe acute pancreatitis were searched in Cochrane library,Pubmed database,CNKI database,CBM database.Data were searched by two statisticians.RevMan 5.0 was applied for statistical analysis.Results Nine randomized controlled trials were enrolled into this analysis.Meta-analysis indicated that the use of enteral nutrition decreased the incidence of infectious complications(RR was 0.37,95% CI[0.18,0.77]),pancreas infectious complications (RR was 0.44,95% CI [0.24,0.81],P ＜ 0.01),MODS (RR was 0.33,95% CI[0.19,0.56]),mortaily (RR was 0.45,95% CI [0.26,0.80]),surgical interventions (RR was 0.51,95% CI [0.36,0.71]).When starting within 48 h of admission,EN,in comparison with TPN,resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the risk of MODS,mortaily and infectious complications.Conclusion For patients with severe acute pancreatitis,early EN therapy is better than TPN.

Regulatory T cells play an important role in regulating immune responses.Recently,a novel immune Treg cell with phenotype TCRαβ + CD3 + CD4-CD8-NK1.1-was known as the Double-negative T cells (DNT).DNT cells are able to suppress CD4 + and CD8 + T cells,B cells as well as NK cells and dendritic cells(DCs) and play an important role in regulating immune responses in models of autoimmunity,infection,inflammatory disease,transplantation and tumor immunity.Now DNT cells have already become a hot point in the research of the immunotherapy.This article mainly introduces the possible sources of DNT cells and the mechanisms of their functions.

Immune system is the autologous defence system to resist disease.αβ TCR+ CD3+ CD4-CD8-NK1.1-double negative T cell is a special T lymphocyte which has been described in both humans and rodent models.In recent years,the prognosis has been made in the mechanisms by which DN Treg target antigen-specific T cells and tumor cells.DN Treg cells play an important role in immune regulation,immunosuppression,autoimmune and resistance to the host reaction,HIV infection and antitumor.The study mainly introduces the advance of DN Treg cells in immune treatment.

Neural invasion is an important invasion pathway of pancreatic cancer.New research shows that neural invasion of pancreatic cancer related genes in the sequential role effect,through the cell signal transduction,regulation of specific growth factors,adhesion molecules,matrix metallopmteinase and other related systems,then changed in the generation,resulting in the cancer cells invasion of the nerve tissue eventually.We reviewed the progress of neural invasion of pancreatic cancer in this paper.