Melanomas are commonly found in the head and neck region, where 15%of cutaneous melanomas and approximately 50%of mucosal melanomas may occur. Recurrent or metastasized head and neck melanoma is resistant to standard treatments and thus a great challenge in oncology. Advances in the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma and in cancer immunology have led to the rational design and clinical implementation of various novel therapies for metastatic melanoma. For instance, BRAF and MEK inhibitors target the MAPK pathway, and these inhibitors exhibit high clinical response rates to BRAF-mutant melanoma. Specific therapies, including monoclonal antibodies that interfere with the pathways inhibiting T-cell functions, also modulate immune responses to melanoma;as such, these therapies have been applied to effectively treat melanoma.

Autoimmune encephalitis is a recently defined heterogeneous group of disorders probably resulting from an immune reaction against neuronal antigens.The characteristic clinical features include cognitive decline,seizures and behavioral disturbances.Autoimmune encephalitis,often improved with immune-modulatory therapies,is an important cause of rapidly progressive cognitive decline and behavioral problems.The recent knowledge about the syndromes was reviewed,and the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment strategy were focused.

This report presents the study of determination of DNA in different Namalva IFN preparation by a microassay method using ethidium bromide. The results show that the purified IFN,by antibody affinity chromatography, contains no DNA, which indicates this purified IFN can be used clinically as a safe drug.

Results of the establishment and application of anti-interferon antibody column are reported. Antiserum against human lymphoblastoid interferon (HuLyIFN) was obtained by immunizing sheep with partially purified Namalva interferon. After they were isolated from antiserum, the immunoglobulins against HuLylFN were adsorbed repeatedly on the "mock interferon"column and trypsin inhibitor column. Anti-interferon anti-body column was established by coupling the adsorbed anti-interferon antibody to Sepharose 4B. Crude Namalva interferon was purified by antibody affinity chro-matography in one step to a specific activity of 8?108 to 8?107units/mg protein with the recovery of over 100%. Peak of purified interferon activity in elution was seen mostly in fractions 1-3(3-8ml). Similar results were obtained in purification of human leukocyte interferon(HuLeIFN)by this column.The polyclonal antibody column purified recombined leukocyte interferon-?D (LrIFN-?D) to homogeneity as analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

miRNA have been discovered as naturally occurring non-coding RNA, controlling gene expression via specific sites at the 3'-UTR of target-mRNA, causing translational repression or degradation.The aim of this paper is to introduce the relationship of microRNA and carcinogenesis in liver cancer and the progress of tissue or serum microRNA as the potential clinical biomarkers of HCC. Though much difficulty remains in the microRNA as biomarker studies, more evidences indeed prove the associations between the tissue or serum microRNA profiles and the carcinogenesis. Specially, the serum microRNA detection is lowinvasive and easy to handle, indicating microRNA might to be useful biomarkers for HCC diagnosis or prognosis.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

According to the background of the age of big data, the medical devices are informatized, we analyze the safety and efficiency for the information and data of digital medical devices or medical systems, also discussed some test methods. Lack of a suitable standard system of digital medical devices is a big problem both for domain standard and international standard. GB25000.51 is too ambiguous and free for testing, also not very operational. So this paper suggested some test advices and some prospective method. These test methods are helpful for finding the problem and performing the standards. What's more, these methods are famous in the world and used widely in the 3C region but just start in the medical region, which can promote the development of the medical devices.
Computer Security ; standards ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards

Autistic Disorder ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; trends ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective:To investigate the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on expressions of CC chemokine receptor 2(CCR2) mRNA and protein in cultured human THP-1 cell lines.Methods:THP-1 cell was stimulated by GM-CSF of different concentrations and time intervals.The mRNA expression of CCR2 was tested by RT-PCR,The protein expression of CCR2 was analyzed by Western blotting.Results:RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that THP-1 cell in control group expressed a low-level of CCR2 mRNA and protein.After stimulated by GM-CSF,the expression of CCR2 mRNA and protein increased in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.Conclusion:GM-CSF could stimulate THP-1 cell to express CCR2 mRNA and protein,in an concentration-and time-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of burn patients in our hospital,and to provide reference for rational use of antimicrobial agents in the clinic. METHODS:389 burn patients were selected from our hospi-tal during Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015 by simple random sampling,and then analyzed retrospectively in respects of pathogen culture, identification and the results of sensitivity tests. RESULTS:678 clinical specimen were collected from 389 burn patients of our hos-pital,564 strains of pathogens were detected,with positive rate of 83.19%. Of 564 pathogens,there were 367 stains of Gram-nega-tive bacteria(65.07%),mainly including Pseudomonas aeruginosa(158 strains),Escherichia coli(67 strains),Acinetobacter bau-mannii(36 strains),Enterobacter cloacae(31 strains);there were 177 strains of Gram-positive bacteria(31.38%),mainly includ-ing Staphylococcus aureus (81 strains),Enterococcus (44 strains) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (26 strains);there were 20 strains of fungus(3.55%),mainly including Candida albicans(13 strains). There were 42 strains of ESBLs E. coli(62.69%)and 11 strains of ESBLs Klebsiella pneumoniae (40.74%). Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to aminoglycosides,β-lac-tamase,tetracycline and cephalosporin. P. aeruginosa was sensitive to colistin sulphate. E. coli,E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae were sensitive to imipenem,A. baumannii was sensitive to meropenem,and their resistant rates were 0. Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to many common antimicrobial agents;S. aureus was sensitive to vancomycin,S. epidermidis sensitive to van-comycin,teicoplanin and minocycline,and their resistant rates were 0. Resistant rates of C. albicans and C. tropicalis to amphoteri-cin B and 5-fluorocytosine were≤5%. CONCLUSIONS:Main pathogen of infection in burn patients of our hospital is Gram-nega-tive bacteria,mainly being P. aeruginosa. Producing enzymes and drug resistance of main pathogens are serious. It is necessary to standardize clinical application of antimicrobial agents and choose antimicrobial agents rationally according to etiological examina-tion and clinical symptoms.