BACKGROUND:The repair and reconstruction of laryngeal structure and function play a crucial role in partial laryngectomy,and the repairing materials and methods have been developed rapidly in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To explore the present application of tissue transplantation on the repair and functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy,and provide evidences for the selection of repairing materials and reconstructive techniques for laryngeal function.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of PubMed database was undertaken to identify the articles of functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy published from January 1997 to July 2007,with the keywords of "laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma/cancer,reconstruction" in English.Simultaneously,Chinese Journal Full-text Database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and July 2007 with the keywords of "partial laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma,repair/reconstruction" in Chinese.Totally 160 relevant articles was retrieved,of which 69 articles were English and 91 articles Chinese.Articles on repair or reconstruction after partial laryngectomy were selected.After the primary filtration,fulltexts of the English articles were checked,and articles on review and with repetitive content were excluded.The articles on clinical research,which were issued in authorized journals,were selected.At last,totally 31 articles were included for review.LITERATURE EVALUTION:Among 31 included articles,16 articles were English and 15 articles Chinese.DATA SYNTHESIS:Functional reconstruction is the key point in course of partial laryngectomy.Technique on repairing postoperative larynx have made a progress,and autologous tissues,such as myofascial flap,flap of strap muscles,myocutaneous flap of neck fascial lata and epiglottis,are extensively used for larynx,which have got good effect.The study of the application of tissue engineering and other variant materials after partial laryngectomy is going on.CONCLUSION:With rapid development of partial laryngectomy,all kinds of repairing materials and reconstruction techniques are used.Repairing postoperative larynx has no fixed mode.It is a very important topic to choose suitable repairing material and reconstruction technique according to different factors such as laryngeal carcinoma type,lesion degree and excision scope,so as to recover the vocalization,respiratory and deglutition function,and raise the patients' survival rate and life quality.

Objective:To study the characteristics of normal adult human nasal chondrocytes cultured in vit-ro. Method :The adult human nasal septal chondrocytes were cultured in vitro. The changes of cellular morpholo-gy from primary to subculture were investigated ;to observe the proliferation of chondrocytes by the growth curveand the survive rate of chondrocytes;and to determine the biologic synthesis of the chondrocytes by toluidineblue,alkaline phosphatase staining and type Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemistry reaction. The survive rate of thenasal septal chondrocytes was observed after being frozen (－196C). Result: The morphology of the primarychondrocytes maintained the spherical shape ,and some became polygonal shape after 4 days. Most of the chondro-cytes transformed into the shape of the fibroblast cell since the fifth generation. The number of the chondrocytes(2th generation)after being cultured in vitro for 5 days was approximately 4 fold of that of the plating. The phe-notype of the chondrocytes was maintained in the first 4 generation,the survive rate of the chondrocytes suscitat-ing from being frozen (－196C ) was 93 %. Conclusion:The normal adult nasal septal chondrocytes cultured inmonolayer in vitro maintained the specific chondrocytes phenotype in the first 4 generation,the growth was nor-mal ,and could survive in the condition of deep-frozen.

Two cases of labyrinthine ossification were founded in temporal bone exploration and in cochlear implantation. One was caused by temporal bone fracture, the other had bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss but the reason for labyrinthine ossification was unknown. In this case,unilateral total labyrinthine ossification was not confirmed in preoperative CT scan.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of large decompressive craniectomy in treatment of severe traumatic brain injury combined with herniation of brain.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out to assess the clinical outcome of large decompressive craniectomy for 98 patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with herniation of brain enrolled from Jan.2007 to Sep.2010.Results According to the Glasgow outcome scale,there were 27 patients ( GOS 5 points) with good recovery,23 ( GOS 4 points) with moderate deficit,28 (GOS 3 points) with severe deficit,6 (GOS 2 points) under persistent vegetative status and 14 (GOS1 points) deaths at the end of 6 month post injury.We observed a good prognosis rate (good recovery and moderate deficit) of 51％ and a poor prognosis of 49％.Conclusion Large decompressive craniectomy can significanty improve the outcome and reduce complications of patients with severe traumatic brain injury combined with herniation of brain.

Objective To explore the application value of thromboelastography(TEG) in perioperative evaluation of patients with antiplatelet therapy-associated cerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to investigate whether platelet transfu-sion, compared with standard care, reduced bleeding in patients with antiplatelet therapy-associated cerebral hemor-rhage. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted in 30 patients (12 patients receiving platelet transfusion) with antiplatelet therapy-associated basal ganglia hemorrhage who underwent emergency surgery. TEG was used to evaluate the intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding and transfusion treatment. Results The routine co-agulation test was in the normal range in the two groups. However, TEG showed that the platelet function was exces-sively inhibited in patients with antiplatelet therapy before spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage (Platelet inhibition rate>90%). There were significant differences in the intraoperative blood loss (t=-3.998, P=0.008), total transfusion volume (Z=-3.245, P=0.001), postoperative hematoma volume (t=-2.909, P=0.043) and lead volume (t=-8.790, P=0.041) between two groups (P<0.05). One case from platelet transfusion group, and 4 cases from no-platelet transfusion group re-ceived a second surgical operation. However, the difference was not statistical significant ( P=0.317). Conclusion TEG can effectively assess the preoperative coagulation status in the patients with spontaneous cerebral haemorrhage after antiplatelet therapy. Platelet transfusion can reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, decrease blood transfu-sion in the patients with antiplatelet therapy-associated cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the relation of event-related potentials (ERPs), which are evoked by calculating and number recognizing stimuli.Methods We examined 26 healthy undergraduate students with double-digit (Arabic numbers) and single-digit modify a prescription problems. While the stimulus information was presented, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded simultaneously. ERPs were extracted from EEG data, and then the feature and source of ERPs were analyzed.Results Both calculation and number recognizing induced positive and negative components of ERPs with similar wave form and different latency. The latency of ERPs was conspicuously shorter elicited by number recognizing than by calculating. Grand mean mapping showed the highest amplitudes of ERPs were presented in parietal lobe elicited both by calculating and number recognizing.Conclusion The processing of calculating is more complicated than number recognizing. Calculating and number recognizing may have different electrophysiological background, and they belong to diverse processing course in the brain. Parietal lobe is the functional domains of them.

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a first selected growth factor in study of articular cartilage tissue engineering. Suitable concentration can stimulate proliferation, division and differentiation of articular chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To establish an special inducing system for differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes in contained TGF-β1 culture in vivo,and to observe the changes in cell form and phenotype.METHODS: BMSCs were separated and purified from rabbit tibial tubercle using attachment culture method. Surface antigen of the third-generated BMSCs was determined by using flow cytometry. Subsequently,the third-generated BMSCs were induced with TGF-β1-contained special inducing system in 21-day culture, which was compared with human septal cartilage cells of nose following induction. Collagen type Ⅱ was qualitatively determined using immunohistochemical method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rabbit BMSCs were separated and purified using attachment culture method. The third-generated BMSCs were positive for surface antigen CD44,but negative for surface antigen CD34 and CD45. Cell form was irregular 21 days after induction. Immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen demonstrated positive cells. Results suggested that under culture system containing TGF-β1 BMSCs may directionally differentiate into chondrocytes,and there were not significant differences with normal chondrocytes.

BACKGROUND: Embryonic stem cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells possess potential to treat cartilage defects, but the practicability is restricted by many factors. Therefore, it is significant to explore a new source of cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of differentiating human umbilical cord blood stem cells into chondrocytes. METHODS: Human mesenchymal stem cells was obtained from term delivered umbilical vein, labeled by BrdU, and co-cultured with rabbit chondrocytes using Transwell method. The harvested cells were identified by immunocytochemistrical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human umbilical cord blood stem cells were differentiated into chondrocytes under induction of rabbit chondrocytes, cytoplasm of which were stained into purple, and cellular nucleus was yellow stained with BrdU. The results revealed that human umbilical cord blood stem cells can in vitro differentiate into chondrocytes.

ObjectiveTo comprehend the similarities and differences of postoperative quality of life between mastectomie avec dissection axillaire and modified radical mastectomy among patients with breast cancer,and in order to supply references for establishing corresponding nursing measures. Methods160patients with early breast cancer were selected,40 patients accepted the mastectomie avec dissection axillaire (the conservative group)and 120 patients accepted modified radical mastectomy (the radical group).The quality of life of patients was surveyed with questionnaires. ResultsThe EORTC QLQ-C30 score of the conservative group was not significant than the radical group.The EORTC QLQ-BR 23 score showed that the conservative group had a better self-evaluation of their configuration. ConclusionsThe patients who accepted the mastectomie avec dissection axillaire will live a better life than those who accepted modified radical mastectomy.

OBJECTIVE To established a viable and convenient method for human nasoseptal chondrocyte culture in vitro and study the biological characters of the chondrocyte. METHODS The chondrocytes were obtained by incomplete enzyme digestion of cartilage and were seeded with small piece of cartilage in 25 ml culture flasks coated with polylysine previously. This study determines the biologic synthesis of the chondrocytes by toluidine blue and type Ⅱcollagen immunohistochemistry reaction. The proteoglycan synthesis efficiencies of human nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured in vitro were measured by using 35S-Na2SO4 incorporation. The modified method and the conventional method in proteoglycan synthesis were also compared. RESULTS The results suggested that human nasoseptal chondrocytes cultured by modified method still show the normal structure and morphology, and maintain the function of metabolism and self duplication. With the modified method, we can get a higher cell survival rate and more cells. CONCLUSION The modified method is a viable and convenient method.