Objective To investigate the contamination of aflatoxin B1 in traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.and to provide evidence for the development of sdandards and scientific management.Methods Immunoaffinity column and post-column photochemical derivatization were used to detect and quantify aflatoxin B1 in 35 traditional Chinese medicines.Results A total of 48.57％(17 out of 35 batches) traditional Chinese medicine were contained aflatoxin B1.The contents of aflatoxin B1 in all contaminated varieties were less than 1μg/kg,except for Sterculia lychnophorae Semen,Foeniculi Fructus,Corydalis Rhizoma,which exceeded the standard.Conclusions The tested traditional Chinese medicine are highly contaminated of aflatoxin,it is necessary to further study the increase of aflatoxin content under the examination of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Foeniculi Fructus and Corydalis Rhizoma to better control its quality.The degree of aflatoxin B1 pollution is reated to the site of drug use and the place of origin.

Objective To explore a quick and simple method to identify ginseng medicinal materials. Methods Twenty types of ginseng medicinal materials were collected. The effects of two important factors:temperature and heating rate on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were investigated. The DSC features were used to quickly identify Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and Panna ginseng C.A.Mey. Results The optimal experimental conditions for rapid identification of Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and Panna ginseng C.A.Mey by DSC were determined: temperature range 30-400 ℃, heating rate 30 ℃/min. Under these conditions, the characteristic peak temperature and thermal enthalpy value can be used to distinguish four kinds of ginseng. Conclusions The experiment shows that the DSC method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid measurement, good reproducibility, easy analysis of the spectrum and less sample consumption. It is a new method for quickly identifying Chinese medicinal materials of ginseng genus.

Objective:To establish a simple and fast differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method for identifying different gelatin Chinese herbal slices and formula granules.Methods:Adopting DSC method with 100 mesh sample size, making aluminum crucible as the reference, nitrogen was atmosphere, and the flow rate was 100 ml/min. The optimal temperature increasing range and temperature increasing rate are investigated. Based on the optimized DSC test conditions, 42 batches of Asini corii colla, Cervi cornus colla, Testudinis carapacis and formula particles were identified.Results:The optimal heating range of DSC test was 30-500 ℃, and the heating rate was 30 ℃/min. There were 4, 3, 2 aracteristic peaks of Asini corii colla, Cervi cornus colla, and Testudinis carapacis et plastri colla, and their peaks' shapes and positions were different. The antler gum formula particles and tortoise shell formula particles had two exothermic peaks, but the peak positions were different. There was one exothermic peak in the Asini corii colla. There is an exothermic peak in the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and formula particles of antler gum formula particles at about 325 ℃. This exothermic peak can be used as the characteristic peak of antler gum formula particles.Conclusions:DSC has the advantages of simple operation, small amount, no reagents, fast measurement, good reproducibility, and easy analysis of the spectrum. And it can identify the value and size to distinguish between various gel pieces and formula granules.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with infection and the effects on immune level.Methods:A total of 150 SAP patients admitted to Deyang People′s Hospital from February 2018 to April 2019 were divided into the infected group ( n=90) and the uninfected group ( n=60) according to whether SAP was complicated with infection or not; the changes of pathogenic bacteria in the infection focus, infection risk factors, blood inflammatory cytokines levels and T-lymphocyte subgroups were analyzed. Results:A total of 105 pathogenic bacteria were detected in 90 SAP patients with infection, among which 74(70.5%) were gram-negative bacteria, mainly escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were 27 strains (25.7%) of gram-positive bacteria, mainly staphylococcus aureus, and 4 strains (3.81%) of fungi. Biliary causes, total parenteral nutrition time≥1 week, APACHEⅡ score≥11, surgical intervention, and respiratory mechanical ventilation were all independent factors for SAP infection (all P<0.05). At 24 hours after onset, blood IL-4(59.1±6.2)ng/L, IL-6(134.1±12.2) ng/L, IL-10(146.4±13.2)ng/L, TNF-ɑ(76.3±5.2)ng/L in infected group were all significantly higher than those in the uninfected group (all P values <0.05); at 30 days after the onset, blood IL-4(33.6±5.8)ng/L, IL-6(49.2±6.8)ng/L of the infected group, IL-10(80.7±8.8)ng/L, TNF-ɑ(28.7±5.5)ng/L in infected group were significantly lower than those in the uninfected group (all P values <0.05). At 24 hours after onset, the proportion of CD 4+ T lymphocytes in the infected group was significantly higher than that in the uninfected group [(45.3±5.5)% vs (32.3±5.2)%], and the proportion of CD 8+ T lymphocytes was significantly lower than that in the uninfected group [(20.6±4.2)% vs (29.7±4.8)%]; at 30 days after onset, the proportion of CD 4+ T lymphocytes in the infected group was significantly lower than that in the uninfected group [(21.6±3.7)% vs (40.2±2.5)%], and the proportion of CD 8+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the uninfected group [(48.4±4.1)% vs (32.8±4.0)%]; and all the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusions:The strains of concurrent infection with SAP were mainly gram-negative bacteria. Biliary causes, total parenteral nutrition time, surgical intervention and respiratory mechanical ventilation were all risk factors for concurrent infection with SAP. SAP infection may cause excessive inflammatory response and lead to immune cell damage, which should be paid attention to in clinical treatment.

Objective:To distinguish the differences between Olibanum and Myrrha by using modern analytical methods such as Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR). Methods:By collecting Olibanum and Myrrha in different growing areas and different processed prosecures, this paper to analizes the influence of temperature increase and its speed , as well as the particle size on the DSC experiment. The DSC method was used to perform a differential thermal map of Olibanum and Myrrha scanning and analysis; FT-IR was used to scan and analyze 20 batches of Olibanum and Myrrha. Results:TThe results of DSC analysis showed that the DSC experimental condition ranged between 30-600 ℃; the speed of temperature increase was 30 ℃/min; the particle size was 100 mesh. The DSC spectra of of Olibanum and Myrrha were significantly different. Only the processed products of frankincense had endothermic peak near 297 ℃, and there was no characteristic peak in this temperature range. Their exothermic peaks are close at 326 ℃, but their enthalpy values are quite different. The position of endothermic peak near 100 ℃ is close to the size of peak shape. FT-IR test showed that the absorption peaks of Olibanum and Myrrha at wave numbers 2 925, 1 710, 1 454, 1 371, 1 242, 1 029 cm -1 appeared, and the positions of strong peaks were also similar. The intensity of the characteristic peak of Myrrha wave number 1 029 cm -1 is greater than that of Olibanum. Conclusion:The DSC spectra of Olibanum and Myrrha are significantly different, and the difference between the two FT-IR spectra is small. Differential scanning Calorimetry is an effective, fast, and simple way to identify resinous Chinese medicinal materials, and is worthy of further popularization.

Blepharophimosis ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Skin Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Urogenital Abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts of collaborative teaching method on the teaching achievement of.

METHODSSix classes in Hunan University of CM of 2012 grade Chinese medicine department were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 3 classes in each one. In the observation group, the collaborative teaching method was adopted, in which, different teaching modes were used according to the characteristics of each chapter and the study initiative of students was predominated. In the control group, the traditional teaching method was used, in which, the class teaching was the primary and the practice was the secondary in the section of techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion. The results of each curriculum and the total results were compared between the two groups during the whole semester.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, in the observation group, the total achievements of curriculum and case analysis combined with the total result of the theory examination were apparently improved (both<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe collaborative teaching method improves the comprehensive ability of students and provides a new approach to the teaching of.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.

The biodiversity of the mycobiome, an important component of the oral microbial community, and the roles of fungal-bacterial and fungal-immune system interactions in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we sequenced the salivary mycobiome and bacteriome associated with OLP. First, we described the dysbiosis of the microbiome in OLP patients, which exhibits lower levels of fungi and higher levels of bacteria. Significantly higher abundances of the fungi Candida and Aspergillus in patients with reticular OLP and of Alternaria and Sclerotiniaceae_unidentified in patients with erosive OLP were observed compared to the healthy controls. Aspergillus was identified as an "OLP-associated" fungus because of its detection at a higher frequency than in the healthy controls. Second, the co-occurrence patterns of the salivary mycobiome-bacteriome demonstrated negative associations between specific fungal and bacterial taxa identified in the healthy controls, which diminished in the reticular OLP group and even became positive in the erosive OLP group. Moreover, the oral cavities of OLP patients were colonized by dysbiotic oral flora with lower ecological network complexity and decreased fungal-Firmicutes and increased fungal-Bacteroidetes sub-networks. Third, several keystone fungal genera (Bovista, Erysiphe, Psathyrella, etc.) demonstrated significant correlations with clinical scores and IL-17 levels. Thus, we established that fungal dysbiosis is associated with the aggravation of OLP. Fungal dysbiosis could alter the salivary bacteriome or may reflect a direct effect of host immunity, which participates in OLP pathogenesis.
Adult ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Case-Control Studies ; Dysbiosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; complications ; microbiology ; Male ; Microbiota ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; microbiology ; Mycobiome ; Saliva ; microbiology