ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng.MethodsChinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng was administered to 706 elderly citizens and evaluated for the reliability and validity.ResultsThe fittingness of the both exiting model were unidentified.A model of six factors and twenty-six items was determined using exploratory factor analysis.The fitness of such model was perfect ( RMSEA =0.050,AGFI =0.871,GFI =0.902,NFI =0.903,CFI =0.953 ) and all the construct reliability were more than 0.6 while the average variance extracted were higher than 0.5 except the diet yangsheng factor.The Cronbach's α of Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng was 0.918 and Cronbach's α of factors were all above 0.7.ConclusionThe Chinese version of tools in measuring yangsheng appears to have good validity and reliability to estimate the Yangsheng of elderly citizens in China.

Objective To find the safe vertical displacement for minimal infusion rate change of syringe pumps as the theoretical guidance for moving pumps. Methods The infusion volume within 1 minute after none and vertically moving 15, 25, 35, 50 cm of the pumps (microinfusion pump WZ-50C、WZ-50C2、BRAUN perfusor compact) at 10 ml/min were weighted and compared by the electronic balance. Results Significant differences of the infusion rate were detected. The difference of average infusion volume within 1 minute after vertically moving 15, 25, 35, 50 cm and non-movement were 0.004 (minimal),0.017, 0.033, 0.046ml. The lowest infusion curve of 15cm displacement stretches slightly above the horizontal plane until the inflexion in the section graph, leading to steeper in accordance with the increasing vertical displacement of the pumps,which implied the following drastic increase in infusion rate. Conclusions The minimal infusion change is obtained at 15cm, thus becomes the safe displacement height and the inflexion point of further soaring changes.

Objective:To study the use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guided transnasal ileus tube placement in management of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) after liver transplantation.Methods:From January 2015 to December 2019, a total of 30 patients who developed ACS after liver transplantation who were admitted to the Transplantation Intensive Care Unit of Tianjin First Central Hospital were retrospectively studied. According to the way of decompression, these patients were divided into the study group and the control group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional abdominal decompression, while patients in the study group were treated with DSA guided transnasal ileus tube placement based on management principles developed in conventional abdominal decompression. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, treatment efficacy rates and liver functions were monitored in the two groups up to 7 days after abdominal decompression.Results:There were 23 males and 7 females, aged (53.4±11.6) years. After treatment, the IAP, portal venous blood flow velocity, bile drainage volume, ALT and AST in the study group were significantly better when compared with the findings before treatment: [IAP: (7.13±3.87) vs (22.73±2.09) mmHg, portal vein blood flow velocity: (34.76±10.31) vs (21.45±6.47) cm/s, bile drainage volume: (198.43±19.94) vs (80.72±9.52) ml/d, ALT: (158.92±67.56) vs (278.73±99.17) U/L, AST: (79.36±15.63) vs (196.71±89.05) U/L], ( P<0.05). After treatment, when compared with the control group, the IAP, portal vein blood flow velocity, bile drainage and TBil in the study group were significantly better [IAP: (7.13±3.87) vs (13.47±6.19) mmHg, portal vein blood flow velocity: (34.76±10.31) vs (24.98±8.54) cm/s, bile drainage: (198.43±19.94) vs (108.73±21.30) ml/d, TBil: (258.85±91.95) vs (343.69±89.45) μmol/L], ( P<0.05). In the control group, the IAP significantly decreased on the fourth day after treatment, ( P<0.05); compared with the significant difference in the study group on the second day after treatment ( P<0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the efficacy rate of the control group was 46.7% (7/15), compared to 86.7% (13/15) in the study group. The difference between the two groups was significant (χ 2=5.400, P<0.05). Conclusion:DSA guided transnasal ileus tube placement for treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome after liver transplantation resulted in a better treatment efficacy rate than conventional treatment.

Objective:To study the clinical course and underlying causes of early severe neurological complication (ESNC) after pediatric liver transplantation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 309 pediatric liver transplantation recipients treated at Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018. ESNC occurred in 15 patients (4.8%, 15/309) within 1 month after liver transplantation. There were 7 males and 8 females, aged from 6 to 46 months. Liver transplantation was carried out for biliary atresia ( n=12), fulminant liver failure ( n=1), Niemann-Pick disease ( n=1) and Alagille syndrome ( n=1). The causes of ESNC and the prognosis were analyzed. Results:The onset of ESNC was 10.7 (0-28) d after liver transplantation. Twelve patients developed encephalopathy with epilepsy in 2 patients. Four of these patients were caused by severe infection, 4 by heart failure combined with respiratory failure which led to ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, 2 by transplant liver failure, 1 by intracranial infection, and 1 by severe brain swelling which led to brain death. Epilepsy occurred in 3 patients, 2 caused by neurotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors, and 1 caused by reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Three children with ESNC died after operation, including 1 brain death, 1 due to severe heart failure and 1 due to severe infection.Conclusions:ESNC occurred in 4.8% of patients which seriously affected long-term prognosis of patients. Measures to reduce the incidence of ESNC include prevention of postoperative infection and drug toxicity, and good control of cardiac insufficiency.

Objective To evaluate the effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/ cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-1/Gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling axis-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group (Sham group), IRI 2 h group, IRI 6 h group, IRI 12 h group, glycyrrhizic acid (GA)+Sham group and GA+IRI 12 h group (n=8 in each group). AML12 cells were evenly divided into the Sham group, IRI 12 h group, GA+Sham group and GA+IRI 12 h group. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay(ELISA). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The pathological score of liver ischemia and cell apoptosis were compared among all groups. The expression level of HMGB1 in the liver tissues of each group was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of HMGB1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in the mouse liver tissues and AML12 cells were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the Sham group, the serum levels of ALT, AST, IL-1β and IL-6 and the relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in the liver tissues were all significantly up-regulated after IRI in each group (all P < 0.05), and showed significant time-dependent pattern along with the prolongation of reperfusion time. Compared with the Sham group, the pathological score of hepatic ischemia and the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes were significantly increased after IRI in each group (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression level of HMGB1 in the liver tissues was significantly up-regulated after IRI, which showed an increasing trend along with the prolongation within the period of 2-12 h. Western blot showed that compared with the Sham group, the relative expression levels of HMGB1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins in vivo and in vitro were up-regulated in the IRI 12 h group. The relative expression level of HMGB1 protein was significantly up-regulated, whereas those of Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins were significantly down-regulated in the GA+IRI 12 h group compared with those in the IRI 12 h group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Hepatocytes probably activate the Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway by releasing HMGB1, thereby triggering hepatocyte pyroptosis and leading to liver IRI. Inhibition of extracellular release of HMGB1 by GA may mitigate liver IRI.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of octreotide therapeutic strategy to attenuate portal hyperperfusion resulted from small-for-size graft in infant liver transplantation.Methods A total of 22 infants received small-for-size liver graft (defined as GV/SLV＜0.5,and GV＜ 150 g) in our hospital from December 2013 to August 2016.Twelve cases (octreotide group) were treated with intravenous octreotide infusion (300 g daily for 24-96 h) to attenuate the portal hyperperfusion after transplantation,and the rest 10 cases given liver transplantation at the early stage did not receive the intervention of octreotide and served as control group.Results The initial portal vein flows (PVFs) in octreotide group and control group were (413.43 ± 76.24) (390.83 ± 107.89) ml/(min 100 g),and there was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).The PVFs on postoperative day (POD) 3 and POD5 in octreotide group and control group were (334.90 ± 96.67) and (441.04 ± 117.41),and (322.20 ± 81.04) and (423.23 ± 100.81) mL/(min 100 g) respectively (P＜0.05 for all).However,there were no significant differences in serum AST and bilirubin levels at four time points (initial,POD3,POD5 and POD7) after transplantation between two groups (P＞0.05).The incidence of hepatic artery occlusion,and biliary complications in octreotide group and ontrol group was 33.33％ and 44.44％,and 33.33％ and 11.11％ respectively (P ＞ 0.05 for all).Conclusion Octreotide treatment attenuated portal hyperperfusion resulted from small-for-size graft in infant liver transplantation.However,the effects of octreotide therapy on graft biochemical tests,the hepatic artery and biliary complications were still unclear,and further investigation is needed.

Objective:To investigate the application value of triangular modal construed for planning approach of laparoscopic local resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 10 patients who underwent local laparoscopic resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January to June 2020 were collected. There were 6 males and 4 females, aged from 41 to 63 years, with a median age of 54 years. Preoperative triangular model was constructed for all patients to plan approach of laparoscopic local resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe. Observation indicators: (1) preoperative general situations of patients; (2) surgical situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect tumor recurrence and survival of patients up to February 2021. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD. Count data were expressed was absolute numbers. Results:(1) Preoperative general situations of patients: hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 7 cases, inthahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was found in 2 cases and ovarian cancer with liver metastasis was found in 1 case. Three cases had tumors located in S4a segment, 2 cases had tumors located in ventral subsegment of S8 segment, 2 cases had tumors located in dorsal subsegment of S8 segment, and 3 cases had tumors across the ventral segment of S4a+S8. The diameter of tumors was (3.4±1.0)cm. (2) Surgical situation: all the 10 patients underwent R 0 resection successfully, with no intraoperative blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. The operation time of 10 patients was (149±59)minutes, the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (294±163)mL, the minimum surgical margin of specimen was (1.1±0.2)cm. The alanine aminotransferase was (324±151)U/L on the postoperative first day, the aspartic aminotransferase was (401±113)U/L on the postoperative first day, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay was (9±4)days. No bile leakage, hemorr-hage, reoperation or other complications occurred in all patients. (3) Follow-up: 10 patients were followed up for 7?13 months, with a median follow-up time of 11 months. All patients had no margin recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to construct triangular modal for planning approach of local laparoscopic resection of liver tumors located in superior part of central liver lobe.

Objective To discuss the surgical strategy for children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD).Methods We reported two eases of pediatric liver transplantation in patients with complex CHD and ESLD.Medical data including operation procedure,ICU management and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively.Also we reviewed the literature on the topic of clinical outcomes resulted from different surgery options.Results The first case was a seven-month-old male patient with biliary atresia and complex CHD (unroofed coronary sinus syndrome,persistent left superior vena cava,patent foramen ovale,and peripheral pulmonary stenosis).Liver transplantation was successfully performed without corrective heart surgery.The operation time was 6 h and 35 min.The patient suffered acute cardiac dysfunction and significant hypoxemia after extubation,then pneumonia developed,and eventually the patient died on post-operative day 12.The second case was a seven-month-old male patient with biliary atresia and complex CHD (ventricular septal defect,patent foramen ovale,patent ductus arteriosus,pulmonary stenosis).Liver transplantation was performed on the same day following total correction of cardiac defects by open-heart surgery.The operation time was 16 h and 15 min.The patient was extubated after 60 h ventilation,and was transferred to ward from ICU on post-operative day 6 with stable cardiopulmonary function.However,hepatic artery occlusion occurred on early postoperative stage,and consequently the patient received the second liver transplantation for ischemic biliary complication on post-operative day 40.The second liver transplantation procedure was uneventful.The liver graft recovered smoothly with stable hemodynamics.Conclusion Children with complex CHD undergoing liver transplantation are at an increased perioperative risk.The surgical strategy for each patient must be tailored individually according to specific cardiovascular status and limited hepatic reserve.

Objective:To study the influencing factors of liver regeneration and their prognostic impact after split liver transplantation.Methods:The clinical data of 44 patients who underwent split liver transplantation at the Organ Transplant Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to July 2021 were analysed. There were 19 males and 25 females, aged (49±12) years old. Based on whether the liver regeneration rate (LRR) was greater than 100%, these patients were divided into the good regeneration group (LRR≥100%, n=24) and the poor regeneration group (LRR<100%, n=20). The differences in the perioperative data and postoperative survival rates between the two groups were compared. The patients were followed up by outpatient reexamination or telephone. Results:On days 15, 30, 90, and 180 after operation, the volume change rates in the transplanted liver were (117.04±7.00)%, (164.03±16.72)%, (180.98±26.30)%, (159.40±26.28)%, respectively. The body mass index, anhepatic period, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative blood transfusion, hospitalization time, recovery time of liver function, fatty degeneration of donor liver and type of donor liver were the influencing factors of liver regenera-tion after split liver transplantation. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase on the days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 after operation in the group of patient with good regeneration were significantly lower than those in the group of patient with poor regeneration ( P<0.05). The levels of total bilirubin in the group of patient with good regeneration was significantly lower than those in the group of patient with poor regeneration on days 5, 6 and 7 after operation ( P<0.05). The portal vein flow per 100 g of liver mass in the good regeneration group was significantly better than the poor regeneration group on day 1 and 30 after operation. The 6-month cumulative survival rates of the good regeneration group and the poor regeneration group were 95.8% and 70.0% respectively, and the difference was significant ( P=0.017). Conclusions:Body mass index, anhepatic period, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, hospitalization time, recovery time of liver function, fatty degeneration of donor liver and type of donor liver were the influencing factors of liver regeneration after split liver transplantation. The prognosis of recipients with poor liver regeneration was significantly worse than recipients with good liver regeneration.