OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of balloon sinuplasty, and to summarize the main points of its use. METHOD: Fifteeen patients (41 sinuses) were offered treatment with a new technique of balloon sinuplasty and followed for 3 to 6 months after surgery, including "balloon-only" patients and "hybrid" patients. Effectiveness was evaluated by endoscopic examination and computed tomographic (CT) scan. The effect of the operation was tested by the Lund-Mackay CT scores, and the patient's subjective symptoms were tested by the sino-nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) to evaluate postoperative condition. RESULT: Fifteeen patients (41 sinuses) were followed after surgery, including 9 "balloon-only" patients and 6 "hybrid" patients. No unanticipated adverse effects were noted in any patients. Endoscopic examination showed the sinus ostium was opening well, and CT scan showed the lesions apparently disappeared. Lund-Mackay CT scores showed that all patients postoperative scores were significantly improved from baseline at 3 months and 6 months. SNOT-20 showed that all patients postoperative scores were significantly improved from baseline at 3 months and 6 months. There was no significant difference between the "balloon-only" patients and "hybrid" patients. Operation curative effect is very confirmed, and subjective symptoms improved significantly. CONCLUSION Balloon sinuplasty can not only open nasal sinus effectively, but also preserve normal tissue structure and mucous membrane of nasal cavity and nasal sinus. Balloon sinuplasty appears to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment option to relieve sinus ostial obstruction. Patients who received balloon catheter sinusotomy in endoscopic sinus surgery had significant improvement after surgery. Balloon sinuplasty can also be combined with the endoscopic sinus surgery to achieve a better therapeutic effect. It is worth of clinical promotion and application.
Airway Obstruction ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the expression of Snail in laryngeal carcinoma and to explore its relationship with invasion and metastasis in subgroup laryngeal carcinoma cells. Method The expression of Snail protein was examined by immunohistochemistry staining in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma. The statistical evaluation was performed to detect the correlation between the Snail protein expression and clinical features. In different subgroups of laryngeal carcinoma cells (CD 44+CD 133+cells, CD 44 and CD 133-cells), the expression of Snail and adhesion molecules E-cadherin were detected by RT-PCR,Western blot test and immunochemical staining which were studied in the correlation with invasion and metastasis. Results The result of immunohistochemical staining revealed that Snail was moderately or highly expressed in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma significantly and higher than those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues(P<0.01). Expression of Snail was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and clinical classification(P<0.05).However, it was not related to the age , gender and clinical type. RT-PCR and Western blot test results confirmed that the expression level of Snail was significantly higher in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells than in CD 44-and CD 133-laryngeal cancer cells, otherwise the expression level of E-cadherin in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells was significantly lower than in the CD 44-and CD 133-laryngeal cancer cells. Cell immunohistochemical staining confirmed the expression of Snail and E-cadherin were negatively correlated in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells. Conclusion Over expression of Snail in laryngeal carcinoma is closely related to the development of laryngeal cancer and lymph node metastasis. The expression of Snail in the CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cell subgroup is negatively correlated with adhesion molecules E-cadherin, which is a close correlation with invasion and metastasis of laryngeal cancer cells.

Molecular targeted drugs are the first choice for systemic treatment of liver cancer. In the past decade, several anti-liver cancer targeted drugs have been launched. More recently, immunotherapy has become a dazzling nova in the field of systemic treatment of liver cancer. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved as second-line treatments for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib. However, the effect of single-agent treatment is always unsatisfactory in advanced liver cancer. An increasing number of evidences suggests that molecular targeted drugs have important immunomodulatory effects for liver cancer, and several targeted combined immunotherapies have also shown promising clinical effectiveness. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory effects of several molecular targeted drugs in the field of liver cancer.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib as a second-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:Ninety-four cases with mid-and advanced-stage HCC who received camrelizumab combined with apatinib as second-line treatment were enrolled. Routine blood test, blood biochemical indexes, tumor stage, tumor imaging characteristics, previous treatment strategies and other clinical data before treatment were documented. Imaging examination follow-up results and adverse reactions during treatment were followed up until the end of follow-up or loss of follow-up or death. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the clinical efficacy.Results:As of the last follow-up, 94 cases with mid-and advanced-stage HCC had received camrelizumab combined with apatinib as second-line treatment. Among them, 15 cases were lost to follow-up, 31 cases died, and 48 cases survived. The overall remission rate was 31.9%. The overall disease control rate was 71.3%. The median time to disease-free progression was 6.6 months. The median time to disease progression was not yet available. The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 62.3%. Grade 3 and above adverse reactions mainly included were thrombocytopenia (7.4%), abdominal pain (4.3%), active hepatitis (4.3%), leukopenia (4.3%), diarrhea (3.2%), hand-foot syndrome (3.2%). All adverse reactions were effectively controlled.Conclusion:Camrelizumab combined with apatinib can effectively prolong the survival period of patients with mid-and advanced-stage HCC, and it is well tolerated.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of microwave ablation in the treatment of early small liver cancer (≤3 cm).Methods:103 cases with small liver cancer (tumor number < 3 and maximum tumor diameter < 3 cm) who underwent microwave ablation from November 2016 to November 2018 were retrospectively collected. The rate of residual lesions, recurrence rate one-year after the operation, and surgical complications were observed and grouped according to tumor size (< 2 cm and≥2 cm group) and tumor numbers (solitary and 2 ~ 3 lesion groups). The therapeutic effects of each group were compared and analyzed.Results:The tumor residual rate and one-year recurrence rate of small liver cancer after microwave ablation were 11.7% and 35.0%, respectively. The post-ablation syndrome incidence rate was 52.4%, with no serious adverse events. Compared with tumors < 2 cm, patients with≥2 cm had a higher postoperative residual rate ( χ2 = 7.651, P = 0.006), and the one-year recurrence rate of more solitary nodular tumors was lower ( χ2 = 10.125, P = 0.001). Conclusion:Microwave ablation is a safe and effective treatment for early small liver cancer, and it is more effective for small solitary nodules (< 2 cm).

Objective:To explore the value of the aMAP risk score (age, male, albumin -bilirubin, and platelets) to predict early recurrence within one year after microwave ablation in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:This was a retrospective study that enrolled 142 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with microwave ablation in the Department of Hepatology Unit of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from July 2016 to July 2021. The cohort enrolled 121 male and 21 female patients, including 110 patients that were <60 years old. All the patients were followed-up after microwave ablation to evaluate residual tumor and recurrence of tumor by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The observation indices mainly included general data and imaging data of patients. Using the X-tile tools, patients were divided into two groups: a high aMAP score group and a low aMAP score group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted for comparison of independent risk factors.Results:Multivariate Cox regression showed that high aMAP score, maximum tumor diameter >20 mm, and high AFP were the independent risk factors of early recurrence (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median recurrence-free survival was 25.5 months in the low aMAP score group and 6.1 months in the high aMAP score group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:The aMAP score could predict the early recurrence within 1 year of small hepatocellular carcinoma after microwave ablation. Patients with high aMAP score should undergo rigorous postoperative follow-up evaluations..