Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of a hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" in residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the training base of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, as the research subject.Methods:A total of 144 trainees receiving residency training and 32 receiving specialist training were enrolled from June 2022 to April 2023 and were divided into experimental group and control group, with 72 trainees receiving residency training and 16 receiving specialist training in each group. Clinical and learning tasks were designed using the traditional model for the control group and the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" for the experimental group, and the performance of trainees in theoretical assessments and self-evaluations was recorded. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:The hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" achieved a significant effect in both theoretical assessments and self-evaluations of the trainees. As for the trainees receiving specialty training, there was a significant difference in the score of theoretical assessment between the experimental group and the control group (84.56±4.05 vs. 81.13±2.78, P<0.05), and as for the trainees receiving residency training, there was also a significant difference in this score between the experimental group and the control group (84.74±4.85 vs. 82.10±4.34, P<0.01). The results of self-assessment questionnaire showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had a higher proportion of trainees giving positive evaluations of various indicators. Conclusions:This study suggests that the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" provides an effective teaching model for residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and this model may help to enhance disciplinary interests and promote clinical practice abilities, thereby providing valuable insights for future medical education in China.