Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in the genitourinary system and the current therapeutic approaches are unsatisfactory. Urinary cell-free DNA (ucf DNA) has the ability to give comprehensive and crucial information on cancer as it carries genetic messages from cells shedding directly into urine as well as transporting from circulation. The ucf DNA of patients with bladder cancer carries disease information, suggesting that ucf DNA may have the ability to detect, monitor, and prognosticate patients with bladder cancer. The ucf DNA analysis bridges the gap between current techniques and enhances diagnostic and detection capabilities, and has a very promising future in term of translation into clinical practice. This article reviewed the progress of clinical applications of ucf DNA in bladder cancer.

Objective:To study the stability and influencing factors of potassium iodate iodized salt that can be sold in Jilin Province.Methods:In November 2020, 10 large supermarkets were randomly selected in Jilin Province, and two kinds of potassium iodate iodized salts were randomly selected in each supermarket, with five copies of each kind, a total of 100 samples of iodized salt, and the iodine content was determined by spectrophotometry (iodide-starch blue light method). Iodized salt samples were classified according to different salt species (mine salt, sea salt and lake salt) and different production processes (refined salt and non-refined salt). The salt was stored at room temperature, and the iodine content in the salt was measured at 0, 10 and 20 days after opening the packaging. The iodine content attenuation rates of different salt species and different production processes were compared.Results:The mine salt, sea salt and lake salt in iodized salt samples were 45, 45 and 10 portions, respectively. The iodine contents of the 0th day of storage [(19.89 ± 1.38), (20.62 ± 1.91), (19.78 ± 1.01) mg/kg] were compared, and the difference was not statistically significant ( F = 2.57, P = 0.093). On the 10th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt and lake salt, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); on the 20th day, the iodine content of mine salt was lower than that of sea salt, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content of mine salt stored at 0, 10 and 20 days ( F = 90.62, P < 0.001). The iodine content of sea salt and lake salt on the 20th day was significantly lower than that on the 0th and 10th day, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt on the 0 - 10 days was compared with that on the 10 - 20 days, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = 2.24, 2.94, 2.80, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of mine salt, sea salt and lake salt during the 0 - 10 days of storage ( Z = 24.05, P < 0.001), there was no statistically significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates on 10 - 20 days ( Z = 5.86, P = 0.053). There was no significant difference in iodine content attenuation rates between refined salt and non-refined salt on 0 - 10, 10 - 20 days ( Z = 1.16, 0.28, P > 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the iodine content attenuation rates of refined salt and non-refined salt on the 0 - 10 days compared with those of 10 - 20 days ( Z = 0.76, 1.90, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Iodine loss occurs at 20 days after opening the packaging of iodized salt in Jilin Province. The attenuation of iodine content is less affected by salt species and production processes. It is recommended to eat iodized salt within 20 days after opening the packaging.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score for weaning out-comes in patients with mechanically ventilation in ICU. Method:The study enrolled 127 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Guang-dong provincial people's hospital from October 2022 to August 2023,including 85 males and 42 females.All patients were evaluated within 24 hours of ICU admission for general information and clinical data such as MoCA score,ventilation volume(MV),Apache Ⅱ score,tidal volume(VT),shallow rapid breathing index(RSBI),oxygenation index(OI),blood gas analysis,and the duration of mechanical ventilation before a spon-taneous breathing trial.Outcomes of weaning were then evaluated,dividing patients into a successful weaning group(92 patients)and a weaning failure group(35 patients).Univariate analysis identified factors related to weaning failure;multivariable binary logistic regression determined risk and protective factors affecting the weaning outcome,calculating odds ratio(OR),95％confidence interval(95％CI)and accuracy(Acc).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of MoCA score was drawn to calculate the area under the curve(AUC),Yolden index(YI),cutoff value(Cut off),sensitivity(Se),specificity(Sp)to analyze the predic-tive value of the MoCA score in weaning mechanically ventilated patients. Result:There were no significant differences between the two groups in general data except for BMI index(P＞0.05).Significant differences were observed in Apache-Ⅱ scores,MoCA scores,PaO2,VT,MV,and the dura-tion of mechanical ventilation(P＜0.05).Binary logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that a higher Mo-CA score(OR=0.824,95％CI:0.720-0.944,P=0.005)was an independent protective factor for weaning out-comes.Higher minute ventilation(OR=0.600,95％CI:0.416-0.865,P=0.006)was also an independent protec-tive factor for weaning outcomes.AUC for MoCA score was 0.746(95％CI:0.661-0.819,P=0.001)with an optimal cutoff value of 20 points,corresponding sensitivity(Se)of 77.14％,specificity(Sp)of 68.48％and pre-diction accuracy(Acc)of 74.02％. Conclusion:A higher MoCA score is an independent protective factor influencing weaning outcomes.A MoCA score ≤ 20 increases the risk of weaning failure.Higher MoCA scores correlate with higher success rate of weaning;each one-point increase in MoCA score increases the success rate of 17.6％.