Objective To study the methods of differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma using multiphasic helical CT.Methods The data triphase helical CT of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in 7 cases and hepatic adenomas in 5 cases proved pathologically were aualysed.The number,morphology,size,central scars and calcifications of lesions were observed,and the CT values of lesions and liver parenchyma on plain scan,arterial phase and portal venous phase were measured respectively.Results In 7 cases of FNH , mulitple lesions were present in one case , single lesion was in other 6 cases , totally 10 lesions in which six lesions were larger than 3 cm and four of the other were smaller than 3 cm in diameter , the central scars were detected in 7 cases . Five cases of hepatic adenoma were single and larger than 3 cm in diameter, no central scars were detected . Both focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma no calicification could be seen . The study showed no significant difference between mean density values of focal nodular hyperplasia ( 48.18?7.82 ) HU and hepatic adenoma ( 42.54?2.37 ) HU on plain scan . In aterial phase , CT values were significant higher in focal nodular hyperplasia(124.29?18.69) HU than that in hepatic adenoma(83.29?9.09) HU.In the portal venous phase,no significant difference in values were detected between focal nodular hyperplasia(110.51?22.71) HU and hepatic adenoma(123.75?5.01) HU.Conclusion The differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma can be done by multiphasic helical CT in combination with the quantitative evaluation of the density of liver lesions.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on the concentration of ethanol in serum and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver and stomach tissue in alcoholic mice.METHODS:All mice were given p.o white spirit30min after p.o saline or5%NAC solution,and the durations from the disappear of righting reflex to recovery in mice were recorded and the number of dead mice in24hours were countered;With the same procedure for six days,the mice were killed by withdrawaling blood from orbit,and taken out the liver and stomach immediately,the concentrations of ethanol in serum and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver and stomach were measured by chromatometry and colorimetric method respectively.RESULTS:In drunk test,5%NAC solution significantly postponed the time from p.o white spirit to the disappear of righting reflex(P

Objective: To investigate the effect of endocannabinoid system on cardiac hypertrophy in experimental rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia and to study the impact of endocannabinoid antagonist, rimonabant in such pathological processing.
Methods: A total of 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. 4 and 6 weeks of Normal control group, 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia group, 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia with rimonabant intervention group. n=8 in each group. The rats were sacrificed to measure left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the myocardial cell morphological changes were observed by optical microscope, the expression of cardiac calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry at 4 and 6 weeks respectively.
Results: Compared with 4 and 6 weeks of Normal control group, the LVMI, cardiac hypertrophy condition, CaMKII and CT-1 were increased in 4 and 6 weeks of Hypoxia group, all P<0.001. Compared with Normal control group and Hypoxia group, the above indexes in Hypoxia with rimonabant intervention group were higher than those in Normal control group while lower than those in Hypoxia group, all P<0.001.
Conclusion: The Chronic intermittent hypoxia could induce myocardial hypertrophy via endocannabinoid system disorders, such pathological processing could be reduced by rimonabant intervention.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） is a special type of liver cancer with atypical clinical symptoms in the early stage， and most patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis. Due to a lack of effective molecular markers and treatment options， ICC patients tend to have an extremely low five-year survival rate. Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells that contain proteins， RNA， and lipids， and they are important carriers of intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes play a crucial role in the development and progression of ICC， and this article reviews the role and mechanism of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of ICC and looks into the future treatment prospect and potential clinical application of exosomes.

l-Heptopyranoses are important components of bacterial polysaccharides and biological active secondary metabolites like septacidin (SEP), which represents a group of nucleoside antibiotics with antitumor, antifungal, and pain-relief activities. However, little is known about the formation mechanisms of those l-heptose moieties. In this study, we deciphered the biosynthetic pathway of the l,l-gluco-heptosamine moiety in SEPs by functional characterizing four genes and proposed that SepI initiates the process by oxidizing the 4'-hydroxyl of l-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose moiety of SEP-328 ( 2) to a keto group. Subsequently, SepJ (C5 epimerase) and SepA (C3 epimerase) shape the 4'-keto-l-heptopyranose moiety by sequential epimerization reactions. At the last step, an aminotransferase SepG installs the 4'-amino group of the l,l-gluco-heptosamine moiety to generate SEP-327 ( 3). An interesting phenomenon is that the SEP intermediates with 4'-keto-l-heptopyranose moieties exist as special bicyclic sugars with hemiacetal-hemiketal structures. Notably, l-pyranose is usually converted from d-pyranose by bifunctional C3/C5 epimerase. SepA is an unprecedented monofunctional l-pyranose C3 epimerase. Further in silico and experimental studies revealed that it represents an overlooked metal dependent-sugar epimerase family bearing vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) architecture.