Objective To explore the significance and value of loss of digitations of hippocampal head in diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis.Methods Eighteen patients with hippocampal sclerosis comfirmed by histopathological examination and 18 cases to be matched control group were examined by MRI . The digitations,atrophic change and abnormal signals of hippocampal head were evaluated retrospectively.Results Of 18 patients with hippocampal sclerosis, loss of digitations was seen in 16 cases, poorly visible in 1 case and exist in 1 case. The sclerotic hippocampal heads all had atrophic change and were hyperintensity on T_2-weighted and FLAIR MR imagings. No loss of digitations were seen in the opposite side of the hippocampal sclerosis and all hippocampal heads in control group.Conclusion The loss of digitations of hippocampal head is a sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: At present, MRI is the key method to examine the hippocampal sclerosis of the patients with epilepsy. The main results are the abnormal signals of hippocampus, in addition, other symbols of MRI can also suggest the hippocampal sclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To study the significance and value of the loss of visualization of digitations of hippocampal head in diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis through the analysis of MRI on patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.DESIGN: Non-randomized, blind procedure(data selection, result evaluation), blank controlled and clinical experiment.SETTING: Departments of radiology in two universities.PARTICIPANTS: Between September 1996 and December 2002, 18 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were selected from the Department of Radiology,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University. Meanwhile,patients with headache were diagnosed with MRI. Eighteen healthy people,whose ages were matched, were as control group.METHODS: Among 18 patients, MRI of 16 patients and 18 people in the control group were performed with a GE 1.5T Horizon MR unit and another 2with a GE 1.5T Signa whole body MR unit. With the double blind procedure, whether the digitations of hippocampal head of 72 hippocampal heads of 36 people in both patient and control groups exist or not was recorded by two radiologists with knowledge of hippocampal dissection but without knowing the condition of clinical operation. The results were divided into 3 levels:loss, poorly visible and existing, and hippocampal atrophy and abnormal signals were also recorded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Image condition of digitations of head,size of hippocampal head and changes of signal.RESULTS: Of 18 patients with hippocampal sclerosis, the abnormal findings included smooth and the loss of visualization of digitations of hippocampal heads seen in 16 patients, poorly visible of digitations of hippocampal head in one patient, and existence of digitations of hippocampal head in one patient. Hippocampal atrophy and high signals on T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging were seen in all patients. The sensitivity of loss of digitations of hippocampal heads for diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis was 88.9% (16/18), and the specificity was 100%.CONCLUSSION: The loss of visualization of digitations of hippocampal head is a sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis. Atrophic changes of hippocampus combining with the increase of T2-weighted signal can definitely diagnose the hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective To investigate the intra-and postoperative course of patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resections under intermittent total pedicle occlusion (IPO),hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HVO),and selective vascular occlusion(SVO).Methods Retrospective analysis the data of 41 cases of laparoscopic liver resection were conducted in three groups of patients under different occlusion methods,including 15 cases of intermittent total pedicle occlusion (IPO),12 cases of hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HVO) and 14 cases of selective vascular occlusion (SVO).Intraoperation blood loss,operation time,conversion to open operation,changes in postoperative liver function,hospital stays and complications were compared among the three methods.Results There was no operative death in any of the 41 patients.There was no conversion to open surgery.Generally,there was no significant difference among the three groups in blood loss,clamping time or operative time.Ten patients had postoperative complication and all were cured.The effect on liver function for Gro-HVO and Gro-SVO was significantly less severe than that for Gro-IPO (P ＜ 0.05) after operation.Conclusions Both HVO and SVO are feasible and safe in laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH),and have advantage in reducing liver remnant ischemia injury and modality rate over IPO.HVO is easy to do for left lateral lobe or resection of the left half of the liver.SVO is suitable for right lobe resection.

Objective To explore the practice teaching model of human anatomy through re-forming the practice teaching of system anatomy and regional anatomy. Methods Three classes of clinical medicine (5-year program) were randomly selected as reform experimental classes and the other 3 classes of the same grade were used as control classes. The teaching content of practice teach-ing was reformed in the experimental classes. In the system anatomy practice teaching, the teacher controlled the teaching process and developed the theme and requirements of each experimental class while the student completed the experiment developed by the teacher. In the regional anatomy practice teaching, students' interest in learning was stimulated by the content , which was related with the surgery, and the teacher guided students to complete the operation. In control classes, the forms of student observation as well as teacher answering questions and helping students were adopted. The student grading was divided into theoretical knowledge examination and specimen assessment and the achievement was analyzed by using a Simple Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS 16.0. Results Compared with those of control classes, the scores of system anatomy and regional anatomy in experi-mental classes were significantly increased (80.7±5.8) vs. (67.4±17.4), (85.1±4.6) vs. (62.6± 12.4) and the theoretical scores of system anatomy were also improved significantly. But no significant difference in theoretical scores of regional anatomy was observed. Conclusions The teaching mode based on the practice teaching highlights the academic characteristics of the human anatomy, increas-es students' interest in learning and improves the effectiveness of practice teaching in human anatomy.

Six atrazine-degrading strains, Pseudomonas spp. AD1, AD2, AD6, Agrobacterium sp. AD4, Xanthomonas AD5, and Erwinia sp. AD7, were isolated from industrial wastewater. These strains are able to grow on atrazine as sole nitrogen source. Strain AD1 is able to degrade atrazine of 0. 3g/L in minimal medium at a percentage of 99.9% in 72 hours. PCR products that are homologous to the atrazine chlorohydrolase gene atzA)from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP were obtained by PCR method using total DNA of the strains AD1 ,AD4,AD5,AD6,and AD7 as templates.

Objective: To understand the health education demands of primary and middle school students in Guiyang. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey for 5 540 students in grades 3-9 in Guiyang. Results: The report rate of dental caries decreases with the increase of school age(P<0.05), and the reporting rate of myopia and the appearance of sexual development characteristics increases with the increase of school age(P<0.05). Proportion of middle and primary school students who could get enough sleep every day(17.6% and 22.0%) and one hour of outdoor activities every day(13.9% and 20.9%) was relatively low.The proportion of graduating students with running away from home and suicide/self-injury ideas/plans and behaviors was higher than other grades in the same school period(P<0.05).The proportion of middle school female students who have thoughts/plans of running away from home, suicidal/self-injury plans and behaviors was higher than that of male students.Students with greater academic pressure,fewer friends,and lack of communication with their parents were more likely to have thoughts/plans or behaviors of running away from home and suicide/self-harm(P<0.05). There were 4 600 students(83.3%) who expressed the demands for health education.School was the primary source of health knowledge for students,with the class meetings accounted for the most practices.Health education on healthy behaviors and lifestyles were highly expected. Conclusion The health education demands of primary and middle school students in Guiyang show age and sex specific characteristics.Health education should follow the physical and psychological development characteristics of students and adapt to the needs of students.

Aim To determine the effective compo-nents of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae for sedative-hypnotic and its mechanism. Methods The extraction of Se-men Ziziphi Spinosae and the rat brain homogenates were prepared. High concentrations of Diazepam com-petitively replaced the ligand compounds of Semen Ziz-iphi Spinosae combining BDZ receptor in brain tissue, and all the compounds with sedative and hypnotic effects were collected and identified by HPLC and LC-MS technique, as the compounds extracted from the brain tissue were administered with Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae. The brain tissue was administered with Diaze-pam, and with Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Diazepam. Results The HPLC chromatograms show that the peak time of BDZ receptor ligand compounds was 2. 71 min and 46. 87min, when compared with Diazepam. And the LC-MS chromatograms display the relative molecu-lar weight of the ligand compounds was 274. 28 m/z, 453. 34 m/z,496. 34 m/z and 608. 38 m/z respective-ly. According to the fingerprint of Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae, these compounds may be fatty acid substances and lupine pill triterpene compounds. Conclusions On the basis of the principle of receptor ligand bind-ing, we established a way to quickly analyze and iden-tify the role of natural products in the same drug target compounds. The method not only can clearly define the effective components of natural products, but also clar-ify the mechanism of action of the compounds. The ac-tive ingredient of calm hypnosis in Semen Ziziphi Spi-nosae may be fatty acid substances Palmitic acid ( C16 H32 O2 ) and lupine pill triterpene compounds Alphitolic acid( C30 H48 O4 ) and Spinosin( C28 H32 O15 ) . They exert their sedative and hypnotic effects by combining with BDZ receptor, and the research has laid a theoretical foundation for the further study about mechanism of Se-men Ziziphi Spinosae.

Objective To investigate the rescue effect of Drp1 gene over-expression on drosophila models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and their specific mechanism using iTRAQ-based proteomic technology. Methods The drosophilae from 3 groups, control group, PD group (PINK1 mutant), and rescue group (PINK1 mutant+Drp1 over-expression) were cultured at routine ways. The wing shape and movement ability of drosophilae were observed, and the percentages of drosophilae having abnormal wings and normal flight were calculated. The proteomic changes were determined by iTRAQ technology; the functions and signaling pathways of the differential expressed proteins were analyzed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results Percentage of drosophilae having abnormal wings in the rescue group (2.60％±0.47％) was significantly decreased as compared with that in the PD group (82.40％±12.47％, P<0.05), and the percentage of drosophilae having normal flight in the rescue group (89.70％±7.76％) was significantly increased as compared with that in the PD group (3.30％±1.69％, P<0.05). A total of 3630 proteins were identified using iTRAQ; 282 differential expressed proteins between the PD group and control group were detected, which mainly were iron ion related proteins; 170 differential expressed proteins between the PD group and rescue group were detected, which mainly were zinc ion related proteins. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on these co-differential expressed proteins revealed that 21％ proteins had metal ion binding activity, especially zinc ion. Conclusion Abnormal iron homeostasis, especially zinc homeostasis, participates in PD pathophysiological processes and over-expressing Drp1 rescued PD processes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in urban and rural areas of Ningbo and Yongzhou. METHOD: Fifteen fields in the two cities from October 2006 to June 2007 were randomly selected. Cases suspected with symptoms of AR by a self-administered and interview questionnaire were recommended to special examinations for confirmed diagnosis. RESULT: 1. A total of 9969 individuals from 3803 families were surveyed, of whom 303 suffered with AR. 2. The prevalence rate was 4.10% in Ningbo and 1.65% in Yongzhou (the sex-adjusted rate was 4.10% and 1.64% respectively, and the age-adjusted rate was 4.33% and 1.58%); the population of island inhabitants had the lowest prevalence rate of 0.73%. 3. The prevalence rate in patients with asthma and that with family genetic history was 8% and 12% respectively. CONCLUSION It demonstrates that the prevalence rate is higher in Ningbo than in Yongzhou, in urban than in rural and in adolescent than in other ages. Allergic rhinitis may be associated with asthma and related to genetic factors. Allergic rhinitis may be curable.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the molecular characteristics of a dengue virus outbreak in China-Myanmar border region, Yunnan province, 2015 and provide etiological evidence for the disease control and prevention.

METHODSSemi-nested RTPCR was conducted to detect the capsid premembrane (CprM) gene of RNA of dengue virus by using dengue virus NS1 positive serum samples collected in Mengdin township, Gengma county, Yunnan province in July, 2015. Some positive samples were then detected by using PCR with specific primers to amplify the full E gene. The positive PCR products were directly sequenced. Then sequences generated in this study were BLAST in NCBI website and aligned in Megalign in DNAstar program. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out by using Mega 5.05 software based on the sequences generated in this study and sequences downloaded from GenBank, including the representative strains from different countries and regions. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Neighbor-Joining tree methods with Mega 5.05 software.

RESULTSTwenty one of 25 local cases and 10 of 14 imported cases from Myanmar were positive for DENV-1. Eight serum samples were negative for dengue virus. A total of 13 strains with E gene (1485 bp), including 8 local strains and 5 imported strains, were sequenced, which shared 100% nucleotide sequence identities. Twelve strains with CprM gene (406 bp) from 9 local cases and 3 imported cases shared 100% nucleotide sequence identities. Phylogenetic analyses based on E gene showed that the new 13 strains clustered in genotype I of dengue virus and formed a distinct lineage.

CONCLUSIONSThis outbreak was caused by genotype I of DENV-1, which had the closest phylogenetic relationships with dengue virus from neighboring Burma area. Comprehensive measures of prevention and control of dengue fever should be strengthened to prevent the spread of dengue virus.

Capsid Proteins ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Primers ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Dengue ; epidemiology ; virology ; Dengue Virus ; genetics ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Humans ; Myanmar ; epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; Software