The purpose of this research is to construct a kind of 3D-Scaffold with galactose-carrying polysaccharide for improving the function of hepatocytes in vitro. Galactose moieties were covalently coupled with hyaluronic acid through ethylenediamine. Galactosylated hyaluronic acid/chitosan scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. The characteristics of the scaffolds such as morphology, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the porosity and the pore size of the scaffolds made in -20 degrees C were useful used for culturing hepatocytes. And, the incorporating of hyaluronic acid in chitosan network improved the hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Rat primary hepatocytes growing in the scaffolds observed by phase-contrast microscope showed the multicellular spheroid morphologies. Therefore, galactosylated hyaluronic acid/chitosan scaffolds could be used as a promising scaffold for liver tissue engineering.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Galactose ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Hyaluronic Acid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Liver ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Porosity ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry

Objective To compare the outcome of combined and staged approach on concomitant carotid and coronary severe stenosis.Methods From March 2013 to May 2015,27 patients with concomitant carotid and coronary severe stenosis were treated by carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting,15 cases received one-stage operation and 12 staged.The basic characteristics,details during surgery,complications,quality of life score,hospital stay and cost were compared.Results 27 patients received carotid endarterectomy and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting under general anesthesia.Revascularization were performed on 27 carotid and 82 coronary artery.The characteristics of patients were similar between two groups,reflected with WIC,combined approach subgroup was (5.27 ± 0.88) and staged subgroup was (4.92 ± 1.24).The operation time was significantly decreased in the synchronous group [(295.33 ± 49.73)min vs (390.83 ± 73.45) min,P ＜ 0.001].Hospital stay days was also reduced [(30.20 ± 12.91) days vs(44.67 ± 6.34) days,P =0.002],the medical cost was lower in combined approach group,but no significant statistical difference.The complications including 1 case TIA,1 recurrent nerve injury in one-stage group and 1 case myocardial infarction,1 mediastinal bleeding post-operation and 1 pulmonary infection in stage group.No cerebral infarction and death.Quality of life scores(SF-36) of the two groups was 5.53 ± 1.30 and 5.75 ± 1.36 respectively,no significant difference.Conclusion The efficacy and safety of treatment for concomitant carotid and coronary severe stenosis patients with combined or staged approach was similar.But the combined approach program can reduce the hospital stay time and cost in some degree.