Aim To investigate the effects of high glu-cose on cholesterol metabolism in renal tubular cells and the intervention of the anthocyanins. Methods HK-2 cells were grown in the DMEM medium supple-mented with 10% FBS and were divided into 5 groups:normal glucose group, high glucose group, mannitol group, C3G group and Cy group. Effect of anthocya-nins on cell viability was detected with MTT, and cho-lesterol accumulation was detected with Amplex Red Cholesterol Assay kit and Filipin staining. Expression of ABCA1 was detected with RT-qPCR and Western Blot. Results In compared with control groups, HG significantly promoted cholesterol mass inside the cell and decreased the cholesterol concentration in the me-dium after treatment for 24 h or 48 h. The levels of mRNA and protein of ABCA1 were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blot, and both were decreased in the presence of HG. Whereas treatment with C3G and Cy markedly attenuated HG-induced cholesterol mass inside the cell by up-regulating the expression of AB-CA1. Conclusions High glucose can reduce the ex-pressions of the ABCA1, and then decrease cholesterol efflux and increase the cholesterol accumulation in HK-2 cells. Anthocyanins can decrease cholesterol accu-mulation by up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.

Objective To analyze the risk factors and pathogen drug resistance of senile stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), and to provide references for early clinical intervention. Methods A total of 859 elderly patients with cerebral stroke admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected and divided into the study group (SAP, n=375) and the control group (no SAP, n=484) according to the occurrence of stroke associated pneumonia. Clinical data of age, gender, and other complications of the two groups were analyzed. The sputum culture and drug sensitivity test of senile SAP patients were analyzed. Results A total of 313 pathogens were detected in 375 SAP patients, including 211 strains of gram-negative bacteria (67.41%), mainly consisting of 92 Acinetobacter baumannii (29.39%), 54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.25%), and 42 Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.42%), and 73 strains (23.32%) of gram-positive bacteria, mainly 62 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (19.81%). In addition, there were 29 strains of fungi (9.27%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime. Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus were highly sensitive to teicolanin, linezolid and vancomycin. The proportion of patients aged ≥80 years old, mechanical ventilation, bed rest and use of prophylactic antibiotics in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥80 years, mechanical ventilation, hypoproteinemia and use of prophylactic antibiotics were independent risk factors for SAP (P<0.05). Conclusion The main pathogens of stroke-associated pneumonia in the elderly are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. It is necessary to rationally choose antibiotics according to the results of drug sensitivity. The risk factors are patients' age ≥ 80 years old, mechanical ventilation, and bed rest. Clinicians should attach great importance to the prevention of stroke-related pneumonia in the elderly.