Objective To probe into the application quality and performance test of PET/CT.Methods Radionuclide 18F was used to detect PET including its spatial resolution,sensitivity,scatter fraction,count losses and image quality.American Catphan-424,ionization chamber of Sweden Barracuda and radial measuring apparatus were used to perform CT test including CTDI,scan localization light accuracy,slice width,spatial resolution,density resolution,field uniformity and noise,CT value linearity and contrast scale,table movement accuracy.Results PET/CT was qualified as the whole,but part of parameters were beyond the limits.Conclusion The performance test can efficiently ensure the quality and safety of PET/CT system.

Object To compare the hupzine A (Hup A) in Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev. obtained by different extracting methods and investigate the amount of alkaloids and the content of Hup A from different parts of the plants and from different places. Methods Using HPLC for the determination of Hup A. Results The content of Hup A in the stem and leaf is richer than that in the root. The content of Hup A from Guizhou, Guangdong and Anhui Provinces is 0.018%, 0.021% and 0.020% repectively; The difference of extract method of Hup A is no prominence. Conclusion The content of Hup A in the ground is richer than that of underground, and there are some difference in the content of Hup A obtained from different places.

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of preoperative pressure-flow studies on the outcome of transurethral prostatectomy.Methods Sixty-three patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) were evaluated by using pressure-flow studies,international prostate symptom score,uroflowmetry,and residual urine volume before and 3 months after surgery.The patients were divided into 3 groups(obstruction equivocal and unobstruction) according to the grade of pressure-flow.The outcome of transurethral prostatectomy were analyzed in each group with detrusor contractility(weak or normal).Results Treatment outcome could be predicted by using the grade of benign prostatic obstruction and detrusor contractility.The sensitivity of which was 73.5%,with a specificity of 88.5% and positive predictive value of 96.2%.Conclusions Urodynamic studies provide great predictive value of option in transurethral prostatectomy.

Objective To analyse the multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) findings of small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct.Methods 15 cases with pathologically verified small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct were undergone unenhanced and three-phase contrast-enhanced MSCT scan.The entire morphologic changes of common bile duct were analysed with curved planar reformation(CPR).Results The attenuation of tumor relative to pancreas was iso-density in all cases at plain CT scan,hypo-density in 10 cases,iso-density in 3 cases and hyper-density in 2 cases at arterial phase,hypo-density in 1 case,iso-density in 3 cases and hyper-density in 11 cases at portal phase,iso-density in 5 caaes and hyper-density in 10 cases at delayed phase.The focal wall thickening of common bile duct appeared as circular or eccentric in 13 cases,intraluminal nodule in 2 cases,common bile duct was narrowing sharply in 11 cases and ending abruptly in 4 cases at obstructive level.Conclusion The small cholangiocarcinoma of common bile duct is of certain characteristics at unenhanced and three-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan.

To produce specific antibodies against malachite green ( MG) , one special hapten was synthesized and characterized, and conjugated to carrier protein as immunogen. The immunogen showed excellent reactogenicity and immunogenicity. One specific monoclonal antibody (mAb, named MG-DA4-C7) with high sensitivity and specificity for MG in indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay ( icELISA ) was screened. The isotype was IgG1 and the light chain was κ type. After optimization of ELISA conditions, the proposed icELISA showed a 50% inhibition value ( IC50 ) of 0. 96 μg/L, a linear range ( IC20-IC80 ) of 0. 1-8. 1 μg/L and a limit of detection ( LOD, IC10 ) of 0. 05 μg/L for determination of MG. The assay showed cross-reactivity of 18. 1%, 26. 5% with crystal violet and brilliant green, respectively, and negligible cross-reactivity with other metabolites of MG (<0 . 1%) . The average recoveries of MG from spiked fish samples were from 87. 3% to 107. 3%. Good correlation (R2=0. 999) was obtained between the results of icELISA and those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The proposed icELISA is suitable for the determination of MG in fish samples in a simple and sensitive manner.

Objective. To understand drug susceptibilities to common antibacterials, resistance mechanism to β-lactams and quinolones and the clonal spread of resistant stains of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Haernophilus parainfluenzae (H. parainfluenzae) isolated from some hospitals in Shanghai. Methods The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities to 13 antibacterials, such as ampicillin, of 156 Haemophilus strains collected from 5 hospitals of Shanghai in 2006 were tested by agar dilution method. The β-lactamase production was determined by chromogenic cephalosporin test. TEM and ROB type of β-lactamase genes and quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The homology of H. influenzae strains were analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Results The susceptible rate of 109 strains H. influenzae to ampicillin was 74.3%, while those to ampicillin-sulbactam, cephatosporins and fluoroquinolones were all 100.0%. The β-lactamases-producing rates of 109 strains H. influenzae and 47 strains H. parainfluenzae were 25.7% and 19.1% (χ2=0.776,P=0.378), respectively. TEM gene was detected in all β-lactamases-producing strains. Of 109 H. influenzae isolates, only one was resistant to ciprofloxacin, and Ser84Leu mutation was detected in gyrA gene and Gly206Arg mutation in parC gene. The results of ERIC-PCR showed that 106 H. influenzae strains were clustered into 73 groups with similarity level of 85%. Conclusions Clinical isolates of H. influenzae from hospitals in Shanghai remain highly susceptible to common antimicrobial agents except ampicillin. TEM type of β-lactamase production is the main ampicillin-resistant mechanism of the tested stains. The clonal spread of H. influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains, is not prevalent.

A new chitosan derivative is prepared using chitosan.Ethyl chlorocarbonate was first introduced to the hydroxyl group of phthaloylchitosan through a nucleophilic reaction.Hydrazine was then added to recover the amino groups of chitosan and promote cross-linking.The structure of this new chitosan derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）and proton nuclear magnetic resonance（1H NMR）spectroscopy,and its physical properties were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The thermal and chemical stabilities of the new derivative were improved compared with those of native chitosan.Assay of Escherichia coli adhesion on a film based on this chitosan derivative showed good adsorption and biofilm formation.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Shenyan Ⅱ granules. Methods:The characteristics of Folium Pyrrosiae were identified by microscopy. The three herbs in the preparation,rehmannia,madder and thistle were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of ginsenoside in American ginseng was determined by HPLC. Chromatographic separation was carried out by using a WONDER CRACT ODS-2(150 mm × 46 mm,5 μm)column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid(28 ∶72)with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 ,and the injection volume was 10 μl. The detection wavelength and the column temperature was 203 nm and 40 ℃,respectively. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of ginsenoside was 38. 9- 194. 5 μg·ml -1(r = 0. 999 3). The average recovery was 98. 3% and RSD was 1. 9%(n = 6). Conclusion:The method is simple and highly specific with good repeatability,which can be used as the quality control method for Shenyan Ⅱ granules.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Shule capsules. Methods: The microscopic characteristic identifica-tion of Figwort and Radix bupleuri was performed under a microscope. The qualitative identification of fritillary, andrographispaniculata and polygonumbistorta was studied by TLC. The content of salvianolic acid B in Salvia miltiorrhiza was determined by HPLC. The chro-matographic separation was carried out by using a phenomenex synergi 4 hydro-RP 80A (250 mm × 4. 6 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-formic acid-water(10 :30 :59 :1)with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μl . The detection wavelength and the column temperature was 286 nm and 20 ℃, respectively. Results:The microscopic characteristics were obvious. The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range was 10. 001-100. 007 μg·ml-1(r=1. 0000). The average recovery was 99. 3% with RSD of 1. 8% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple with high specificity and good repeatability, which can be used as the quality control method for Shule capsules.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of propofol on liver in severely scalded rabbits.Methods Twenty healthy male New Zealand rabbits, aged 3-4 months, weighing 2.3-2.5 kg, were randomly divided into either scald group (group S, n =10) or propofol group (group P, n =10).Thirty percent of the total body surface was shaved chemically with 10％ sodium sulphate and then exposed to 98 ℃ water for 20 s to produce third degree thermal injury at the back and buttocks of anesthetized rats.In group P, propofol was injected at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg at 1 h after scald, followed by an infusion of 4 mg· kg-1 · h 1 for4 h.The equal volume of normal saline was given in groupS.Before scald (T1), at 1 h after scald (T2) , and at 6, 12 and 24 h after administration of propofol or normal saline (T3-5) , blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein for determination of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (by lactate dehydrogenase method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (by MDH), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay).The rabbits were sacrificed at T5, and their livers were removed and cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under microscope.Results The serum ALT and AST activities and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher at T2-5 than at T1.Compared with the values at T2, the serum ALT and AST activities and TNF-α concentrations in group S and serum TNF-α concentrations in group P were significantly increased at T3-5, and no significant change was found in the serum ALT and AST activities at T3-5 in group P.Compared with group S, the serum ALT and AST activities and TNF-α concentrations were significantly decreased at T3 5, and the pathological changes were mitigated in group P.Conclusion Propofol provides protective effect on liver in severely scalded rabbits.