High frequency ventilators(HFV) are introduced in such aspects as its contribution to the development of the ventilation, phylogeny, working principle in the physiological field, the advantages over normal-frequency ventilation, three common HFV modes and their application to medical therapy. The present situation of HFV is analyzed as well as it's developing trends and prospects.

Objective To formulate and detect the efficacy and safety of standardized medication strategy of epilepsy. Methods The normalized medication strategy was worked out in 278 new diagnosed patients, whose effect, retention rate and safety were evaluated after 24 months of treatment. Results Of all the 278 patients, 235 patients were taken mono-therapy while other 43 patients used therapeutic alliance.Most patients took CBZ or VPA as mono-therapy drugs. At the time after 24 months, almost 76. 3%(212/278) patients got seizure free, and the effectiveness was 22. 7% (63/278). The retention rate of those mono-therapy drugs were investigated respectively. CBZ presented 69. 8%, VPA presented 76. 2%,OXC was 68.0%, TPM was 69. 6%, LTG was 83. 3%, LEV presented 85.7%, and 100% for PHT.Conclusions All epileptic patients were well-controlled after taking standardized medication. The standardized medication strategy of epilepsy possesses valuable importance in clinical practice, which deserves further popularization.

Objective To analyze the operation of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT) in China for one year,and test the efficacy for Chinese.Methods The data of the users were collected,and the expulsion rate and the characteristics of demographic and disease were analyzed.According to the different items selected by the user,they were divided into the anxiety group (n=897),the depression group (n=674),the insomnia group (n=313),and the forced group (n=229).Anxiety group and depression group were assessed by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) respectively before each treatment.Results (1)The number of shedding people was 1889,and the loss rate was 71％.The differences of exfoliated rates in different age groups (x2=11.379,P=0.023) and different age groups (x2=19.336,P=0.001) were statistically significant.(2)The user distribution of different treatment groups in different ages (x2 =37.808,P＜0.01) and different incidence (x2 =31.018,P＜0.01) had significantly different.The user distribution of different age groups in the gender distribution (x2 =21.255,P＜ 0.01),whether associated with other mental disorders (x2 =21.885,P＜0.01),and duration distribution (x2 =56.933,P＜0.01) had significant differences.(3) The scores of self rating scale had significant differences in the anxiety group(50.50±15.06,49.19±12.31,49.88±14.26,43.94±14.38,43.56± 16.77,F=3.312,P=0.032) and depression group (58.71± 13.55,55.86± 14.45,53.29± 10.64,49.93± 10.93,47.14±7.177,F=7.423,P＜0.01) before and after treatment.Conclusion The use of CCBT is effective in the Chinese population.Users are concentrated in young patients,first episode patients,and patients with shorter course of disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect of long-term deep slow-wave sleep deprivation on the gonad axis, sperm abnormality rate, and structure of the testis in male rats and possible mechanisms. Methods: A total of 30 specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats aged 5 weeks were randomly divided into slow-wave sleep deprivation group 1 (SD1 group) , slow-wave sleep and sleep time deprivation group 2 (SD2 group) , and control group, with 10 rats in each group. The flower pot method was used to establish a model of sleep deprivation. In addition to 12-hour sleep deprivation at night, the rats in the SD1 group were given interference once every 24 minutes, and those in the SD2 group were deprived of sleep for 8 minutes every 24 minutes; the rats in the control group were given 12-hour light illumination and then placed in dark environment for 12 hours. All rats were sacrificed by exsanguination from the femoral artery, and the testis, the epididymis, and blood were collected for analysis. Sperm abnormality rate and sperm motility rate were measured, and cauda epididymal sperm counting was performed. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of testosterone (T) , follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , and luteinizing hormone (LH) . Results: Compared with the control group, the SD2 group had a significant increase in organ coefficient of the epididymis (P<0.05) and a significant reduction in sperm motility rate (P<0.05) . There were significant differences between the SD1 group and the SD2 group in the increase in sperm abnormality rate (P<0.05) and the reduction in cauda epididymal sperm count (P<0.05) . The levels of FSH and T tended to increase, and the level of LH tended to decrease. Pathological examination showed degeneration and vacuolization of a small amount of spermatogenic cells in the SD1 group; in the SD2 group, there were significant degeneration, edema, and vacuolization of most spermatogenic cells, some spermatogenic cells were observed in the lumen, and there were no sperms in the lumen. Conclusion Long-term deep slow-wave sleep deprivation impairs the structure of the testis, affects sperm motility rate and sex hormones, and increases the risk of sperm abnormality.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of a hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" in residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the training base of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, as the research subject.Methods:A total of 144 trainees receiving residency training and 32 receiving specialist training were enrolled from June 2022 to April 2023 and were divided into experimental group and control group, with 72 trainees receiving residency training and 16 receiving specialist training in each group. Clinical and learning tasks were designed using the traditional model for the control group and the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" for the experimental group, and the performance of trainees in theoretical assessments and self-evaluations was recorded. SPSS 23.0 was used to perform the t-test. Results:The hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" achieved a significant effect in both theoretical assessments and self-evaluations of the trainees. As for the trainees receiving specialty training, there was a significant difference in the score of theoretical assessment between the experimental group and the control group (84.56±4.05 vs. 81.13±2.78, P<0.05), and as for the trainees receiving residency training, there was also a significant difference in this score between the experimental group and the control group (84.74±4.85 vs. 82.10±4.34, P<0.01). The results of self-assessment questionnaire showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group had a higher proportion of trainees giving positive evaluations of various indicators. Conclusions:This study suggests that the hierarchical teaching model guided by "residency-specialty integration" provides an effective teaching model for residency training and specialty training of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and this model may help to enhance disciplinary interests and promote clinical practice abilities, thereby providing valuable insights for future medical education in China.