The clinical teaching of ICU is a new challenge.According to the problem encountered in the practice we should improve and better the teaching methods such as asking students to pay more attention to the combination of substructural subjects and critical medicine and having a clinical macrocosm thinking,good responsibility,and the "intensive" concept during their work so that student can learn more initiatively and get more as well.

OBJECTIVE To study the constituent ratio of the pathogentic bacteria of the newborn omphlitis and their resistance.METHODS The bacteria were identified by ATB-Expression system and antibiotic susceptibility tests.RESULTS Of the specimens in 153 cases,there were 136 positive strains(88.9%).From high to low,Staphylococcus aureus occupied 26.5%,S.epidermidis occupied 16.2%,S.haemolyticus occupied 13.2%,Klebsiella pneumoniae occupied 13.2%,and Escherichia coli occupied 9.6%.Piperacillin/tazobactam,vancomycin,meropenem and imipenem had low drug resistance(2.0%) that doctors could choose the drugs according to pathogenic bacteria.MRSA occupied 13.9%,MRCNS occupied 73.2%.E.coli and K.penumoniae of ESBLs accounted for 21.4% and 44.4%.CONCLUSIONS The main pathogentic bacteria of the newborn omphlitis are S.aureus,S.epidermidis,S.haemolyticus,and K.pneumoniae.Doctors select the antibiotics according to the results of susceptibility test.It is necessary to advise how attend to the newborn in order to decrease the newborn omphlitis.

OBJECTIVE To comprehend the mycoetiology of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis(RVVC),and to analyze the drug resistance of pathogens.METHODS Vaginal secretion samples extracted from the cases which were diagnosed RVVC were inoculated and identified by coloration medium.Susceptibility test was carried out by Rosco scrip diffusion method.RESULTS Totally 178 monilias were isolated from 159 RVVC samples.From them 122(68.5%) were Candida albicans,49(27.5%)C.glabrata.The susceptibility test result of C.albicans was as follows: to amphotericin B(100.0%),clotrimazole(100.0%),mycostatin(99.2%),ketoconazole(KCZ)(99.2%),and miconazole(36.9%).That of non-C.albicans was to mycostatin(100.0%),amphotericin B(98.2%),econazole(96.4%),fluconazole(60.7%),and terbinafine(0).CONCLUSIONS C.albicans and C.glabrata are the main pathogenic fungsi which induce RVVC,non-C.albicans infection is upgraded manifestly,so fungus culture and susceptibility test must be done.Mycostatin,KCZ,and clotrimazole are the first selection for treatment of RVVC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanisms of sulfamethoxazolel trimethoprim(SMZco) resistance in multi-drug-resistant strains of Shigella.METHODS The strains of multi-resistant Shigella were selected with K-B susceptibility method.The genes(sul1,dfrA1,dfrA5,dfrA12 and dfrA17) of SMZco resistance were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).And using the DNA sequencing determined that bears the genotype.RESULTS In 20 Shigella strains the drug-resistance rate of Shigella to SMZco was 95.0%.Sul1,dfrA1,dfrA12 and dfrA17-positive rate was 15.0%,100.0%,5.0% and 0,DfrA1 positive gene sequencing showed highly homology with the sequence of GenBank.CONCLUSIONS There is a close relation of the SMZco resistance in Shigella to sul1 and dfrA1 existing.

OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanisms of chloramphenicol resistance in multi-drug-resistant strains of Shigella.METHODS The strains of multi-resistant Shigella were detected with K-B susceptibility method.The genes(catB,cmlA)of chloramphenicol resistance were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and the DNA sequencing.RESULTS In 20 strains,the drug-resistance rate of Shigella to chloramphenicol was 70.0%.Two strains carried cmlA but no catB detected was out.The cmlA gene product sequence showed it was cmlA1.CONCLUSIONS The multiple-drug resistante cmlA1 is detected out.This is the first report in China.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics、risk factors and preventive measures in the patients of hospital-acquired septicemia in ICU.Methods Retrospective survey was carried out in 76 patients with hospital-acquired septicemia from 2002 to 2005.Results The hospital-acquired septicemia was related to the underlying disease、aggressive procedure and long duration of combined antibiotics.The most bacteria were Gram-negative bacilli.Fungemia must be given reconstruction.Conclusions It is important to reduce the aggressive procedures and reasonably use antibiotics in the prevention of the hospital-acquired septicemia for patients.

@@

The labeled compounds, CdTe was combined with anti-fluoranthene antibody, had good dispersion and stability with the fluorescence intensity enhancing. A direct competitive fluorescent immunoassay with CdTe-anti-fluoranthene antibody to detect fluoranthene in water sample in the environment was developed. The result showed that fluoranthene can be determined in the concentration range from 0.1 μg/L to 1000 μg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983, a sensitivity of (IC_(50)) of 12.4 μg/L and a detection limit (IC_(20)) of 13.1 ng/L. Trace environmental pollutant in environmental water samples were successfully determined with a good accuracy and suitability. The recovery was between 95.1% and 111.0%, with relative standard deviation less than 9%.

Objective To design a bank and hospital one card system to optimize outpatient service process and improve service level of outpatient .Methods On the basis of the existing outpatient service process ,we combine transfer function and payment function of bank card ,thus a bank and hospital one card system was designed to utilize the advantage of City Payment Card .Re‐sults The waiting time of outpatients was shortened through the self service of bank and hospital one card system ,the pressure of outpatient service windows was reduced .Conclusion Bank and hospital one card system can optimize outpatient service process , which can improve hospital efficiency and patient satisfaction .

The bacteriophage T7 RNAP gene was amplified via PCR from -lysogen DE3, and the gene was cloned into pBABEpuro retrovial vector, a recombinant plasmid named as pT7BABEpuro was constructed and sequenced. Then the pT7BABEpuro and pVSV-G plasmids were cotransfected into GP2-293 packaging cells by liposomese, some pseudotype viruses were ingathered and transfected into IBRS-2 cell under polybrene. The IBRS-2 cell was propagated in DMEM with puromycin. The genome extraction from the cells transfected different times, the T7 RNAP gene was amplified from the genome by PCR, the mRNA of T7 RNAP protein expressed in IBRST7 cells was analyzed by RT-PCR, respectively, the results showed the T7 RNAP gene had been integrated into the chromosome of IBRS-2 cell and expressed stably at high level. To study whether T7 RNAP is of transcriptional activity in the established IBRST7 cell line, a plasmid pIERS-EGFP-ET with a reporter gene (EGFP) under control of the T7 promoter was constructed. IRES element from FMDV (for CAP-independent translation) was cloned into plasmid pET-43.1a-c(+) downstream of the T7 promoter sequence, then EGFP gene was cloned in frame downstream of the AUG codon of the FMDV IRES, resulting in the plasmid. IBRST7 cells were transfected with plasmid pIERS-EGFP-ET using lipfection, EGFP was expressed, the results showed the T7 RNAP in IBRST7 cells has transcriptional activity. IBRST7 cell line was directly transfected with linearized full-length cDNA of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) HK/70, infectious SVDV was efficiently recovered from the cDNA. The reverse genetic procedure is simplified to a faster, one step protocol to recover RNA virus and will be useful to understand the mechanisms of molecular pathology of RNA virus and develop effective vaccines.