Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS) is a common disease of intestinal disorder.It is characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort along with altered bowel function.The underlying mechanisms of IBS remain unclear.Several studies showed that the attack of IBS might be related to the gastrointestinal motility,visceral hypersensitivity,infection of the bowel and several other factors.Existing animal models can be divided into 2 broad categories based on their primary pathogenetic mechanisms: those initiated by a central nervous system-directed(psychosocial) stressor and those stems from a gut-directed stressor(gut inflammation,infection).This article reviews the current research of IBS animal model.

Objective: To study the diagnosis， treatm ent and outcome of infants in patients with hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Methods: The levels of T3，T4，TSH，FT3，FT4 in 40 cases of hyperthyroid gravida and control group were measured before delivery, the r oute of delivery and the outcome of infants were studied, and the neonatal thyroid f unctions were evaluated by the levels of T3，T4，TSH in cord serum samples . Results: The levels of T3，T4，FT3，FT4 in non-treatm ent group were higher than that of treatment group and control(P<0.01); an i ncreased rate of forceps and cesarean in hyperthyroid gravida was seen compared with that in control group, about 90%(36/40); the body weights of infants in no n-treatment group were lower than that in treatment and control group. There wa s a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism in non-treatment group. Conclusion : Hyperthyroidism should be diagnosed and treated earlier and there is little side effects on the outcome of infants.

Objective To investigate the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and the plasticity of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors in the myenteric plexus on the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) subgroups.Methods Twenty-seven male rats were randomly divided into three groups: IBS with diarrhea(IBS-D) group,IBS with constipation(IBS-C) group and blank control group.IBS-D model was made in rats by intracolonic instillation with acetic acid.IBS-C model was made in rats by gastric instillation with cool water.After rats in each group were killed,a colon segment was removed for detecting enteric neuron and excitatory neurotransmitter in the myenteric plexus using 5-HT and 5-HT3,5-HT4 receptors immunohistochemistry method.Results ① The number of 5-HT positive neurons in the myenteric plexus of IBS-D group(4.37?0.88) group was significantly higher than that in control group(2.99?0.41,P0.05).② The results of the experiment showed that there was no difference in the number of 5-HT3 receptor positive neurons in the myenteric plexus among each group(F=0.082,P=0.922).③ The positive value of 5-HT4 receptor immunoreactive neurons in the myenteric plexus of IBS-D group(141.98?6.96) group was significantly higher than that in control group(159.90?2.55)(P0.05).Conclusion Increased number of 5-HT and 5-HT4 receptor positive neurons in the myenteric plexus may be related to the pathogenesis of IBS-D rat model.

Objective To screen the liver cell proteins interacting with the novel protein encoded by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of hepatitis B virus genome. Methods The splicing-specific gene TPss generated by the 2.2 kb singly spliced variant of HBV genome was amplified by PCR and cloned into the bait vector pGBKT7. After exclusion of self-activatian capacities of TPss protein, a two-hybrid library screening was performed using a pre-transformed human liver cDNA library to screen the liver cell proteins interacting with TPss. Mammalian two-hybrid assay was also done to further confirm the interactions between the bait and prey proteins in Huh7 and HepG2 hepatacytes. Results TPss gene with the size of 336 bp was successfully amplified and cloned, and the TPss protein expressed well in AHI09 yeast cells. Four liver cell proteins interacting with TPss, i. e. , cathepsin B, epoxide hydrolase 1, cathepsin D and fibrinogen gamma chain, were screened by yeast two-hybrid assay and further confirmed by mammalian two-hybrid assay. Conclusion TPss could interact with liver cell proteins.

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of Compound Fanshiliu Recipe(CFR) for the treatment of over-weighted type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods One hundred and twenty over-weighted T2DM patients were randomized into treatment group and control group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups were given oral use of Metformin Hydrochloride Enteric-Coated Tablets, and additionally the treatment group was treated with CFR orally. The treatment of both groups lasted for 12 continuous weeks. Before and after treatment, we detected the waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and the levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(P2hBG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA). The therapeutic effect of the two groups was also evaluated after treatment. Results (1) The total effective rate for traditional Chinese medical symptoms was 95.00% in the treatment group, and was 70.00%in the control group, the difference being significant(P<0.01).(2) After treatment, WC and BMI were decreased in the treatment group(P<0.01 compared with those before treatment), but had no significant decrease in the control group(P>0.05). The decrease of WC and BMI of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(3) After treatment, levels of FBG, P2hBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and FFA of both groups were significantly improved (P<0.05), and the improvement of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group(P<0.05).(4) Three patients of the treatment group suffered from slight gastric discomfort, and the discomfort was relieved without any special treatment. Other patients of the two groups had no adverse reaction. Conclusion Treatment of CFR combined with Metformin has been proved to be an effective and safe approach to decrease blood glucose and blood lipid levels, promote weight loss, and ameliorate traditional Chinese medical symptoms.

As a normative technical term, “nine needles” appears repeatedly inThe Internal Canon of Medicine, in which Miraculous Pivot set theNine Needles and Twelve Source Acupoints as the first passage. Therefore, the significance of “nine needles” is evident. This article expounded “nine needles” from the following six aspects:the origin, the name, the types, the functions, the use and the application, with a purpose to standardize the contents of “nine needles”, and analyse the connotation.

Objective To investigate the effects of Huangqi Sijun Decoction on the levels of thyroxin and cAMP and cGMP in model rats with spleen deficiency syndrome and to explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Male SD rats aged three months were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,spleen deficiency model group and Huangqi Sijun Decoction group.The rat models of spleen deficiency syndrome were established by gavage with the decoction of Rhubarb.The serum levels of thyroxin(T4),3,5,3'-triiodothyronine(T3),thyrotropin(TSH)and plasma levels of cAMP,cGMP were determined.Results T3 and T4 were significantly lower but the levels of cAMP and cAMP/cGMP were significantly higher in the spleen deficiency models than those in the normal control group(P

Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, bio-synthesis and cell death. Dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to many diseases. Mitochondrial proteomics provides important theoretical foundation for a systematic understanding of the biological functions of mitochondria, studying the mechanisms of mitochondria-related diseases, and promoting the research and development of mitochondria-targeting drugs. The methodologies, recent technology development, and characteristics and applications of mitochondrial proteomics were reviewed and the challenges and prospects were also discussed.

Objective To explore the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive ability in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after ischemic stroke.Methods Forty five ischemic stroke survivors with MCI but not meeting the criterion for diagnosis as dementia were recruited, and were randomly assigned into an rTMS group (32 patients) and a control group (30 patients) according to a random number table.Both groups received the routine drug therapy of medicine and cognitive function training, and the rTMS group was additionally given rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 5 Hz and 80％ motor threshold.The treatments lasted for 4 weeks.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and auditory event related potential (ERP) were tested for both group before and after the treatment.Results After the treatment, two groups showed significant improvements in the average score of MoCA compared to that before the treatment, and that of the rTMS group was significantly higher than that of the control group.For both groups, the P300 latency shortened and the amplitude increased after the treatment.Moreover, the latency and amplitude of the rTMS group increased to 355.67 ± 16.43 ms and 8.69 ± 1.65 μV, respectively, after the treatment, significantly shortened and lengthened than that of the control group [(372.76 ± 23.35 ms and 7.03 ± 3.04 μV), respectively].Conclusions rTMS can significantly improve the cognitive ability of ischemic stroke survivors in a relatively safe way.

AIM To study lipid-lowering effects of gallic acid on glutamate-induced obesity mice.METHODS The obese model was established through subcutaneous injection of 3mg/(g · d)sodium glutamate into neonatal mice.After the model was established,the mice were divided into normal control group,model group,positive control group [simvastatin 30 mg/(kg · d)],high-,and low-dose group of gallic acid [400,200 mg/(kg · d)],and were intragastrically administered for ten weeks.Mice in each group after the last administration were fasted for 12 h except water.Blood was sampled from mouse eyes.The organs and adipose were obtained to determine the organ index and fat index.The levels of HDL-C,TG,LDL-C and TC in serum and liver were determined by using the corresponding reagent kit,and the serum leptin level was determined by ELISA kit and simultaneous determination of SOD,GSH-Px and MDA levels in liver.RESULTS Compared with the normal control group,the body weight and fat weight significantly increased in the model group;the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in serum and liver significantly increased;the serum leptin level significantly reduced;the activity levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver significantly reduced;and the level of MDA significantly increased.Compared with the model control group,the body weight and fat weight significantly reduced in the gallic acid group mice and the levels of TC and TG significantly reduced in the serum and liver;SOD and GSH-Px levels significantly increased,MDA level significantly decreased in the liver.CONCLUSION Gallic acid can significantly reduce the blood lipid level of glutamate-induced obese mice.