Urocortin,a novel peptide of the cortiotropin releasiong hormone(CRH)family,was discovered in 1995 in the rat brain and subsequently cloned and localized to human chromosome 2.It can bind to both CRH type 1 receptor and CRH type 2 receptor,as well as CRH binding protein.Especially to CRH type 2 receptor,urocortin binds to it with 40 times more potency than CRH does.Therefore,urocortin is thought to be an endogenous ligand for CRH type 2 receptor.Immunoreactive urocortin and urocortin mRNA were localized in many areas such as mammalian brain,cardiovascular system,placenta.It is believed that urocortinmay play important physiological roles as a neuropeptide not only in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can cause immunosuppression on herds. PCV2, as an essential pathogen of PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), has caused considerable economic losses in pig industry worldwide. Here we review and address the evolution, viral protein and immunolesion of PCV2 and preventive techniques of PCV2-SD.
Animals ; Circoviridae Infections ; veterinary ; Circovirus ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Objective To study the effect of quality ciecle on improving nurses application ablitiy in operating monitors. Methods Quality circle group was established in the department of general surgery and the circulation of plan-do-check-action was used in the groups for continuous quality control of ECG monitor application.The satisfaction of nurses with ECG monitor management and consuming time of ECG monitor installation were compared between pre-and post-enforcement of quality control circulation. Results After use of quality control circulation,the nurses were more satisfied with the maintenance of ECG monitoring and they knew better about their right storage and disposition and where the monitors were(all P<0.001).Conclusion The quality circle may effectively regulate ECG monitor management,improve applying proficiency of nurses and effectively improve work efficiency,so it is worth clinically applying.

Immune-checkpoint blockers(ICBs)have been well received in a variety of tumors,and the quality of patient life has improved significantly.However,the reasons why not all patients treated with ICBs benefit from lesion control,symptom improvement,and survival time.Many patients are resistant to the first time when they have been using ICBs for a period of time.This is a clinical challenge.This review lists possible causes of primary drug resistance and acquired resistance to ICBs.The primary resistance is associated with several mechanisms,including tumor microenvironment,cancer cells themselves and other related factors.The acquired resistance includes nonclassical immunoprecipitation molecules secondary overexpression,abnormalities of antigen presenting signal pathway and dysfunction of T cell activation killer.Finally,we have described a variety of possible new combination of treatment,including combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and combined targeted therapy with other measures.

Objective To measure the levels of human interleukin (IL)-32 in the serum and induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and investigate the possible roles of IL-32 in COPD.Methods Sixty patients with acute exacerbation of COPD ( AECOPD),60 patients with stable COPD,and 30 healthy subjects were recruited.The concentrations of IL-8,tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),and IL-32 in serum and induced sputum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The correlations among IL-32,IL-8,TNF-α,and lung functions were investigated. The data were analyzed using a statistical software package (SPSS 13.0).Variables were compared with one-way ANOVA,and correlations among variables were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's correlation coefficient.Results The serum IL-32 level was significantly higher in AECOPD patients [(175 ± 88) ng/L] than in healthy subjects [ (59 ± 21 ) ng/L] and in stable COPD patients [ (89 ± 34) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05) ; the serum IL-32 level was also significantly higher in stable COPD patients than in healthy subjects (P ＜ 0.05).The sputum IL-32 level was significantly higher in AECOPD patients [ ( 163 ± 117) ng/L] than in healthy subjects [ ( 75 ± 38 ) ng/L] and stable COPD patients [ ( 108 ± 63 )ng/L] (P ＜0.05); the sputum IL-32 level was also significantly higher in stable COPD patients than in healthy subjects ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The sputum IL-32 level in AECOPD patients was positively correlated with the sputum IL-8 and TNF-α levels (r =0.49 and 0.53,respectively) (P ＜0.01 ).The sputum IL-32 level in AECOPD patients was negatively correlated with FEV1 predicted values,FEV1/FVC,and PaO2 (r =-0.44to -0.33) (P ＜ 0.01 ).The serum IL-32 level in AECOPD patients was positively correlated with the serum IL-8 and TNF-o levels (r =0.45 and 0.61,respectively) (P ＜ 0.01 ).The serum IL-32 level in AECOPD patients was negatively correlated with FEV1 predicted values,FEV1/FVC,and PaO2 (r =-0.46to - 0.29) ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions IL-32 may be involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in COPD.IL-32 may be a useful marker of acute exacerbation of COPD.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of drospirone ethinylestradiol (Yasmin) in the treatment of vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2018, 540 patients with vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion treated in Pinghu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into two groups according to the random digital table method, with 270 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine treatment, while the observation group was treated with Yasmin on the basis of routine treatment.The clinical effects, vaginal bleeding time, menstrual rehydration time, menstrual status and adverse reactions of the two groups were observed.Results:The total effective rate (97.04%, 262/270), normal menstruation rate (90.74%, 245/270) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (81.48%, 220/270; 74.07%, 200/270), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=34.074, 25.866, all P<0.05). The time of vaginal bleeding and menstrual reactivation in the observation group were (3.79±1.11)d and (24.07±4.23)d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(5.88±1.40)d and (31.36±5.38)d] ( t=19.222, 17.503, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Yasmin is effective in treating vaginal bleeding and irregular menstruation after induced abortion.It can significantly improve the condition of vaginal bleeding, shorten the time of menstruation and has high safety.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of psychological nursing pathway for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are receiving 125I particle implantation therapy.Methods A total of 130 HCC patients,who were scheduled to receive 125I particle implantation therapy,were randomly and equally divided into the study group and the control group with 65 patients in each group.Traditional routine psychological nursing method was conducted for patients of the control group,while routine psychological nursing that was based on psychological nursing pathway was carried out for patients of the study group.The patient's conditions of both groups were evaluated by using self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ) and the quality of life assessment scale (SF-36).The results were statistically analyzed with t test.Results After nursing intervention,SAS scores of the study group and the control group were (43.76±6.25) and (46.16±7.19) points respectively,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=-3.92,P＜0.001).The PC and NC values of the TCSQ score in the study group were (41.61±4.82) points and (20.53±5.88) points respectively,while those in the control group were (37.32±4.62) and (22.80±6.93) respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=5.944 and t=-3.316 respectively,P＜0.01).One month after discharge,the mental health scores of the study group and the control group were (74.58±8.68) points and (71.53±8.16) points respectively,the emotion function scores were (79.46±10.05) points and (75.13±15.09) points respectively,and the differences in both mental health score and emotion function score between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Standardized psychological nursing pathway can make nurses more clear about the content of psychological nursing work and enable nurses to actively plan and complete psychological nursing care measures,so that patients can get prospective,individual and comprehensive psychological care to alleviate his or her negative emotion,and to improve the quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of miR-4443 expression on migration and invasion of breast cancer. METHODS: We examined the expression of miR-4443 in breast carcinoma in situ and paired adjacent tissues from 3 breast cancer patients with high-throughput sequencing and verified the results using TCGA database. We also detected miR-4443 expressions using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in low invasive and highly invasive breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively). The changes in apoptosis, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after transfection with miR-4443 mimics, mimics-NC, miR-4443 inhibitor or inhibitor-NC were analyzed using flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay. The target gene of miR-4443 was predicted by bioinformatics software and validated by a dual luciferase reporter gene system. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of recombinant human phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1) in the transfected cells. RESULTS: The expression of miR-4443 was significantly higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues ( CONCLUSIONS MiR-4443 promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PEBP1, suggesting the possibility of suppressing miR-4443 expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics* ; Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

Several putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) exist in the PCV2 rep gene promoter. To explore if porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) could regulate the viral replication by using these TFBSs, we conducted electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), DNA-pull down and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) assays. EMSA confirmed the binding activity of the rep gene promoter with nuclear proteins of host cells. DNA-pull down and LC-MS/MS identified the porcine transcription factor AP-2δ (poTFAP2δ) could bind the PCV2 rep gene promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that poTFAP2δ could not only promote the activity of the rep gene promoter, but also enhance the transcription/translation activity of the rep/cap gene and the virus titer of PCV2 during the entire life cycle of PCV2 infection. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of PCV2 using host proteins to enhance the viral replication, provided a new perspective for studying the pathogenic mechanism of PCV2 from virus and host interactions, and provided a theoretical basis for developing highly effective PCV2 vaccines.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Circoviridae Infections ; Circovirus ; DNA Helicases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Swine ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Transcription Factor AP-2 ; Virus Replication

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging enteropathogenic swine coronavirus causing acute diarrhea and vomiting in pigs. The apoptosis of ST cells induced by PDCoV infection was studied in this research. In ST cells, caspase activity assay showed that the activity of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 increased significantly with the infection of PDCoV, but not observed in UV irradiated PDCoV-infected cells, indicating that PDCoV infection activated both endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways in ST cells, and the induction of apoptosis depended on viral replication. To further investigate the endogenous apoptosis induced by PDCoV, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factors in cytoplasm and mitochondria were detected. Compared with normal cells, the amount of cytochrome C released from mitochondria to cytoplasm increased significantly in PDCoV-infected cells, and the release increased with the prolongation of infection, while the apoptosis-inducing factor was always localized to mitochondria, suggesting that PDCoV induced apoptosis was initiated through caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by promoting cytochrome C in the mitochondrial membrane gap into the cytosol. In conclusion, this study reveals the mechanism of PDCoV inducing apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Mitochondria ; Swine ; Swine Diseases