OBJECTIVE To compare the difference of octave band CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and behavioral auditory thresholds in children with hearing loss, and to explore the clinical value of octave band CE-Chirp ABR. METHODS Twenty-one children (40 ears) with hearing loss were selected. The octave band CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and behavioral auditory hearing threshold were measured in quiet environment. The results of two different test methods were compared. RESULTS The frequencies of octave band CE-Chirp ABR response thresholds and behavioral auditory thresholds were statistically analyzed. The correlation coefficients at different frequencies were 0.693, 0.830, 0.836 and 0.845, respectively, and the P values were ＜0.05. CONCLUSION There is good correlation between octave band CE-Chirp ABR response and behavioral auditory hearing measurement. Octave band CE-Chirp ABR, as an objective audiometry technique, has good stability and reliability for the objective response of hearing loss, and can better reflect the hearing level.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in high incidence areas of brucellosis in Gansu Province, and provide a guidance for precise prevention and control of brucellosis in the areas with high incidence of the disease.Methods:Using a retrospective research method, human brucellosis monitoring data from five high incidence counties of brucellosis in Gansu Province from 2018 to 2020, including Huan County (eastern), Guazhou County (western), Zhangjiachuan County (southern), Gaotai County (northern), and Jingtai County (central), were collected from monitoring database of the Central Transfer Payment Project. The epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in high incidence areas were described and analyzed.Results:From 2018 to 2020, there were a total of 787 laboratory confirmed cases of brucellosis in high incidence areas of brucellosis in Gansu Province, with a prevalence rate of 3.64%. The incidence rates for each year were 2.63% (205/7 780), 4.60% (327/7 111), and 3.78% (255/6 746), with statistically significant differences between different years (χ 2 = 41.44, P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of brucellosis in Huan County, Guazhou County, Zhangjiachuan County, Gaotai County, and Jingtai County were 0.02% (1/4 263), 3.67% (140/3 817), 4.32% (182/4 209), 4.89% (237/4 847), and 5.04% (227/4 501), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in comparison between different regions (χ 2 = 211.59, P < 0.001). In 2018, the incidence rate was highest in Jingtai County in the central region, and scattered to Zhangjiachuan County in the south and Gaotai County in the north in 2019 and 2020. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence rates among different genders, ages, ethnicities, educational levels, and occupational groups (χ 2 = 111.95, 212.76, 35.32, 89.59, 97.93, P < 0.001). From 2018 to 2020, the incidence of brucellosis in the < 20 (0.78%, 6.36%, 10.00%), 40 - 50 age groups (5.15%, 7.03%, 8.00%), students and young children (0.58%, 9.20%, 13.64%), and cadres (2.86%, 4.55%, 10.53%) showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 21.55, 7.00, 30.63, 2.01, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The brucellosis in Gansu Province is still in a high level of growth stage, and the epidemic area is gradually dispersing; the cases are gradually becoming younger, and key occupational personnel are shifting from farmers and herdsmen to social workers. It is recommended to increase the scope of monitoring, increase publicity efforts, and enhance the self-protection and control awareness of key populations.

Objective:To analyze the changes of spatial, seasonal, and age distribution of brucellosis among humans and animals in Gansu Province and to provide a reference for the next step in formulating prevention and control measures.Methods:Reported data of brucellosis of humans and animals in Gansu Province from 2018 to 2020 were collected. The human epidemic data were obtained from "China Disease Control and Prevention Information System", and the positive data of animals were obtained from the monthly report provided by Gansu Animal Disease Control Center. Human brucellosis was classified and analyzed according to year, month, age and region, and livestock brucellosis was classified according to year, month, population and region. ArcGIS 10.2 software was used to analyze the spatial epidemiological characteristics of the data. Measuring Geographic tool was used to calculate the shifting distance of the center of the disease incidence in humans and animals from 2018 to 2020.Results:From 2018 to 2020, a total of 6 375 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Gansu Province. The 40 - 59 age group accounted for 54.96% (3 504/6 375), 1 584 cases were reported in 2018, 1 787 cases were reported in 2019, and 3 004 cases were reported in 2020. The high incidence time of human brucellosis was July and November. A total of 48 180 brucellosis-positive animals (heads) were detected, of which 47 342 were positive sheep, accounting for 98.26% (47 342/48 180). The high incidence time of brucellosis among animals was October. Among the 14 cities (prefectures), the top cities of livestock brucellosis reported were Qingyang City, Zhangye City and Jiuquan City. The center of disease incidence among humans was located in Gulang County, Wuwei City. The center of disease incidence among animals was located in Wuwei City in 2018 and Qingyang City in 2020.Conclusions:The cases of brucellosis in humans and animals in Gansu Province are on the increase. In some areas, there are problems of separation of human and animal epidemics. It is necessary to actively strengthen monitoring and implement measures to prevent and control brucellosis in humans and animals in high-risk areas to curb the spread of the epidemic.

Objective:To learn about the epidemic dynamics and spatial epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Gansu Province.Methods:Data on human brucellosis in Gansu Province reported by China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology and spatial clustering analysis.Results:A total of 10 025 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2020, with a statistically significant difference in incidence rate between years (χ 2 = 242.86, P = 0.001). The incidence was the lowest in 2018 (6.03/100 000), and the highest in 2020 (11.39/100 000). The reported cases were concentrated in 45 - 55 years old, accounting for 34.52% (3 461/10 025); the male to female ratio was 2.91 ∶ 1.00 (7 458/2 567); farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 82.11% (8 232/10 025). Among the 86 counties (cities, districts) in Gansu Province, Yongchang County had the highest number of reported cases in 2020 (339 cases), and Sunan Yugur Autonomous County had the highest incidence in 2020 (190.89/100 000). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was significant spatial positive correlation between the incidence rate of human brucellosis in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2020 (global Moran's I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05), showing a spatial clustering distribution. The high-high clustering areas were concentrated in Yongchang County and Sunan Yugur Autonomous County. Conclusion:In Gansu Province, the main population of human brucellosis is middle-aged male farmers, and the incidence of brucellosis is spatially clustered.

Objective    To investigate the effect of artificial colloid on coagulation function in pediatric patients weighing less than 5 kg with congenital heart disease during cardiopulmonary bypass in congenital heart disease surgery by using artificial colloid instead of human serum albumin. Methods    A total of 65 pediatric patients with weight less than 5 kg who underwent congenital heart disease surgery in our hospital from September 2016 to December 2017 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups: an artificial colloid group (the experimental group, n=33) and a human serum albumin combined artificial colloid group (the control group, n=32). Perioperative hemoglobin concentration (Hb), blood products and hemostatic drugs used, postoperative coagulation function index and pleural fluid volume 24 hours after surgery were monitored. Results    There was no significant difference in perioperative Hb and chest tube drainage between the two groups. The platelet utilization rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the dosage of other blood products and hemostatic drugs between the two groups during the perioperative period. There was no significant difference in coagulation parameters between the two groups before and after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion    The use of artificial colloid as colloid priming solution during cardiopulmonary bypass has no adverse effect on coagulation function in pediatric patients weighting less than 5 kg with congenital heart disease.