Objective To assess the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)in the diagnosis of different cerebral diseases complicated with cerebral microbleeds (CVBs)and cerebral vascular malformations (CVMs).Methods The MRI data of 76 cases with CMBs and 25 cases with CVMs were retrospectively analyzed and the data were translated as follows:(1 )To compare the counts and detecting sensitivity of CMBs on routine MRI sequences (T1 WI,T2 WI,T2 FLAIR,DWI)with SWI.(2)To assess the difference of SWI,MIP and Phase in detecting the size,counts,intensity and edge features of CMBs.(3)To assess the advantages of SWI in the diagnosis of different CVMs.Results (1)In all 1 524 CMBs detected on SWI,294,87,361,391 CMBs were detected on T1 WI,T2 WI,T2 FLAIR and DWI respectively.The sensitivities were 19.3%,5.7%,23.7% and 5.7% on T1 WI,T2 WI,T2 FLAIR and DWI respectively.It was of statistical significance (P <0.05)in the counts and detecting sensitivity on different MRI sequences.(2) 1 524 and 1 539 CMBs were detected on SWI and MIP respectively.CMBs showed oval,dotted hypointensity or hypointensity domi-nated mixed intensity lesions which were ≤10 mm in size on SWI and MIP.1 521 CMBs were detected on Phase,which appeared as hyperintensity or hyperintensity dominated mixed intensity lesions.MIP and SWI were similar in detecting the size,counts and edge features of CMBs.And Phase was inferior compared with MIP and SWI .(3)12 cases of cerebral venous malformation were detec-ted,which all appeared as the classic Medusa head sign on SWI.6 cases of intracerebral capillary telangiectasia were detected , which were characterized as multiple small rounded even hypointense lesions ortarget signon SWI .2 cases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)were detected on SWI,in which one case only showed multiple small vessels and gross drainage vein,and the other showed clear nidus and gross drainage veins into the sigmoid sinus.4 cases of cerebral cavernous angioma were detected.Mulberry sign, which was characterized as dotted mixed intensity lesion with hypointense ring,was noted in all the cases on SWI.One case of Sturge-Weber syndrome was detected,which showed gyriform low signal lesion on MIP imaging.And many broadened,tortuous veins in the cerebral hemispheres and near the tentorium were also noted.Conclusion SWI can be used as an important sequence for detecting CMBs.Different CVMs show their specific signs in SWI sequence.Combined with conventional MRI sequences an accurate diagnosis can be achieved most of the time.

Objective To evaluate the curative and prophylactic effects of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) by two different administration means. Methods 35 neonates with NRDS were divided into groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ randomly, prophylactic group were randomly divided into groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the means of administration in all patients was through tracheal tube. Neonates in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, were given curosurf in several times with different posture, group Ⅱ and IV were given in one time with supine position. Blood gas analysis, index of mechanical ventilation, the duration of mechanical ventilation, hours of oxygen requirement and hospitalization between Ⅰ and Ⅱ group, the incidence of NRDS between Ⅲ, and IV group were analyzed and compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment for 6 and 24 hours, the oxygenation and lung function of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ improved respectively (P<0.05), the total times of assisted ventilation, Supplemental oxygen therapy and hospitalization were significantly decreased, the differences of those index were no significant between Ⅰ and Ⅱ group (P0.05), the incidence of NRDS have no different between Ⅲ and IV group. Conclusion Pulmonary surfactant is effective and safe for treating and prophylacting NRDS, and have no relationship with the means of administration.

Adult ; Collagen Type III ; blood ; Collagen Type IV ; blood ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Laminin ; blood ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; physiopathology ; Portal Pressure

Objective To examine the effect of low temperature on trehalose and trehalase levels in Culex pipiens pallens. Methods The fourth instar larvae and female adult mosquitoes of Cx. pipiens pallens were exposed at 4 ℃ for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 h and 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72 h, respectively. Then, the trehalose and trehalase contents were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in mosquitoes. Results The contents of trehalose and trehalase significantly increased in the larval and female adult mosquitoes post-exposure to low temperature. The changing trend of trehalose levels was consistent in the larval and female adult mosquitoes, and the highest levels were (2.458 8 ± 0.379 2) mg/g and (2.825 7 ± 0.211 1) mg/g 3 h post-exposure to low temperature, respectively. The trehalose and trehalase levels fluctuated greatly within the first 6 h post-exposure to low temperature. Following adaptation for a period of time, the trehalose and trehalase levels remained at a relatively high level. Conclusion Low temperature may induce the production of trehalose and trehalase in Cx. pipiens pallens, and the trehalose and trehalase may play an important role in the improvement of the cold resistance.