The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) was explored.A total of 2 252 subjects aged 20 to 79 years from medical examination were identified.The prevalence of SCH was 4.88％.The rate of 7.30％ in female was markedly higher than 2.17％ in male(P＜0.01).The highest SCH prevalence in adults was in the ≥70 years old group.The prevalence of SCH in female was increased with age(P＜0.01).Compared with the euthyroid group,body mass index,triglyceride,and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly elevated (P＜0.05),while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly decreased in SCH group(P＜0.05).The incidences of hypertension,dyslipidosis,and MS in SCH group were significantly higher than those in euthyroid group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) ; Serum TSH in the MS group was higher than that in the Non-MS group[(2.43 ± 1.55 vs 2.21 ± 1.48) mU/L,P＜0.01].The incidence of SCH in MS group was significantly higher than that in the Non-MS group (7.69％ vs 4.25％,P＜0.05).The prevalence of SCH in women was increased with age.Multiple factors of dysbolism were clustered in subjects with SCH.There is a correlation between SCH and MS.

Objective:To investigate the effect of partial p osterior teeth with reverse cross-bite at one side of mandible on the chewing m ovement. Methods: 16 university students with partial posterior teeth reverse cross-bite and 12 with normal occlusion were included, 5 cycles o f gum chewing movement with left and right side separately were recorded with K6 -Ⅰmandibular kinesiograph (MKG) for the trace and velocity. Results: ①The chewing movement recorded in frontal plane was with a typical cycl e in controls while that in reverse cross-bite individuals was vertically in an d/or out type (59.38%), as well as in and out in same direction type (21.88%). ②Chewing movement in reverse cross-bite patients was in posterior direction, together with a larger angle of closing trace to horizontal plane and higher che wing terminal velocity. Conclusion: Partial posterior teeth with reverse cross-bite at one side have significant effect on both direction and v elocity of chewing movement.

Objective To compare the consistency and correlation of multiple breath-hold (BH) with respiratory-triggered (RT) 1H-MRS for quantification of hepatic lipid content. Methods Sixty subjects were underwent RT 1H-MRS of the liver (Couinaud segment VII) and BH 1H-MRS at 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonace Imaging (MRI). The peak areas of water and methylene obtained on RT and BH 1H-MRS were recorded respectively and the liver fat fraction was calculated. Pearson correlation coefficient , Bland-Altman 95% limit of agreement, and concordance correlation coefficient were calculated. Results Mean liver fat fraction measured in RT and BH 1H-MRS were (8.6 ± 8.7)% and (9.4 ± 9.3)% respectively. There was a strong correlation between RT and BH 1H-MRS(r = 0.973, P < 0.000 1, concordance correlation coefficient = 0.95). With the Bland-Altman method, 91.7% data points were within the 95% limits of agreement. Conclusion RT and BH 1H-MRS are alternative tools for intrahepatic lipid quantification. These two methods have a strong correlation and perfect consistency.

Objctive: To study the inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine(HHT) or methoxsalen (8-MOP) or in combinnation on humen highly metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells. Methods: Mc3 cells were exposed to the drugs or their combination at various concentrations. The inhibitory effects were tested with MTT assay. Results: The IC 50 values of HHT and 8-MOP were 79.43 ng/ml and 5 980 ng/ml respectively, HHT at the doses of 1-320 ng/ml combined with 8-MOP at 800, 4 000 and 20 000 ng/ml the CI 50 values were 0.76?0.33 and 0.15 respectively.Conclution: The data indicate that combination of HHT with 8-MOP is synergic in the inhibition of Mc3 cell growth.

The etiology and pathogenesis of depression is complex, the regulation of serotonin signaling pathway is one of the most important mechanisms for commercially available antidepressants. In addition to serotonin transporter, recent studies have shown many other serotonin receptor subtypes also play an important role in the treatment of depression, which has become one of the hot topics of antidepressants. Therefore, the progress of serotonin receptors and new structure with the activity of regulating serotonin receptors as well as part of the structure-activity relationships are reviewed in this paper in order to provide reference for the further research and development of antidepressants.

OBJECTIVETo summarize surgical treatments and their corresponding curative effects on sciatic nerve injuries.

METHODSSurgical treatments on sciatic nerve injury were performed in 28 patients from January 1990 to July 2000. The treatments included neurolysis, neurolysis plus partial nerve anastomosis, nerve anastomosis and nerve transplantation. The curative effect was evaluated according to Sunderland criteria.

RESULTSOf 28 cases, 22 patients were followed up with a follow-up period of 13 months to 5 years (average 30 months). Of 22 nerves, 7 were excellent, 5 good, 7 fair and 3 poor, with an excellence rate of 54.5%.

CONCLUSIONSThe fair results of sciatic nerve injury are related to its structural character. Surgical exploration should be performed if nerve function does not recover 3 months after primary operation and if Tinel's sign and electromyogram show no signs of nerve regeneration. Electrophysiological monitoring in the operation is useful in electing surgical methods and predicting the results of nerve anastomosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Regeneration ; physiology ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; Sciatic Neuropathy ; etiology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling and destructive central nervous system injury that has not yet been successfully treated at this stage. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a promising method to produce more biologically complex microstructures, which fabricate living neural constructs with anatomically accurate complex geometries and spatial distributions of neural stem cells, and this is critical in the treatment of SCI. With the development of 3D printing technology and the deepening of research, neural tissue engineering research using different printing methods, bio-inks, and cells to repair SCI has achieved certain results. Although satisfactory results have not yet been achieved, they have provided novel ideas for the clinical treatment of SCI. Considering the potential impact of 3D bioprinting technology on neural studies, this review focuses on 3D bioprinting methods widely used in SCI neural tissue engineering, and the latest technological applications of bioprinting of nerve tissues for the repair of SCI are discussed. In addition to introducing the recent progress, this work also describes the existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.

OBJECTIVE: To separate and isolate total flavonoids from Dendrobium nobile leaves, and to investigate its anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity in vitro. METHODS: Total flavonoids were obtained by ultrasonic extraction method and extracted by chloroform, ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol after the obtained extract was dispersed with water. Qualitative analysis was carried out with color reaction and TLC. The content of total flavonoids in extracts was analyzed quantitatively by Aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite method. Antioxidant activity of extract was investigated by DPPH radical scavenging assay; the inhibitory effect of each extract on Aβ42 protein aggregation was investigated by Thioflavin T assay. Metals (Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+) chelating property was studied by UV-vis spectrum scanning to investigate the anti-AD activity in vitro. RESULTS: The flavonoids were found in ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol and aqueous extracts, and their flavonoids contents were 0. 03, 0. 12, 0. 05 mg/mL, respectively. IC50 of three extracts to DPPH free radicals were 0. 021, 0. 011, 0. 013 mg/mL. Inhibitory rates of them to Aβ42 protein aggregation were 43. 77％, 52. 28％, 38. 42％, respectively. Three extracts exerted metal chelating ability which was best in Cu2+. CONCLUSIONS: The total flavonoids from D. nobile leaves have good antioxidant activities, Aβ42 aggregation inhibitory activities and metal chelating activity, show certain anti-AD activity in vitro especially in butyl alcohol extract.

Objective To study the intratumor heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods We used whole?exome sequencing and array?based comparative genomic hybridization to profile mutations and changes in copy number from 11 regions within 2 cases of ESCC and from the metastatic lymph nodes. Results The numbers of somatic single nuclear polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 4 regions within the tumors in case 1 and case 2 were 93±17 and 124±28, respectively. The majority of SNPs were non synonymous mutations, synonymous mutations, nonsense mutations and splicing junction mutations. The average indels in the 4 tumor regions of case 1 and case 2 were 40 ± 6 and 51 ± 3, respectively. These small indels mainly occurred in exonic ( frame?shift and non?frame?shift ) , untranslational regions of genes and splicing junction regions. All regions from a tumor exhibitedo bvious heterogeneity, and mutational similarity of all four regions within a tumor was less than 25%. Furthermore, gene copy number alteration ( gain or loss) varied among multiple regions of a tumor, and the similarity of gene copy number was less than 20%. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency suggests that multiple, genomic heterogeneous clones co?exist within a primary ESCC, and metastatic subclones may evolve from the primary non?metastatic parental clone. These results indicated that a single?region sampling can not reflect the architecture of the genomic landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors. Conclusions Sequence analysis of whole genome exon in multiple regions can provide strong evidence for genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To study the intratumor heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC) . Methods We used whole?exome sequencing and array?based comparative genomic hybridization to profile mutations and changes in copy number from 11 regions within 2 cases of ESCC and from the metastatic lymph nodes. Results The numbers of somatic single nuclear polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 4 regions within the tumors in case 1 and case 2 were 93±17 and 124±28, respectively. The majority of SNPs were non synonymous mutations, synonymous mutations, nonsense mutations and splicing junction mutations. The average indels in the 4 tumor regions of case 1 and case 2 were 40 ± 6 and 51 ± 3, respectively. These small indels mainly occurred in exonic ( frame?shift and non?frame?shift ) , untranslational regions of genes and splicing junction regions. All regions from a tumor exhibitedo bvious heterogeneity, and mutational similarity of all four regions within a tumor was less than 25%. Furthermore, gene copy number alteration ( gain or loss) varied among multiple regions of a tumor, and the similarity of gene copy number was less than 20%. Phylogenetic analysis of the somatic mutation frequency suggests that multiple, genomic heterogeneous clones co?exist within a primary ESCC, and metastatic subclones may evolve from the primary non?metastatic parental clone. These results indicated that a single?region sampling can not reflect the architecture of the genomic landscape of mutations in ESCC tumors. Conclusions Sequence analysis of whole genome exon in multiple regions can provide strong evidence for genomic heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.