Hemangiomas are relatively common in the head and neck region, but their occurrence in the temporal bone are extremely rare. The hemangioma of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare otologic entity as only 22 cases of hemangioma of the EAC have been reported worldwide. Here we report a patient presenting with pulsatile tinnitus, which turned out to be caused by capillary hemangioma arising from the posterior medial portion of external auditory canal touching the tympanic membrane. Surgical excision of the tumor was successful. The clinical manifestations and management of benign vascular lesions of the EAC are discussed with a review of literature.
Ear Canal* ; Head ; Hemangioma* ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Humans ; Neck ; Temporal Bone ; Tinnitus* ; Tympanic Membrane

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine sodium-related nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, eating behaviors, and self-efficacy by stages of behavioral change in reducing sodium intake among childcare center foodservice employees. METHODS: Subjects (n = 333) were categorized according to two groups based on the stages of change; Pre-action stage (PA group: precontemplation/contemplation/preparation stage), Action stage (A group: action/maintenance stage). RESULTS: A major source of sodium-related nutrition information was TV/radio (56.6%) and only 166 people (49.8%) have experienced nutrition education specific to sodium. Although the A group showed slightly higher scores for nutrition knowledge than the PA group, the difference was not significant. The percentages of correct answers for 'daily goal of sodium intake for adults (27.0%)', 'calculation of sodium content in nutrition labeling (30.3%)' were low for both groups. The A group (total score: 40.3) had more desirable eating attitudes regarding reducing sodium intake than the PA group (36.6, p < 0.001). The total score for eating behaviors was slightly higher in the A group (49.6) than in the PA group (48.5), but without statistical significance. The A group (total score: 58.2) also received higher scores for self-efficacy regarding reducing sodium intake than the PA group (52.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nutrition education for childcare center foodservice employees should be expanded and customized education should be implemented according to the stages in reducing sodium intake. It is also suggested that food companies make efforts to develop low-sodium products.
Adult ; Eating* ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Labeling ; Humans ; Sodium*

Meningioma is well known as common disease of the central nervous system, whereas primary extracranial meningioma is rare, representing 1% to 2% of all meningiomas. We have experienced a case of primary extracranial meningioma presenting as a right cheek mass. The tumor was completely excised via a right lateral rhinotomy incision. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary extracranial meningioma.
Central Nervous System ; Cheek* ; Diagnosis ; Meningioma*

Few studies have reported on the clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for breast cancer in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed the targeted NGS data of 219 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical resection between August 2018 and April 2021.Here, we described the mutational profiles of breast cancer and examined their prognostic implications. The most frequently mutated gene was PIK3CA (n = 97/219, 44.3%), followed by TP53 (n = 79/219, 36.1%), AKT1 (n = 23/219, 10.5%), and GATA3 (n = 20/219, 9.1%). TP53 mutations were associated with aggressive histologic features. We followed up for 31 (range, 1–39) months and observed 11 (5.0%) recurrences: nine were TP53 mutant and two were TP53 wild-type. Multivariable analysis revealed that TP53 mutation was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (p = 0.012). Although no drug is currently available for TP53 mutations, it is valuable to know the mutational status of TP53 for the precise management of breast cancer.

Objectives: . Cultural familiarity and safety must be considered when assessing olfactory ability. The YSK olfactory function (YOF) test is a new olfactory function test using culturally familiar odorants to Koreans. Methods: . The YOF test comprises three subtests for threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I). The identification test included eight universal and four Korean culture-friendly odorants, which were selected considering eight major functional groups. Data were obtained from 1,127 subjects over 19 years old. Subjects were classified as having normosmia (n=542), hyposmia (n=472), and anosmia (n=113) by self-reported olfactory function. The YOF test and the Korean version of the Sniffin’ stick test (KVSS-II) were performed on the same day in random order. Diagnostic cutoffs for anosmia and hyposmia were calculated using the Youden index (J). Results: . The mean values for each T/D/I subtest and the total TDI score were as follows: normosmia (T, 4.6±2.3; D, 8.6±2.1; I, 11.1±1.7; TDI score, 24.2±4.5); hyposmia (T, 3.3±2.2; D, 7.1±2.5; I, 9.2±3.1; TDI score, 19.5±6.4); and anosmia (T, 1.7±1.2; D, 5.1±2.5; I, 5.0±3.2; TDI score, 11.8±5.6). The correlation coefficients between the YOF test and KVSS-II were 0.57, 0.65, 0.80, and 0.86 for T, D, I, and the TDI score, respectively (P<0.001). The diagnostic cutoffs were a TDI score ≤14.5 (J=0.67) for anosmia and 14.5(TDI score ≤21.0 (J=0.38) for hyposmia. The diagnostic efficacy of the YOF test (area under the curve [AUC], 0.88) was equivalent to that of the KVSS-II (AUC, 0.88; P=0.843; DeLong method). Conclusion . The YOF test is a new olfactory test using safe and Korean culture-friendly odorants. It showed equivalent validity with the conventional olfactory function test. Furthermore, the YOF test provides information on the major functional groups of odorants, potentially enabling a more comprehensive interpretation for patients with olfactory disorders.

Solitary pulmonary lymphangiomas are extremely rare. We report here on an unique case of solitary pulmonary lymphangioma in an adult. A well-circumscribed, 6 cm-sized, pleural based lesion with fluid attenuation was found in a 50-year-old Korean male. He had no previous history of disease or trauma. The wedge-resected lung revealed an ill-demarcated lesion with multiple microscopic cysts and the cystic walls had loose intervening stroma.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cysts

PURPOSE: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal death. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of clinical pathway (CP) and off-hours effects in PPH patients who visit the emergency department. METHODS: A retrospective study of PPH patients who visited the emergency department between December 1, 2005 and February 28, 2014 was conducted. A multidisciplinary team was designed for PPH in August 1, 2009. We compared time to intervention, volume of transfusion, length of stay (LOS), and uterus preservation rate between the before CP group and after CP group. RESULTS: A total of 143 post CP groups were compared with 101 before CP visits. Time to operation was less compared with the pre CP group (77 min (22-140) vs 47.5 min (13-114) p=0.011). Volume of transfusion and admission to intensive care units (ICU) were increased in the post CP group. (2 (0-16) vs 2 (0-25) p=0.045, 20 (19.8%) vs 54 (37.8%) p=0.003) LOS of ICU was lower than in the pre CP group and uterus preservation was higher than in the pre CP group. (0 day (0-43) vs 0 day (0-6) p=0.015, 82 (81.2%) vs 129 (90.2%) p=0.042) Time to angiographic embolization was less in the post-CP group with on-duty visits than in post-CP with off hours visits. (38.50 min (16-112) vs 71.0 min (28-633), p=0.025) CONCLUSION: A clinical pathway for PPH is associated with improvement of uterine preservation rate and reduced LOS of ICU. However this CP could not eliminate off-hour effects from time to intervention.
Critical Pathways* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Maternal Death ; Postpartum Hemorrhage* ; Postpartum Period* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterus

Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether mindfulness could mitigate the impact of job and interpersonal demands arising from stressful organizational cultures in predicting depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 280 Korean physical therapists participated in this study. To verify the mediated moderation model, this study implemented an SPSS 26.0 PROCESS Macro (v.3.5) that was based on the verification of Hayes' conditional indirect effect. Results: The study confirmed the moderated mediation effect of mindfulness on the mediating relationship between stressful organizational culture, job demands/interpersonal demands, and depression. Moreover, the conditional indirect effect of mindfulness was found to be statistically significant. However, the impact on interpersonal stress differed from anticipated outcomes. Conclusions Mindfulness, applicable within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources model theory, served as a resource variable and moderated the impact of organizational culture on members' depression. Amidst ongoing debates on mindfulness effectiveness, this study partially confirmed its potential within the Job Demands-Resources model, suggesting a role in mitigating the influence of organizational culture on members' depression as a resource variable.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether mindfulness could mitigate the impact of job and interpersonal demands arising from stressful organizational cultures in predicting depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 280 Korean physical therapists participated in this study. To verify the mediated moderation model, this study implemented an SPSS 26.0 PROCESS Macro (v.3.5) that was based on the verification of Hayes' conditional indirect effect. Results: The study confirmed the moderated mediation effect of mindfulness on the mediating relationship between stressful organizational culture, job demands/interpersonal demands, and depression. Moreover, the conditional indirect effect of mindfulness was found to be statistically significant. However, the impact on interpersonal stress differed from anticipated outcomes. Conclusions Mindfulness, applicable within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources model theory, served as a resource variable and moderated the impact of organizational culture on members' depression. Amidst ongoing debates on mindfulness effectiveness, this study partially confirmed its potential within the Job Demands-Resources model, suggesting a role in mitigating the influence of organizational culture on members' depression as a resource variable.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether mindfulness could mitigate the impact of job and interpersonal demands arising from stressful organizational cultures in predicting depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 280 Korean physical therapists participated in this study. To verify the mediated moderation model, this study implemented an SPSS 26.0 PROCESS Macro (v.3.5) that was based on the verification of Hayes' conditional indirect effect. Results: The study confirmed the moderated mediation effect of mindfulness on the mediating relationship between stressful organizational culture, job demands/interpersonal demands, and depression. Moreover, the conditional indirect effect of mindfulness was found to be statistically significant. However, the impact on interpersonal stress differed from anticipated outcomes. Conclusions Mindfulness, applicable within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources model theory, served as a resource variable and moderated the impact of organizational culture on members' depression. Amidst ongoing debates on mindfulness effectiveness, this study partially confirmed its potential within the Job Demands-Resources model, suggesting a role in mitigating the influence of organizational culture on members' depression as a resource variable.