Objective To explore the drug resistance and genotypes in 30 strains of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from ICU patients to provide the basis for rational use of antibacterial drugs in ICU patients .Methods The MIC method was a-dopted to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and the Enterobacteriaceae intergenic repetitive sequence (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was adopted to perform the genotyping of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli screened out by the antimicrobial susceptibility .Results 30 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from ICU and divided into two genotypes of type A and B2 ,among which 16 strains were isolated in sputum (5 strains of type B2) ,9 strains in blood (7 strains of type B2) ,3 strains in lung lavage fluid and 2 strains in urine (1 strain of type B2) .The drug susceptibility test results showed 13 strains of type B2 and their resistance rates to amoxicillin ,cefuroxime ,piperacillin ,ticarcillin were over 90% .17 strains were type A and their resistance rates to amoxicillin ,cephalothin ,gentamicin ,ticarcillin and piperacillin reached more than 70% .The multi-drug resistance in type B2 was higher than that in the type A .Conclusion Type B2 strain of Escherichia coli shows multi-drug resist-ance and strong pathogenicity and mainly distributes in the blood samples .The use of antibacterial drugs in ICU patients should be reasonably adjusted according to different genotypes of Escherichia coli infection .

The main reasons to doubt the validity of serum pharmacology include:①The components of medical herbs absorbed from gastrointetinal tract enter circulating plasma,not serum in vivo.②Blood coagulation involves the activation of a series of proenzymes,and the proteases induce leukocytes to release lysosomal enzymes.These enzymes may degrade some herbal components.③Thrombin can stimulate platelets and leukocytes to secrete many biologically active substances.④Fibrinolysis,complement and kinin systems are activated during blood coagulation.⑤The processes of serum preparation and inactivation always cause lose of lots of herbal components. Recently finger printing analysis using HPLC-MS and antileukemic proliferation experiments showed that the results obtained from serum pharmacological method might be incorrect. We propose that the ex vivo experiments on multiple levels are necessary to elucidate the pharmacological actions and their mechanisms of medical herbs and believe that the pharmacological method using plasma absorbed herbal components should be better than that using serum.

Objective To review the experience in diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in a single center. Methods A total number of 142/145 pheochromocytoma cases treated surgically in our institute from August 2002 to February 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean diameter of tumor was 5.9 cm (1.3- 18. 0 cm). The majority of the tumors (92.9%) were adrenal pheochromocytomas. Ninety-eight patients (69.0 % ) presented initially with hypertension, whereas 44 patients (31%)presented with adrenal incidentaloma. A specific anti-hypertensive pre-surgery preparation with phenoxybenzamine or doxazosine mesylate was started over 1 week before the operation.Of the 142 patients, 91 accepted open surgery, 54 accepted laparoscopic surgery, of which, 5 converted from laparoscopic surgery to open surgery. Results Histopathological results showed that all the cases were pheochromocytoma, while 83 cases were benign, 23 cases were malignant and 37 cases were suspected malignant. Sudden rising of blood pressure during operation was related to the preoperative serum level of catecholamine. Eighty-seven of 98 patients with preoperative hypertension had normal postoperative blood pressure; the remaining 11 patients reduced the dosage of anti-hypertension medication postoperatively. During the follow-up of 3-96 months (median 46 months), 10 of 91patients had a recurrence or metastasis. Six patients died of recurrences or metastasis within 5 years.Conclusions The procedures of qualitative and locative diagnosis of phechromocytoma include clinical manifestations, biochemical tests and imaging investigation. Surgical excision is the fundamental treatment for cure. Patients with high serum level of catecholamine tend to have a sudden rising of blood pressure during operation. Preoperative management is extremely important for the safety of the patient. Intensive follow up is necessary.

Objective To investigate the genotype ,distribution and drug resistance of 24 multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli i-solates from the patients in the hospital 24 cases of multi-drug resistant genotyping and resistance ,the distribution of its depart-ments in the hospital ,to provide basis for rational use of antibiotics in clinical patients .Methods By MIC method to analyze antimi-crobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli ,Enterobacter Genetics adopt consistent between repetitive sequences (ERIC)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening carried out the multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli genotyping .Results Statistics showed that the hospital were isolated 24 strains were divided into two types A and B2 type genotype .Distribution is 10 in respiratory ,6 in urology , 5 in ICU (B2 type 3) ,3 in hematology and oncology (B2 type 1) .Drug susceptibility results of 4 type B2 ,for cefoxitin ,ceftazidime , amikacin ,ticarcillin + clavulanic acid are all manifestations of resistance .24 strains of Escherichia coli ,amoxicillin ,cephalothin , gentamicin ,ticarcillin ,piperacillin resistance rate reached more than 70% .Conclusion B2-type strain showed multidrug resistance , pathogenicity strong ,and mainly in the ICU and hematology and oncology ,the use of antibiotics should be based on reasonable ad-justments in patients infected with different genotypes of Escherichia coli .

The codeinone reductase gene (cor) and the berberine bridge enzyme gene (bbe) were cloned from young leaf of opium poppy(Papaver somniferum L) by RT-PCR and the coding sequences of these gene were analyzed. The result demonstrated that the cloned COR gene sequence was highly homologous to the other COR gene family members showing 98.96% identity to COR1.1. The cloned BBE gene sequence was 94.84% identified with the released BBE genes in GenBank previously. Based on the cDNA sequences of COR and BBE,two fragments about 400～500 bp from each gene with lower identity among them were cloned. The fusion gene BC(744 bp) is fused by the PCR technique. Then the promoter CaMV 35S driven,containing'forward BC fusion fragments-reverse pdk intron-reverse BC fusion fragments',plant siRNA expression vector were constructed based on the vectors pHANNIBAL and pART27. Inhibition efficiency of the expression vector to the morphine synthesis was studied by transforming papaver nudicarule.The work will lay the foundation for breeding a low morphine and high thebaine poppy.

Objective: To establish a method for determining the content of dracorhodin as an indicator in the quality control with methodological studies to provide basis for the preparation process study of Qilisan gel. Methods: An HPLC method was used with a DiamonsilR C18 (250 mm ×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column, the detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Acetonitrile-0. 05 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (45 ∶ 55) was used as the mobile phase, and the flow rate was l. 0 ml·min-1 . Results: The content of dracorhodin was in a good linear relationship (r =0. 999 6) within the range of 1. 632-64. 250 μg·ml-1 , and the average recovery was 99. 02%(RSD =0. 77%, n =6). The number of theoretical plates was calculated as 7 100 according to the dracorhodin perchlorate peak without any interference from the negative sample. Conclusion: The method is objective, accurate and sensitive with high reliability, easy operation and fast process. The measurement results can be used as the quality control basis for the preparation process study of Qilisan gel.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of Bletilla striata polysaccharide ( BSPS) on immunological and chemical liver injury in mice. Methods Thirty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into five groups, including the normal control group,model control group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose BSPS groups (n=6 each).Tail vein injection of ConA was carried out to establish the ConA-induced liver injury model.After different treatments,all the animals were sacrificed,and the plasma levels of ALT and AST were tested.Additionally,sixty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into six groups,including the normal control group,model control group,silymarin group,and low-,middle-,and high-dose BSPS groups (n=10 each).Tail vein injection of CCl4 was performed to establish the CCl4-induced acute liver injury model.After different treatments,the plasma levels of ALT and GSH were tested.The effects of BSPS on the weights of the liver and spleen were examined. Results The levels of ALT and AST were reduced in BSPS-treated mice when compared with those experiencing only ConA-induced liver injury ( model control group) ,and significant difference was found between the middle-and high-dose BSPS groups and the model control group (P<0.01,P<0.05).The weights of the liver and spleen and the level of ALT were reduced in BSPS-treated mice as compared with those with only CCl4-induced acute liver injury (model control group),while the level of GSH was significantly increased in middle-and high-dose BSPS groups (P<0.05). Conclusion BSPS at low,middle,and high doses can prevent against the ConA-induced immunological liver injury and CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice.

Aim To investigate the effects of Naotai formula extract(NTE)on the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and hephaestin(Heph) in hippocampus of rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.Methods Eighty rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: sham operation group(Sham), cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R), low dose group of NTE(4.5 g·kg-1), middle dose group of NTE (9 g·kg-1) and high dose group of NTE(18 g·kg-1).Rats were pretreated by intragastric administration for three consecutive days, and then subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 2 hours before reperfusion.The rats were administered with intragastric administration for two days.After cerebral ischemia reperfusion 72 hours, the behavioral activity of rats was recorded by Zea Longa neurological score, and the infarct volume was measured by TTC staining.The expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and Heph in hippocampus of cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats were observed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.Results Compared with model group, the neurobehavioral scores significantly decreased in NTE high-dose and middle-dose groups (P<0.01);the infarct volume of NTE groups markedly decreased (P<0.01);the expression of HO-1 mRNA apparently increased (P<0.05) in NTE groups;the expression of Heph mRNA significantly increased in NTE middle-dose and high-dose groups (P<0.05);the expression of Nrf2 and Heph protein evidently increased in the NTE middle and high dose groups (P<0.05, P<0.01);and the expression of HO-1 protein also increased in NTE groups(P<0.01).Conclusions Naotai formula can relieve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The mechanism might be associated with activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways, promoting HO-1 generation, advancing the expression of Heph, and then reducing brain iron deposition, to achieve the protection of neurons after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of thromboembolism in patients with mitral stenosis in a pre-thrombotic state.

METHODSThe biochemical markers' levels in plasma for platelet activity [soluble P-selectin (GMP-140)], states of thrombin generation [antithrombin III (AT III) and protein C (PC)], fibrinolysis [D-dimer (DD), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and FDP] and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were determined from blood specimens obtained from the femoral veins and arteries and the right and left atria of 43 consecutive patients (20 with atrial fibrillation and 23 with sinus rhythm) with mitral stenosis (MS), undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. The same parameters were compared with those of 15 control subjects, who had no detectable heart disease, but with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of the left accessory pathway through a transseptal passage.

RESULTSBlood from the left atrium contained an excessive amount of platelet activity, thrombin generation and fibrinolysis compared with the blood from the right atrium, and the femoral veins and arteries. However blood from the right atrium was much lower in these activities when compared with those from the left atrium, and the femoral veins and arteries in both groups. Compared with those in the control subjects, GMP-140 in the left atrium was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and AT III was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients with MS. Compared with the patients with MS and spontaneous left atrial echocontrast (LASEC) /= 2 had significantly higher levels of GMP-140 in plasma (P < 0.05), and significantly lower levels of AT III (P < 0.05) and PC (P < 0.01) levels in the left atrium. However, there were no significant differences between patients with atrial fibrillation and those with sinus rhythm regarding amounts of plasma coagulation markers in the left atrium. Univariate regression analysis revealed that LASEC was negatively correlated with plasma levels of blood from the left atria in the patients with MS.

CONCLUSIONCoagulability is increased in the left atria of patients with MS and is positively correlated with LASEC.

Adult ; Antithrombin III ; analysis ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; analysis ; Heart Atria ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; complications ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; blood ; Protein C ; analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Thromboembolism ; etiology ; Thrombophilia ; blood ; complications ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis

Objective:To determine the clinical efficacy of posterior intervertebral surgery for single-segment thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 62 patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis who underwent posterior intervertebral surgery (A group) or posterior and anterior combined intervertebral surgery (B group) from January 2010 to January 2015 in Department of Spinal Surgery,General Hospital,Ningxia Medical University.The operative time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP) level,neurological function,VAS score,vertebral Cobb angle,bone healing,and postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results:All patients were followed up for 10 to 30 (average 22) months after the operation.In the A group,operative time,blood loss,and hospital stay were less than those in the B group (P＜0.05).In the follow-up,the pain of patients was alleviated and nervous function was improved obviously in the 2 groups compared with pre-operation.The ESR and CRP at the 6 months after operation returned to the normal range in patients of the 2 groups.There were significant differences in the ESR and CRP among the pre-operation,the 6 months after operation,and the end of follow-up within the group (P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in ESR and CRP between the 6 months after operation and the end of follow-up (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the ESR and CRP among the pre-operation,the 6 months after operation,and the end of follow-up in the 2 group (P＞0.05).The Cobb angles after the operation and the end of follow-up were significanthy smaller than those before the operation (P＜0.01),while there were no significant differences in Cobb angle before operation,after the operation,and the end of follow-up between the 2 groups (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences in the bone healing rate at 6 months or 1 year after operation between the A group and B group (P＞0.05) and the complication rate of the A group was lower than the B group (P＜0.01).Conclusion:Clinical efficacy of posterior intervertebral surgery is satisfatory in treating single-segment thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis with less complications.