AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of loteprednol for controlling of ocular inflammation. METHODS: Data from 8 relevant monographs were retrieved by means of computerized and manual search. The combined analysis of the data was assessed in terms of clinical and statistical criteria, and the data were extracted and synthesized by using the statistical techniques of meta-analysis. Treatment effects and safety of loteprednol were through counting as risk difference between treatment and control groups. The estimates of pooled risk differences were computed according to a random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 1 660 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled risk differences of intraocular pressure elevation were 1 % (95 % CI, -1 %, 3 %) compared with placebo, -5 % (95 % CI, -9 %, 0 %) compared with prednisolone, respectively. Compared with placebo, pooled risk differences of inflammation improvement were: 31 % (95 % CI, 22 %, 40 %) of postoperative inflammation, 28 % (95 % CI, 19 %, 37 %) of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and 26 % (95 % CI, 18 %, 35 %) of giant papillary conjunctivitis, respectively. Compared with prednisolone, pooled risk differences of inflammation improvement of acute anterior uveitis was -15 % (95 % CI, -25 %, -4 %). CONCLUSION: Loteprednol is a safe and effective corticosteroid in controlling ocular inflammation such as postoperative inflammation, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and acute anterior uveitis.

By relating the construction of orbital diseases’ resources bank,the clinical data became useful teaching resources.This paper introduces the construction requirements,its application in teaching for experts in orbital disease and some problems to be solved.

Objective To explore the source of endothelial cells in tumor vessels by A 549 tumor model with GFP nude mouse.Methods To establish the A 549 lung cancer models with GFP nude mice, expression of CD 31 was determined by immunofluorescence to label tumor vessels; to observe and take a picture of the tumor frozen section by confocal microscopy and invert microscope;expression of GFP in tumor vessels was determined by immunohistochemistry. Result The results of immunofluorescence showed:Tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells or endothelial cells clusters and micro-vascular lumen size and shape are clearly visible by immunofluorescence, and part of vessels with no obvious lumen or irregular lumen.We can see green fluorescent in tumor cells of tumor tissue and endothelial cells which form of tumor vessels.The results of immunohistochemistry showed: expression of GFP was determined in cytoplasm of tumor stromal cells and endothelial cells in tumor vessels.Conclusion The endothelial cells which formed tumor neovessels that derived from GFP nude mice partly and the other part derived from tumor cells.

Objective There are a few reports on rats with spontaneous congenital cataract in China .The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of lens in rats with spontaneous congenital cataract . Methods 24 d, 1-year rats with cataract and microphthalmos cataract and normal rats (n=5) were selected as research objects .Their lens were observed by a slit lamp microscope and taken photos in front of them , followed by examination through light micrograph and transmission electron micros-copy. Results Rats with microphthalmos cataract showed narrowed palpebral fissure and broaden nucleus while rats with cataract showed normal palpebral fissure and narrowed nucleus .As for 24 d,1-year rats with microphthalmos cataract , the fibers of their lens showed derangement and vacuole-like degeneration by light microscope , in addition, the abnormal connection between fiber cells were observed by electron microscopy .As for 1-year normal rats , the fibers were in consistent structure and regular arrangement without cell ingredient . Conclusion The appearance and morphological changes of the lens in rats with spontaneous congenital cataracts are in consistence with the pathological changes of cataracts , which is appli-cable in further research on the pathogenesis of cataract .

Objective To study the effects of toys for laboratory animals on reproductive performance and growing development of experimental mice.Methods ICR mice were fed with toys, the informations of reproductive performance and growing development were recorded.Results All the data of reproductive performance of the test group were higher than the control group except the number of newborn mice, and showed significant difference ( P <0.05 ) .The data of growing development of the test group were higher than the control group too, but showed no significant difference ( P >0.05).Conclusion Toys for laboratory animals have good effects on reproductive performance and growing development of mice, and suggested to be used into the process of experimental mice raising.

Objective To study whether the green fluorescent protein ( GFP) gene can be successfully expressed in green fluorescent nude mice and the tissue distribution characteristics.Methods Small animal imaging system and RT-PCR assay were used to detect the GFP tissue distribution and fluorescence expression level.Results The GFP can be expressed in multiple tissues in green fluorescent nude mice.A higher expression was observed in the pancreas, heart, brain, and skin.Conclusion Exogenous GFP can be stably expressed and inherited in green fluorescent nude mice, with the highest expression in the pancreas.

Objective To investigate the relationship between neurovascular coupling and cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Methods We consecutively enrolled 192 patients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University as well as 30 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and years of education from February 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023. General clinical data were collected. All the participants were tested with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）. Neurovascular coupling function was assessed through the dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow velocity （CBFV） induced by active elbow flexion monitored using functional transcranial Doppler sonography （fTCD）. Patients with T2DM were divided into normal cognition （T2DM-NC） group and impaired cognition （T2DM-IC） group according to the MoCA score. The fTCD parameters were compared between the HC group, T2DM-NC group, and T2DM-IC group. The correlation between fTCD parameters and MoCA score was analyzed. Results A total of 81 patients with T2DM （52 with T2DM-NC and 29 with T2DM-IC） and 21 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The glycated hemoglobin level was significantly higher in the T2DM-IC group than in the T2DM-NC and HC groups. Compared with the HC group, the T2DM group showed a significantly smaller percentage change from baseline in mean CBFV （Vm） during motor （ΔVm）, a significantly smaller normalized area under the curve of Vm during motor （nAUC）, and a significantly lower Vm slope （all P < 0.05）. After normalization, the nAUC was significantly lower in the T2DM-IC group than in the T2DM-NC and HC groups, and the upward slope of Vm was significantly higher in the HC group than in the T2DM-NC and T2DM-IC groups （all P < 0.01）. The ΔVm （r = 0.343, P = 0.001） and nAUC （r = 0.356, P = 0.001） were positively correlated with MoCA score. Baseline pulsatility index （PI, r = -0.496, P < 0.001）, baseline resistance index （RI, r = -0.475, P < 0.001）, PI during motor （r = -0.542, P < 0.001）, and RI during motor （r = -0.523, P < 0.001） were negatively correlated with MoCA score. Conclusion Neurovascular uncoupling is a possible cause of cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM.