Objective To study the effect of perinatal exposure to sulphamethazine on the expression of neurotrophs(NGF and BDNF) in the hippocampus of offspring in rats.Methods The dams(SD rats) were fed with sulphamethazine at the doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/(kg.d) respectively from gestational day 7 to postpartum day 21.The brains of the pups aged 30 days were collected and the expression of NGF and BDNF was determined by immunohistochemistry staining.Results The expression of NGF in CA1 and CA3 of hippocampus significantly decreased in all pups of perinatal exposure to sulfamethazine(P

Objective: To evaluate the properties of PLA-PEG as a biodegradable scaffold material combined with rhBMP-2 for bone construction.Methods:PLA-PEG/rhBMP-2 multipore compound was prepared,then compression intensity and compression module were tested.The mandibular defect model was made in 20 rabbits,then PLA-PEG/rhBMP-2 was implanted into the defects on one side,and PLA-PEG without rhBMP-2 was implanted into the defect on another side as the control.The bone specimens were retrieved to make density analysis with X-ray photogram following sacrifice of the rabbits 2,4,8 and 16 weeks respectively after operation,then the specimens were decalcified to make histopathological observation by means of HE stain.Results:Compression intensity(MPa) of the PLA-PEG/(rhBMP)-2 compound was 30.05?3.12,and compression module(MPa) was 371.67?12.37.At 2,4,8 and 16 weeks,more new bone was observed,and higher intensity(P

AIM To study the pharmacokinetics of SJ SPM. METHOD The pharmacokinetics of SJ SPM was studied after oral doses in dog and in rat, compared with the pharmacokinetics of ASPM. Rat orally administed 40 mg?kg -1 SJ SPM, 72 h urine and bile recoveries were studied. Blood,urine and bile concentrations were tested with agar diffusion method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p87 program in computer. RESULTS The plasma drug concentration time data for each subject were analyzed and fitted with a linear two compartment model. Following oral doses of 30,20,10 mg?kg -1 SJ SPM in dog, drug is rapidly and widely distributed throughout the body and lag time are 18～30 min; T max 1 43～2 44 h; C max 1 02～2 94 ?g?ml -1 ; T 1/2? 0 48～1 81 h; T 1/2? 8 40～10 52 h; Oral doses of 30,20,10 mg?kg -1 SJ SPM in dog and 120,80,40 mg?kg -1 in rat resulted in linear increase in the peak serum levels and areas under the serum concentration time curve. The MRT of SJ SPM,ASPM in rat and dog did not change significantly with an increase in oral dosage. Under the same conditions, the pharmacokinetics of ASPM was studied in dog, Oral doses of 30,20,10 mg?kg -1 ASPM in dog, lag time are 0 37～0 44 h; C max 0 87～3 34 ?g?ml -1 ; T max 1 49～2 26 h; T 1/2? 0 59～1 17 h; T 1/2? 7 42～12 04 h; MRT 7 56 h; AUC 7 65, 17 44, 26 25 ?g?ml -1 ?h -1 respectively. Following oral doses of 120,80,40 mg?kg -1 SJ SPM in rat, T max 1 57～2 45 h; C max 0 39～3 14 ?g?ml -1 ; T 1/2? 1 36～1 77 h; T 1/2? 15 63～20 64 h;MRT 13 0 h; AUC 8 44,16 54,37 58 ?g?ml -1 ?h -1 .Rat orally administered 40 mg?kg -1 SJ SPM, 72 h urine and bile recoveries are 2 18% and 4 70% respectively. CONCLUSION There are no significantal difference between SJ SPM and ASPM statistic.

Epilepsy is the common neurological disease, and antiepileptic drugs are the main means for the treatment of epilepsy. However, there is no conclusion on the timing of drug withdrawal in patients with epilepsy. In recent years, some large-scale prospective studies have provided some guidance on anti-epileptic drugs withdrawal. This article focused on the factors affecting the prognosis and timing of drug withdrawal, hoping to further the understanding of anti-epileptic drugs withdrawal and instruct clinical practise.

Objective To explore the role of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in modulating apoptosis of ER-negative breast cancer cells induced by tamoxifen. Methods ER-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 were treated with 10.0?M tamoxifen for 12, 24, 36,48, 60 hours. The rate of cell apoptosis with or without caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, and protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax were determined by flow cytometry, and the activity of Caspase-3 was examined with fluorophotometry. Results The expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, the activity of Caspase-3 and the rate of cell apoptosis were increased by TAM time-dependently, and the rate of apoptosis reached its peak at 48 hours. The expression of Bcl-2 was (negatively) correlated with activity of caspase-3. Tamoxifen, however, did not affect Bax protein expression. Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase-3 inhibitor, blocked the activation of caspase-3 and inhibited cell apoptosis (induced) by tamoxifen. Conclusions TAM could induce apoptosis in ER-negative breast cancer cells via (mitochondria) pathway by down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, and the activation of Caspase-3 might play an (important) role in the process of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of ER-negative breast cancer cells.

Objective To explore the application effect of sandwich teaching method in clini-cal teaching in the department of orthopedics. Methods Totally 150 clinical medicine students were divided into 2 groups: sandwich teaching group (n=75) and lecture-based learning group (n=75). Sandwich teaching method combined with bedside teaching method was used in sandwich teaching group while lecturing combined with bedside teaching method was used in control group. Theoretical examination, clinical operation skill test, clinical case analysis and questionnaire investigation were conducted after the course. Comparison between the two groups was made using independent sample t test and measurement data were expressed as x±s. P<0.05 signifies statistically significant differences. Results Theoretical examination score, clinical skill test score and clinical case analysis score were higher in sandwich teaching group than in control group. [(53.70±4.27) vs. (48.00±4.83);(15.70± 2.49) vs. (11.40±2.87);(17.10±1.52) vs. (13.80±1.32)]. Questionnaire showed that commutation and expression ability, cooperation ability and self thinking ability were better in sandwich teaching group than in control group , with statistical differences . Conclusions Sandwich teaching method achieves good teaching effect and it is worth recommending in clinical teaching.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) used as an alternative to air in the gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods 80 cases underwent ESD treatment were randomly as-signed to two groups, 40 cases in CO2 group and 40 in air group. Arterial blood CO2 partial pressure was measured preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record patients the degree of abdominal pain and distention at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after operation in each group. The incidence of com-plications were evaluated. Regular follow up were scheduled in all the patients. Results There was no significant dif-ference in degree of abdominal pain score and the CO2 partial pressure between the two groups. The abdominal dis-tension scores of CO2 group were significant lower than air group at 1 h, 6 h after the ESD procedure. There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of complications. Conclusion The utilization of CO2 in gas in-sufflation during gastric ESD is safe. CO2 insufflation can significant reduce the postoperative abdominal distension and improve the quality of postoperative recovery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of double-channel forward-view endoscopy for lower-position biliary obstruction after Billroth-Ⅱ gastrectomy.Methods A total of 18 patients with lower-position biliary obstruction after Billroth-Ⅱ gastrectomy were enrolled and treated with doublechannel forward-view endoscopy.The process and the outcomes were recorded.Effectiveness and safety were evaluated.Results Double-channel forward-view endoscopic treatment was successfully performed in 13 of the 18 patients (72％),with stone removal or stents implantion to resolve biliary obstruction.The procedure failed in 5 patients,who were transferred to surgery or underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage.Delayed bleeding occurred in 1 patient,and pancreatitis in 2,who were cured after standard treatments.Conclusion Double-channel forward-view endoscopy is effective and safe for lower-position biliary obstruction in patients after Billroth-Ⅱ gastrectomy.

Objective To investigate the optimal time for double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).Methods Data of 78 patients with OGIB who underwent DBE from January 2009 to November 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.They were classified into two groups:emergency DBE and non-emergency DBE.The demographic and clinical features and outcomes of DBE,the time of examination and complications were compared.Results The overall diagnostic yield of DBE was 48 lesions (61.54 ％).The overall diagnostic yield of emergency DBE group was 77.14％,which was significantly higher than that in non-emergency DBE group (48.83％) (P =0.019).The time of examination in emergency group was shorter than that of non-emergency group with significant difference (P =0.031).Conclusion Emergency DBE takes less time and yields a higher rate of detection.Patients withOGIB should receive DBE as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LST) and the risk factors. Methods Data of 51 patients with coloretral LST,treated with ESD from January 2010 to May 2014 at Shengjing hospital affiliated to China Medical University,were reviewed.The incidence of electrocoagulation syndrome was analyzed and logistic regression was used to evaluate risk.Results The incidence of electro-coagulation syndrome was 9.8%(5 /51).The incidence of tumors in the rectal area(7.1%,2 /28)was lower than that of the left half colon (12.5%,1 /8),and the right colon (13.3%,2 /15).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the development of electrocoagulation syndrome were LST located in non-rectum area (OR =1.655,P <1.655),lesion size larger than 25 mm (OR =1.028, P <0.05),the operation time longer than 129 min (OR =1.016,P <0.05),age older than 62 year old (OR =0.987,P <0.05).Conclusion For the patients aged over 62 year old,lesion size larger than 25 mm,the operation time longer than 129 min and LST located outside the rectum,the mucous membrane should be separated from the muscularis propria in the ESD procedure to reduce electrocoagulation time as much as possible. In the postoperative period,patients need fasting,fluid replacement support,and prevention of post endoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome (PEECS).