In the experimental study 5 cases of heteroepikeratophakia (HEP) (human to monkey) were done. The results showed that 4 HEP of experimental monkeys were found to be transparent in 6～24 months after operation. One of five experimental monkeys failed to have a transparent HEP because of epithelia implantation between donor lenticule and host cornea in the 3rd month after operation. In clinical study, HEP (monkey to human) was performed on 2 patients with aphakia. The visual acuity of these patients were improved because the transparent HEP was achieved. Either in experimental or in clinical study the immunological rejection was not found.

OBJECTIVE:To study the change regular of esterase isozyme and peroxidase isozyme of Polyporus umbellatus. METHOD:Using polypropylene amide circle electrophoresis.RESULTS：The pattern and activity of isozyme in same strain had some difference at different culture days,but some of isozyme pattern bands of the Rf value were visible in whole culture stage.Every strain had its peculiar pattern bands.CONCLUSION:The number of isozyme pattern bands and enzyme activity were proportional to the growing rate of myceliun,as well as its metabolic activity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRCP in the determination of common bile duct (CBD) exploration in gallstone pancreatitis(GP). Methods The clinical data of the patients who underwent CBD exploration due to gallstone pancreatitis during two different periods were retrospectively reviewed. Between 1995 and 1999,46 patients with gallstone pancreatitis underwent CBD explorations based on the preoperative ultrasonographic examination of stones and dilatation of CBD . Between 2000 to 2002,the explorations were carried out in 30 patients based on MRCP findings. Results Negative exploration occurred in 28 patients (60.8%) during the first period and 7 patients (23.3%) during the second period. The difference of negative CBD exploration rate between the two groups was statistical significance(P

Process for the preparation of artificial seeds of Dendrobium candidum was established by using the somatic embryos of this plant. Experimental result showed that 1/2MS medium supplemented with sucrose was suitable to induce germination and seedling of D. candidum artificial seeds. The germination rate was over 80%.

Objective To study the necessity of alimentary tract examinations before laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods Alimentary tract examinations were carried out in 130 cases in preparation for LC. In addition, the clinical records of 4 cases with missed diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer during LC were also retrospectively analyzed. Results Out of the 130 cases, alimentary tract examinations found 11 cases of gastric and duodenal ulcer, 1 case of paraesophageal hernia, 4 cases of duodenal diverticulum, 4 cases of gastric cancer and 3 cases of colon cancer. Afterwards the surgery was temporarily canceled in 10 cases, and the rest of the 13 cases received open surgery. Missed diagnosis in the 4 cases included 3 cases of gastric cancer and 1 case of colon cancer. Conclusions Gastrointestinal diseases are often concurrent with gallbladder diseases. It is necessary to consummate alimentary tract examinations before LC for determining the indication of the operation and avoiding the misdiagnosis of other diseases.

Although allograft corneal transplantation has made great progress,keratoprothesis implantation is the only one hope, for both the patients who has fleshy pannus corneal vitiligo and the patients with the failure corneal transplantation surgery whose far sight is only light perceptions to recover their eye sight. To gain success and reduce complications, a lot of work has been done in keratoprosthesis materials and type, but heterogeneity and bio-compatibility are not solved totally. Because of development in the cell culture and tissue engineering, cornea ex vivo culture has gain a critical success. From cell option to carrier using, reconstructed three dimensional culture and epithelium equivalent mimicked human corneas in key morphology and function and were used in basic and clinical investigation. This article reviews the development of materials of keratoprosthesis and tissue engineering cornea.

Objective　To analyze the therapeutic effects of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens in several kinds of cataract.Methods　The surgery was performed under topical anesthesia on 672 eyes of 546 patients with senile ,complicated ,congenital and traumatic cataracts through different incision.Results　Postoperatively, the visual acuities with spherical correction or without correction were 0.5 or better in 83.0%, 88.9% of the eyes three hours later and in one day; and 1.0 or better in 27.2%, 28.7% in one week and one month. The mean postoperative astigmatism was all under +1.0D which was not found preoperatively in only 35 patients. There was no significant difference of the visual acuities between every two kinds of different cataract.Conclusion　The phacoemulcification with intraocular lens implantation can be widely used in treating different kinds of cataract.

Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3(VEGFR-3) mRNA expression, microvessels density (MVD) and lymphatic microvessels density (LVD) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and normal liver tissue. Try to illuminate the relationship among VEGF-C,VEGFR-3,MVD,LVD and the clinical pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Liver tissue of 60 cases definitely diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma and 20 normal cases were collected. VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression were examined by RT-PCR, MVD and LVD were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Relationship between these indexes and clinical pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma was also analysed. Results VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression, MVD and LVD in hepatocellular carcinoma were higher than those in normal liver tissue (P<0.01); In hepatocellular carcinoma tissue, expression of VEGF-C mRNA positively related with VEGFR-3 mRNA, MVD and LVD(P<0.01). VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression positively related with portal vein tumor thrombus, intrahepatal metastasis and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). MVD positively related with portal vein tumor thrombus and intrahepatal metastasis (P<0.01). LVD positively related with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Conclusion VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression increase in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. They might play roles in tumor invasion and metastasis by inducing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

AIM: In order to understand the pathological changes, characteristic of degeneration in optic nerve and retina after strike of optic nerve. METHODS: According to methods of Allen's spinal injury, a 600gcm-strike power was put on the intraocular portion of the optic nerve and created a striking injury on optic nerve. After a survival interval of 48 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, the animal's optic nerves and retinas were collected and fixed for morphological examination. RESULTS: Forty-eight hours after nerve injuries, the optic nerves were slight enlargement and vacuolation. In 1 week, the optic nerve began to degenerate in injured part and the glia cell had proliferated, but the forms of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) were normal. In 2 weeks, the vacuolation and focal necrosis were appeared between nerve fiber. The number of RGCs began to decrease. Condensed nuclei presented in the retina. In three month, the diameter of the optic nerve decreased in injury part and collo-scar was formed. The phenomenon mentioned above was more obviously. The internal nuclear neurons and outer nuclear neurons appeared rare. The thickness of retina decreased. The number of RGCs began to decrease in 48 hours and progressed thereafter. It decreased about 3.35%, 13.23%, 19.74%, 23.20%, 29.28% in 48 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months compared with the number of normal RGCs. RGCs began to apoptosis in 48 h. CONCLUSION: The model in this experiment could make definite uncompleted optic nerve and retina injuries. The degree of neuron injuries decreased from RGC, internal nuclear neurons to outer nuclear neurons. The number of RGCs began to decrease in 48 hours, and most quickly periods from 48 hours to one week.

AIM: In order to search carrier material and better tissue culture method, the morphology and structure of the cultured cat corneal endothelium was observed. METHODS: The cat corneal endothelial cells were seeded on the Descemet's membrane of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma, and then cultured in the medium with epidermal growth factor and laminin for 7 days. The morphology and structure of reconstructed tissue was tested by the inverted microscope and the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: As shown by the morphological observations, the cultured cat corneal endothelial cells formed an integrated membrane, and attached to the Descemet's membrane, which was similar to the nature tissue. The cells connected tightly to each other, and some of them arranged in hexagon approximately. CONCLUSION: The cat corneal endothelial cells could be rebuilt on the carrier of the dehydrated swine corneal stroma successfully, which is similar to the nature tissue.