Objective To observe the corelation between quantitative index and the grade of the liver function with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in hepatic cirrhosis. Methods Seventy-five patients of cirrhosis after HBV were divided into 3 groups (each n=25) on the basis of the liver function by Child-pugh method, while 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the control group. The inner diameter and Doppler spectrum of right hepatic vein (RHVD, RHVF) were measured. After intravenous bolus injection 1.2 ml SonoVue, RHA and RHV were observed continually on real time, hepatic artery transit time (HATT) and hepatic vein transit time (HVTT) were recorded, then HTTs were calculated. Results In hepatic cirrhosis groups, RHVD decreased remarkably, RHVF was abnormal, HVTT and HTT were obviously shorter, and HTTs were shortened significantly.Conclusion CEUS may play an important role in qualitative evaluation of liver function, and HTT is more valuable than HVTT.

Objective To assess the value of ultrasound guided percutanuous automatic biopsy of mediastinal tumors.Method Forty-six consecutive biopsies were performed on forty-six patients suffered from mediastinal tumor included 14 thymomas,12 lymphomas,9 metastasis carcinomas,5 mediastinal lung carcinomas,3 teratomas,2 neuroblastomas,1 granulosa cell tumor.Under US guidance,a 18-guage core needle with automatic biopsy device was used.Specimen was fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution.Results The procedure of puncture was successful in all patients.The positive rate histologically was 89%(41/46).No complication (such as hemorrhage,pneumothorax and dyspnoea) was happened.Conclusion We consider that the ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy is a safe and reliable method for the histological diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous automatic renal biopsy guided by ultrasound with two approaches. Methods One hundred and fifty patients who were suspected with diffuse renal disease were divided into two groups randomly: group A (n=74) and group B (n=76). In both groups A and B, an 18G cut needle with automatic biopsy gun was inserted the inferior pole of right kidney from proximal and distal end of transducer, respectively. After accomplishment, the times of puncture, length of sample, number of glomeruli and complications were recorded were recorded. And the number of glomeruli per centimeter was calculated. Results The differentiation of diffuse renal disease was assured by the specimens obtained by biopsy in all the patients. The puncture times in group A was less than those in group B (P0.05), and the number of glomeruli per centimeter in group A was more than that in group B (P

Objective To evaluate the role of two-dimensional ultrasound, conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods Eighty-three patients with knee osteoarthritis (118 knee joints) and 61 healthy subjects as a control received clinical, laboratory and ultrasound examinations. Results A higly significant difference in the thickness of knee articular cartilage between the patients and controls was found by ultrasound examination(P

Objective To explore three-dimensional ultrasonographic features of common ocular diseases. Methods To acquire the data, the free-hand scanning without positioning system was employed in 3 to 5 seconds. Following or after acquisitions, the data were processed and 3D image was reconstructed. Then three-dimensional ultrasonographic features of ocular diseases were characterized. Results 3D images were rendered successfully on 46 eyes of 48 ones. The reconstruction of 3D ultrasonography provided clear stereo images in which shape, dimension, structure, location of retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, vitreous fibrous membrane, lens dislocation, intraocular foreign body and intraocular trauma could be clearly demonstrated. Conclusions 3D ultrasonography needs much shorter scanning time with good space visualization. In the diagnosis of ocular diseases 3D ultrasonic reconstruction can provide more useful information than traditional 2D ultrasonography.

Objective To compare the characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and different differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by CEUS and evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS.Methods The cases who underwent CEUS and were pathologically demonstrated as ICC (n=34) and HCC (n=136) were observed.The characteristics of ICC and different differentiated HCC in conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed,and the diagnostic efficiency of wash out time were calculated.Results ICC had higher percentage (24/34,70.59％) of washout emerging in early portal phase than those of HCC.And ICC had lower percentage (0;4/34,11.76％) of washout emerging in middle and late portal phase than poorly and moderate differentiated HCC.Poorly differentiated HCCs had higher percentage (16/41,39.02％) of washout emerging in middle portal phase than well differentiated HCC.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy,positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of washout time in diagnosis of ICC were 82.35 ％ (28/34),91.18％ (124/136),70.00％ (28/40),95.38％ (124/130),89.41％ (152/170),9.4,0.2,respectively.The rise time of ICC and well,moderate and poorly differentiated HCC were (13.03 ± 3.49) s,(13.80 ± 3.04)s,(14.89±4.12)s,(16.00±3.38)s,respectively,and the difference was significant (F=4.369,P＜0.05).The rise time of ICC was significantly higher than that of well differentiated HCC (P＜0.05).Conclusion The CEUS performances are different significantly among ICCs and different differentiated HCCs,which has value for the differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect and the prognostic factors of radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for primary liver cancer(PLC).Methods RFA was performed in 195 patients with PLC,and the efficency was evaluated with univariate analysis.Cox′s regression analysis model was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis.Results In the whole group of patients,the 1,2,3 and 5-year overall survival rate was 80.5%,67.4%,49.1% and 32.7% respectively,and in the patients with small PLC(the size≤3 cm),the 1,2,3 and 5-year overall survival rate was 91.7%,81.2%,60.5% and 40.4% respectively.The Cox regression models indicated that the independent factors in determining the prognosis were: Liver function of Child-Pugh stage,tumor size and occlusion of hepatic inflow during RFA.Conclusions RFA is an effective mini-invasive treatment for patients with PLC,and especially for the patients with small PLC.The efficency of RFA for small PLC has the same outcome as that of surgical resection of the tumor.Liver function of Child-Pugh stage,tumor size and occlusion of hepatic inflow during RFA are the independent prognostic factors.

Objective To sum up the effect and experience in radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for liver cancer(LC). Methods The clinical data of 102 patients with LC treated by percutaneous and intraoperative RFA were analysed retrospectively. Results RFA was used to treat 195 tumors (median diameter 5.6 cm,ranging from 1.5 to 9.5 cm) in 102 patients.Of them, primary liver cancer was found in 80 patients( 78.4%),and metastatic liver tumor was in 22 patients(21.6%). Percutaneous RFA(PRFA) and intraoperative RFA(IRFA) was performed in 77 patients(75.5%) and 25 patients(24.5%) respectively. There was no severe complications after RFA in this series. All of the 102 cases had been followed up for 3～24months,AFP positive returned to negative in 70.3%(52/74)of the patients.The rate of concreted necrosis of liver cancer showed by CT was 88.2%(90/102). The 1 year survival rate was 93.8%.Conclusions RFA is a safe and effective treatment for patients with LC. Patients with small and readily accessible tumor are the indications of PRFA;while the patients with large,multiple,perivascular or otherwise inaccessible liver tumor are also the indications for IRFA.The adoption of the TACE and other methods to occlude the vascular inflow can improve the efficacy of RFA.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status quo of pharmacists training in Hong Kong,and to provide reference for pharmaceutical education reform of college in mainland.METHODS: The status quo,role,license examination and culture system of licensed pharmacist in Hong Kong were analyzed.Based on the practice of our university,the difference in culture system of pharmacentical talents and curriculum setting of pharmaceutical education were compared between Hong Kong and mainland.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: On the basis of education reform practice of our university for Hong Kong students,it is suggested to match the pharmacy curriculum setting and training program used in Hong Kong,to improve the clinical practice,to explore "4+2" culture model,and to enhance English training of pharmaceutical education.

Color ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color