Objective To evaluate the consistency of fetal brain ultrasound screening and neurosonogram (NSG) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and the clinical values of ultrasound and NSG in the diagnosis of fetal nervous system abnormalities,and the values of NSG in the diagnosis of fetal brain malformations.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 221 gravidas who were diagnosed with fetal brain development abnormality by ultrasound screening or NSG in Peking University First Hospital between January 2012 and July 2015 and received fetal brain MRI within one week after ultrasound examination.According to the saved images,the 221 cases were divided into two groups:fetal brain ultrasound basic screening group (111 cases) which had three basic transverse planes and NSG group (110 cases) which had ten basic transverse planes.There were four conditions according to the diagnostic results of ultrasonography and MRI:ultrasonography and MRI suggesting the same diseases (A);ultrasonography and MRI suggesting the same diseases,but MRI providing more information for diagnosis (B);ultrasonography and MRI suggesting different diseases (C);ultrasonography suggesting abnormal,but MRI suggesting normal (D).Diagnostic results of ultrasonography and MRI were respectively comparatively analyzed in the two groups.T-test and Chi-test were used for statistical analysis.Results The diagnostic results for NSG group and fetal brain ultrasound basic screening group were listed as follows:A:70.9％(78/110) and 44.1％(49/111);B:7.3％ (8/110) and 8.1％ (9/111);C:3.6％ (4/110) and 21.6％ (24/111);D:18.2％ (20/110) and 26.1％ (29/111).The consistency with MRI results was higher in NSG group than that of fetal brain ultrasound basic screening group (x2=18.985,P＜0.001).Conclusions Compared with fetal brain ultrasound basic screening,NSG provides more consistent results with MRI,suggesting its great clinical value in the diagnosis of fetal nervous system malformations.

15 ml/s). Conclusions Combined use of mini-incision open cystolithotomy and TURP can be the first choice for the management of BPH complicated with large or multiple bladder stones.

Objective To summarize the causes, diagnosis and treatment of transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) during the transurethral vaporization of the prostate (TUVP). Methods Among 322 consecutive patients who underwent TUVP, TURS happened in 27 patients (8.4%). Their clinical data on the operation, monitoring and treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of the 27 patients, the mean operative time was 95 min (52~170 min), the mean blood loss was 251 ml (100~700 ml), and the mean weight of resected prostate was 36.1 g (16~82 g). During the operation the prostatic capsule was perforated in 21 patients (78%). Postoperatively, all the patients had yawning, hypotension and bradycardia. Their serum sodium concentrations during TURS were 122.3?9.6 mmol/L, which was 16.3?4.5 mmol/L lower than before the operation, with significant difference ( t=)14.211,P90 min). Close attention and assessment of the patient’s) vital signs and mental status can increase the early detection and treatment of TURS.

Although allograft corneal transplantation has made great progress,keratoprothesis implantation is the only one hope, for both the patients who has fleshy pannus corneal vitiligo and the patients with the failure corneal transplantation surgery whose far sight is only light perceptions to recover their eye sight. To gain success and reduce complications, a lot of work has been done in keratoprosthesis materials and type, but heterogeneity and bio-compatibility are not solved totally. Because of development in the cell culture and tissue engineering, cornea ex vivo culture has gain a critical success. From cell option to carrier using, reconstructed three dimensional culture and epithelium equivalent mimicked human corneas in key morphology and function and were used in basic and clinical investigation. This article reviews the development of materials of keratoprosthesis and tissue engineering cornea.

The polymorphisms of minisatellite p33.6 (D1S111) locus were typed rapidly and accurately us- ing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragments were analyzed by mini- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver stain. The distribution of allele frequencies among 100 unrelated Chinese is reported. 14 alleles, containing 9 to 22 repeat units, had been detected with a heterozygosity of 76%. The allele frenquencies were from 0.5 %to 35.5 %. The size of amplified fragments ranged from 435 bp to 925bp. The discrimination power of p33.6 locus was 0. 916. The Amp --FLP was inherited according to the Mendelian Law. The results showed that the polymorphisms of p33.6 locus can be used for individual identification and paternity test.

DNA extracted from 100 unrelated Chinese were detected by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), mini polyacryl gel vertical electrophorese and silver staining techniques at the p33. 4 locus. Among 100 unrelated individuals, 8 alleles were detected,Foster-Freeman BIOTRAC system indicated that the number of copies of the tandem repeats in different allele was 7, 10 to 15 respectively.There was a rare allele whose copy number was more than 13 but less than 14. The allele fragmehtlength varied from 603 to 1115bp,the allele freqency 0.5 % ~ 53. 5 %,heterozygosity 64 %,DP value84. 5 %. Pedigree analysis indicated that alleles of p33. 4 locus obey Mendel's Laws. Successful typingof various tissues and single hair folicle had confirmed that this technique is suitable for personal identification. In addition, by using Chelex we had established an alterntive method for extracting DNAfrom biological materials,whlch is rapid and easy to perform.

AIM:To investigate the effects of rhTGF-?1 and TGF-?1 gene transfection on the proliferation of cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells in vitro.METHODS:Cell growth induced by various concentrations of rhTGF-?1 was determined by MTT proliferation assay.Under the induction of liposomes,recombinant pSecTag2-TGF-?1MP vectors were transferred into the corneal endothelial cells.Morphological changes of transfected cells were observed by HE staining.The expression levels of TGF-?1 were assessed by ELISA.Cell cycle analysis was assessed by flow cytometry.DNA fragment analysis was used to confirm the presence of apoptosis.RESULTS:rhTGF-?1 in concentrations of 5-20 ?g/L showed a significant suppressive effect on the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells,0.5-1 ?g/L had no effect,0.05-0.1 ?g/L facilitated cell growth,as compared with negative controls.The morphous of transfected corneal cells had no significant abnormality compared with normal cells.According to the result of ELISA,the concentration of TGF-?1 in the supernatant was calculated to be(98?3)ng/L.Flow cytometry assay showed that S and G2/M phase of transfected cells decreased significantly compared with that of control group,but the cell cycle recovered normally after adding 10 ?g/L EGF into the culture medium.Agarose electrophoresis didn't show marked ladders in transfected group.CONCLUSION:Effects of rhTGF-?1 on the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells are different with various concentrations.TGF-?1 gene transfection shows suppressive effect on the proliferation of cultured corneal endothelial cells,but does not induce cell apoptosis.EGF is the antagonist of this suppressive effect.

0.05), the expression of CD4+ was increased in rabbit corneal stroma (P

AIM: To observe the immunoregulation of all ogeneic cornea on the human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS: After Co-culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and allogeneic cornea in vitro, T lymphocytes were labeled by monoclonal ant ibody, and analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS). RESULTS: CD25 expression on T lymphocytes in control was 25.2%, after stimulated by the allogeneic cornea or PDB, CD25 expression on T lymphocy tes was 56.8% and 80.9%, respectively. After stimulated by the allogeneic corn ea, CD25 expression on CD 4+ or CD 8+ T lymphocytes were 67.3% and 52.3% , respectively. CONCLUSION: Allageneic cornea stimulates CD25 expression on huma n peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and the CD25 expression on CD 4+ T lymphocy tes is more prominent than CD 8+ T lymphocytes.

A region of the D17S30(pYNZ22) locus was amplified in DNA from 120 unrelated chinese individuals was carried out. The amplified products were analysed by mini-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver stain. 11 alleles, ranging from 170bp to 870bp in size and from 0. 4 % to 30. 4 % in frequency, was detected. The heterozygosity was 73%, Dp value was 0.938. The family study showed that the Amp-FLP in pYNZ22 locus is inherited according to the Mendelian law. The correct genotyping results can be obtained from very little amount of biological material, such as mixed stains, blood stains, single hair and saliva.