PURPOSE: There is no consensus about a definition of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there are various definitions based on a combination of clinical parameters used to describe the properties of BPH: symptoms of prostatism, increase of prostate volume, and bladder outlet obstruction. The prevalence of clinical BPH in Asian was believed to be lower than Caucasian. The lower urinary tract symptoms associated with BPH in Korea was reported by some authors and it was similar to the results of other studies in western countries. We report the prevalence of BPH in Korean men through a community-based study in Jeong-Eup county, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 653 men aged 50 and over in Jeong-Eup area, Korea was randomly selected for determination of the prevalence of BPH. The definition of BPH in this study was combination of moderate(8-19) to severe(>19) I-PSS, enlargement of the prostate over 30gms on digital rectal examination by one board certified urologist, and decreased peak flow rate below 15ml/sec. Men with abnormal digital rectal examination(DRE) and elevated serum prostate specific antigen(PSA) above 3.5ng/ml were undergone sextant prostate biopsy to exclude the prostate cancer. RESULTS: I-PSS questionnaires were completed in 431 men and the response rate was 66.1%. Based on I-PSS, 162 men(37.6%) had moderate symptoms and 51 men(11.9%) severe symptoms. Of 213 men with moderate to severe symptoms, 35.7% had enlarged prostate by DRE, and 63.1% decreased flow rate. The prevalence of BPH by the definition in this study was 4.3% in their fifties, 13.2% in sixties and 16.3% in seventies and over eighty(overall, 11.1%). The population-adjusted prevalence of BPH in Korean men aged 50 and over was 8.7%. A good correlation was found between the total symptom score and the quality of life score that is included in the I-PSS. CONCLUSIONS: Men with moderate to severe I-PSS was 49.5%, which was similar to the results from other studies in Caucasian and Japanese. The prevalence of BPH in Korea by aforementioned definition was 8.7%, which seems to be lower than Caucasian. This results suggest that approximately 1,600,000 Korean men had moderate to severe urinary symptoms and 300,000 clinical BPH by the definition in this study.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Consensus ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prevalence* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatism ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

PURPOSE: . The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of various 3D printers and a milling machine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: . The die model was designed using CAD (Autodesk Inventor 2018 sp3). The 30 µm cement space was given to the die and the ideal crown of the mandibular left first molar was designed using CAD (ExoCAD). The crowns were produced using the milling machine (Imes-icore 250i) and the 3D printers (Zenith U, Zenith D, W11) and they were divided into four groups. In all groups, the interior of each crown was scanned (Identica blue) and superimposed (Geomagic Control X) with the previously designed die. The difference between the die and the actual crown was measured at specific points. The Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Bonferroni’s method were performed with a statistical analysis software (P < .008 in inter-group comparison P < .001 in intra-group comparison). RESULTS: . In all groups, the center of the occlusal area and the anti-rotational dimple area showed significantly greater difference and the marginal area showed the smallest difference comparatively. The mean value of the difference in each area and the sum of the differences were higher in order of W11, Imes-icore 250i, Zenith D, and Zenith U. CONCLUSION . The digital light processing (DLP) method shows higher accuracy compared to the sereolithography (SLA) method using the same resin material. [J Adv Prosthodont 2023;15:72-9]

PURPOSE: The Gleason score of needle biopsies of the prostate and preoperative serum level of prostate-specific antigen(PSA) are two useful factors in predicting the final pathological staging of patients with prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Unfortunately, the Gleason score of the biopsy cores often differs from the Gleason score of radical prostatectomy specimen. We evaluated the role of Gleason scores of biopsy cores and the influence of PSA in predicting the Gleason scores of prostatectomy specimens and final pathological staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 52 patients with prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy from June 1990 to June 1997 were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the sum of the Gleason scores, i.e. well differentiated(Gleason score 2-4), intermediate(5-7) and poorly differentiated tumors(8-10). The concordance between Gleason score of biopsy and prostatectomy specimen was analysed according to the Gleason score of tumor in biopsy specimen. Furthermore, we evaluated the different level of PSA could affect the concordance rate between Gleason scoreofbiopsyandprostatectomyspecimen. RESULTS: In well-differentiated tumors(Gleason score 2-4) in biopsy specimen, the concordance rate was 55.6%, In intermediate(5-7) differentiated cancers the Gleason score remained the same in 68%. In poorly differentiated tumors, the concordance rate was 72.2%. When PSA was less than 10ng/m1, concordance rate of well differentiated tumors and poorly differentiated tumors was 75%, 40%, respectively. Whereas the concordance rate of well differentiated tumors was 50% and that of poorly differentiated tumors was 90% when the PSA was higher than 20ng/m1. Using linear regression analysis, the preoperative PSA highly correlated with radical prostatectomy Gleason score(correlation coefficient(r)=0.38, p =0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The Gleason score of prostatectomy specimen was upgraded in 44.4% when the biopsy Gleason score was well differentiated, especially when preoperative PSA was higher than 20ng/m1. Therefore, the significance of biopsy Gleason score in the clinical application must be used cautiously when it is used to predict the pathological stage or biological potential of the cancer especially when it is low Gleason score with high PSA( > 20ng/m1). In the meantime, the level of PSA plays an significant role in determining organ confined disease, while high Gleason scone reflect the Iymph node positive disease.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Neoplasm Grading* ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused disruptions to healthcare systems, consequently endangering tuberculosis (TB) control. We investigated delays in TB treatment among notified patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Methods: We systemically collected and analyzed data from the Korea TB cohort database from January to May 2020. Groups were categorized as ‘before-pandemic’ and ‘during-pandemic’ based on TB notification period. Presentation delay was defined as the period between initial onset of symptoms and the first hospital visit, and healthcare delay as the period between the first hospital visit and anti-TB treatment initiation. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with delays in TB treatment. Results: Proportion of presentation delay > 14 days was not significantly different between two groups (48.3% vs. 43.7%, P = 0.067); however, proportion of healthcare delay > 5 days was significantly higher in the during-pandemic group (48.6% vs. 42.3%, P = 0.012). In multivariate analysis, the during-pandemic group was significantly associated with healthcare delay > 5 days (adjusted odds ratio = 0.884, 95% confidence interval = 0.715–1.094). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with healthcare delay of > 5 days in Korea. Public health interventions are necessary to minimize the pandemic’s impact on the national TB control project.