Objective To summary the results of fixation and fusion with lateral mass screw of atlas and vertebra dentata pedicle screw for the treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Methods From February 2002 to March 2004, 15 cases suffered with atlantoaxial instability were included in this study. There were 9 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 39.5 years old(ranged 15 to 57 years old). There were 5 cases for old odontoid fracture, 4 cases for congenital loose odontoid process, 6 cases for fresh odontoid fracture(Aderson ⅡC). 7 cases were fixed with Vertex, 3 Axis and 5 Cervifix instruments. JOA scores in preoperation were from 5.1 to 10.9, with an average of 7.6. Skull traction was performed in each patient preoperatively. The screws were placed in lateral mass of atlas beside the posterior arch of atlas about 18-20 mm and the point of intersection above 2 mm inferior boarder of posterior arch. Vertical with coronal plane, the tip of the screw made 5? to side of head in sagittal plane. The site of the screws were placed in vertebra dentate was divide equally the inferior articular process of axis, made 15? with sagittal plane and 30? with cross section. The diameter of the screw was 3.5 mm, the length of in lateral mass of atlas was from 28 to 32 mm, and from 22 to 26 mm in vertebra dentate pedicle screw. Results There were no spinal cord and vertebral artery injury after surgery. Follow-up duration was from 10 to 25 months, with average 14 months. The postoperative JOA scores were from 13.2 to 16.8, with average 14.8. The improve rate was 87.5 percent. The plant bones all fused and there were no internal fixation rupture and mobiled. Conclusion Lateral mass screw of atlas and vertebra dentata pedicle screw with three-dimension fixed virtues could be used to treat atlantoaxial instability.

Objective To explore the relationship between the Yangtze River floodplain ecological environment(vegetation, soil,water and light intensity)and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails,so as to provide the evidence for ecological snail control. Methods Three regions(the Lu-Gang Bridge,Dragon Nest Lake in the bund,and Dragon Nest lake beach)were selected to investigate the plant characteristics(species,height,coverage,frequency and strain of clusters),soil characteristics (temperature,humidity,light intensity)and pH value. All the results were analyzed statistically with SPSS 18 software. Results A total of 920 boxes were investigated. The vegetation coverage was 3.7%-63.5%,and the dominant population was Cyperusrotun-dus L. cluster on the marshland. The soil temperature was 19.0℃-24.0℃,pH 5.0-5.7,and humidity 53%-75%. There were statis-tical significants in average number of living snails and dead snails among 3 groups( P<0.05). As the light intensity was strong in summer and weak in winter,the snails were in the back surface in summer and front surface in winter respectively. The average number of living snails was the most near the water. The difference was statistical significant(P<0.01)among three ranges(0-1 m,1-3 m and 3-5 m). Conclusion The snail survival and distribution have close relations with micro ecological environment factors,such as vegetation,soil,water and light intensity.

Objective To investigate the value of detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) YMDD variants by matrix-assisted laser de-sorption time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Methods The assay is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifica-tion and mass measurement of oligonucleotides containing sites of mutation of the YMDD motif. Result The MALDI-TOF MS-based genoty-ping assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect as few as 100 copies of HBV genome per milliliter of serum, and this method had superior spe-cificity for determining mixtures of wild-type and variant viruses. When sera of 40 patients were analyzed, the MALDI-TOF MS-based assay correctly identified known viral variants and additional viral quasi-species not detected by previous methods, as well as their'relative abun-dance. Conclusion The sensitivity, specificity and amenability to high-throughput analysis make MALDI-TOF MS-based assay suitable for mass screening of HBV infected patients who are receiving lamivudine.

Microbial nitrilases have attracted increasing attention in nitrile hydrolysis for carboxylic acid production in recent years. A bacterium with nitrilase activity was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas putida CGMCC3830 based on its morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence. The nitrilase production was optimized by varying culture conditions using the one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology. Glycerol 13.54 g/L, tryptone 11.59 g/L, yeast extract 5.21 g/L, KH2PO4 1 g/L, NaCl 1 g/L, urea 1 g/L, initial pH 6.0 and culture temperature 30 degrees C were proved to be the optimal culture conditions. It resulted in the maximal nitrilase production of 36.12 U/mL from 2.02 U/mL. Investigations on substrate specificity demonstrate P. putida nitrilase preferentially hydrolyze aromatic nitriles. When applied in nicotinic acid synthesis, 2 mg/mL P. putida cells completely hydrolyzed 20.8 g/L 3-cyanopyridine into nicotinic acid in 90 min. The results indicated P. putida CGMCC3830 displayed potential for industrial production of nicotinic acid.
Aminohydrolases ; biosynthesis ; Culture Media ; Hydrolysis ; Niacin ; biosynthesis ; Nitriles ; metabolism ; Pseudomonas putida ; enzymology ; Pyridines ; metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; genetics ; Substrate Specificity ; Temperature

@@

Objective To compare the influence for intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam during combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA) on sedation,respiratory and circulatory.Methods Ninety patients with lower extremity fractures and internal fixation,were divided into dexmedetomidine group,midazolam group and control group by random digits table with 30 cases each.CSEA was performed at L3-4 interspace.After block reached T8 level,dexmedetomidine,midazolam and 0.9％ sodium chloride were given to the three groups.Ramsay score,mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end expiratory gas (PErCO2),respiratory rate (RR) were recorded before anesthesia(T0),after CSEA (T1),and 10,15,30,45,60 min after giving drug (T2-T6),and intraoperative awareness was recorded.Results Ramsay score in dexmedetomidine group and midazolam group at T2-T6 were higher than those in the group T0,T1 and concurrent control group (P ＜ 0.05),MAP were lower than those in the group T0,T1 and concurrent control group (P ＜ 0.05).HR in dexmedetomidine group at T2-T6 were lower than those in concurrent midazolam group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).PETCO2 in midazolam group at T2-T6 were higher than those in concurrent dexmedetomidine group and control group (P ＜ 0.05),RR were lower than those in concurrent dexmedetomidine group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of intraoperative awareness in dexmedetomidine group and midazolam group was lower than that in control group [16.7％(5/30) and 13.3％(4/30) vs.93.3％(28/30),P＜0.05].Conclusions Dexmedetomidine and midazolam provide good sedation to reduce intraoperative awareness,slight inhibition of blood pressure.Dexmedetomidine can decrease HR,but it does not influence respiratory function.Midazolam restrains respiratory function.

Objective To observe effects of different concentrations of sevoflurane combined with propofol on recovery quality in patients undergoing partial hepatic resection.Methods Seventy-eight patients,aged 20-70 years old,selected for partial hepatic resection were randomly divided into three groups,26 patients in each group:total intravenous propofol anesthesia group (group T), propofol combined with 0.5 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia group (group S1),propofol combined with 1.0 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia group (group S2).Spontaneous respiration recovery time,recovery time,extubation time and modified Aldrete score of 9 time were recorded after operation.Modified OAA/S scores as well as modified Aldrete score at extubation immediate time (T1 )and 5 min (T2 ), 1 5 min(T3 ),30 min(T4 )after extubation were also recorded.Results Total amount of propofol in groups S1,S2 significantly less than group T and total amount of propofol in group S2 significantly less than group S1(P <0.05).The recovery time,extubation time,modified Aldrete score of 9 time in groups S1 and S2 were significantly shorter than group T (P <0.05).Modified OAA/S scores at T1 ,T2 and the modified Aldrete scores at T1 in both groups S1 and S2 were significantly higher than group T,while group S2 was significantly higher than group S1 (P <0.05).Conclusion Compared with total intravenous propofol anesthesia,both propofol combined with 0.5 MAC sevoflurane and propofol combined with 1.0 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia improves the recovery quality in patients un-dergoing partial hepatic resection,and the recovery time was decreased in propofol combined with 1.0 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To study the optimum extraction conditions of alkaloid of Rhizoma pinelliae processecd with ginger.Methods:The alkaloid content was used as a marker.The percolation process of Rhizoma Pinellia(processed with ginger) was studied by orthogonal design with 3 factors and 3 levels(L 9(3 4)) .Results:The alcohol concentration was remarkable factor in the test.Conclusion:Considering the demand of manufacture,the best extraction condition is A 3B 1C 1。

Objective To study on glycogen assay,polymerae chain reaction,and cell culture for diagnostic value of chlamydia infection of vervical smeat.Methods 106 specimens were examined by using glycogen assay,PCR and cell culture.Results Compared with cell culture,the sensitivity and specifity of glycogen assay are 80.0％ and 95.8％ ,and the sensitivity and specifity of PCR are 90.0％ and 97.9％ ,respectively.Conclusion The glycogen assay possesses diagnostic value for chlamydia trachomatis infection of vervical smear.

Objective To detect whether and where brain functional connectivity exists in the resting state of patients with early-onset schizophrenia by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Nineteen early-onset schizophrenic patients were diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of American Psychiatric Association. The 19 early-onset schizophrenic patients and another 19 healthy volunteers underwent fMRI in resting state. Cingulate gyrus was selected as region of interest and the difference was analyzed in the cingulate gyrus functional connectivity pattern between the 19 patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 19 matched controls using resting-state fMRI. A two-sample t test was performed on the individual in a voxel by voxel manner. Results Statistical map was set a combined threshold of P＜0.005 and the number of voxel>20. Functional connectivity in the resting state was abnormal in the patients,including decreased functional connectivity and increased functional connectivity. The abnormal area was distributed all over the brain. The brain area with decreased functional connectivity included bilateral posterior cerebellar lobes, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus,hippocampus, cuneus gyrus,fusiform gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus,right middle temporal gyrus, and right angular gyrus. The brain area with increased functional connectivity included left middle temporal and left inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusion Abnormal cingulate gyrus functional connectivity of schizophrenia might exist in the resting state. Resting state fMRI is important for the research of schizophrenia.