Objective To compare the costs of laparoscopy and laparotomy in the operative treatment of ovarian cysts. Methods Patients with ovarian cysts who were operated on by laparoscopy (83) or by laparotomy (65) in the Peking University Third Hospital from June 2000 to August 2001 were retrospectively analyed.Patients' hospital stay,time taken for the patients to return to work,hospital charges,costs because of inability to work and total costs (including the direct medical costs,direct non-medical costs and indirect costs) were compared between the two groups. Results The mean hospital stay and the mean time taken for the patients to return to work were statistically shorter in the laparoscopy group than those in the laparotomy group.The mean hospital charges were significantly higher and the mean costs of without work were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group.The total costs in the two groups were similar (no significant difference). Conclusions According to the mean income of the people in Beijing,the costs of laparoscopy in the operative of the ovarian cysts are not higher than that of lapatomy.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of recurrent endometrial carcinoma.Methods A total of 22 cases of recurrent endometrial carcinoma from January 2006 to December 2015 were enrolled.Primary diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma were made in our hospital,with complete clinical data and standard NCCN staging operation.The recurrence of endometrial cancer was confirmed by pathological diagnosis after second surgery or biopsy.Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median age of primary diagnosis was 52 years old (rang,44-63 years old).And the most common clinical symptom was postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (54.5％,12/22).There were 18 cases (81.8％) of endometrial adenocarcinoma,3 cases (13.6％) of serous adenocarcinoma,and 1 case (4.5％) of clear cell carcinoma.As to the muscular layer infiltration,there were 14 cases (63.6％) ＜ 1/2,7 cases (31.8％) ＞ 1/2 and 1 case (4.5％) involving the whole layer.There were 4 cases (18.2％) of positive pelvic lymph node and no para-aortic lymph nodes metastasis.As to the postoperative clinical pathologic stage,there were 12 cases (54.5％) of FIGO Ⅰ A,5 cases (22.7％) of FIGO Ⅰ B,1 case (4.5％) of FIGO Ⅱ,and4 cases (18.2％) of FIGO ⅢC1.The median recurrent time was 4 years (rang,1.5-7 years),without obvious self-conscious symptoms,including serum CA125 elevated in 12 cases (54.5％) and positive ultrasound,CT or X-ray examination findings in 10 cases (45.5％).As to the recurrence location,14 cases (63.6％) were in the pelvic cavity,6 cases (27.3％) of retroperitoneal lymph nodes,1 case (4.5％) of anterior abdominal wall accompaning lung metastasis,and 1 case (4.5％) of lung metastasis.Three patients accept Lynch syndrome screening,of which 2 cases were positive.Conclusions Muscular layer infiltration is common in recurrence of endometrial cancer,with no obvious clinical symptoms.Pelvic cavity is the most common location of recurrence.

Through approaching the mixed ability training of clinical post-graduates, the following conclusions were drawn: necessity to take turns in the clinical specialties, establishment of its program, the details and contents were pointed out, meanwhile, it is necessary to guarantee progression of the plan and its training effects, and to improve the cultivation quality.

Objective To detect the microvessel density(MVD) marked by MIF protein in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and to see if a relationship exists between microvessel density(MVD) and clinicopathologic features. Methods The expression of MIF in vascular endothelial cell in forty ESCC specimens was examined by immunohistocbemistry staining, calculated the mean of MVD and analysed the relationship with clinicopathologic features. Results The positive rate of MIF protein was 95.00 %(38/40) in ESCC vascular endothelial cell. Compared with the normal esophageal squamous tissue[32.50 %(13/40)], there was significant difference in statistics, the mean of MVD was 26.5±8.5. MVD was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node motastasis. Conclusion MIF can be used in tagging vascular endothelial cell, MVD of ESCC was positively correlated with the tumor TNM stages and lymph node metastasis. It might be an major prognostic factor in ESCC.

From the perspective of portable monitoring devices,we use an analog front-end AFE4490 design a module of Non-invasive blood oxygen measurement, used to collect human pulse wave signal and peak (valley) value detection and then use the principles of non-invasive oximetry calculated oxygen saturation (SPO2). This design of noninvasive oximetry module has the characteristics of small size, low power consumption, and the results of test show that the measurement of oxygen saturation are correct.
Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oximetry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood

Objective To study the curative effect of breast-conserving therapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods 100 cases with breast cancer were divided into breast-conserving therapy 50 cases and radical therapy 50 Cases.The primary manner was wide excision of tumor and dissection of axillary lymph node.Adjuvant radiotherapy,chemotherapy and incretion treatment were given postoperatively.Results In 100 cases of breast cancer,the surviral of 83 cases(83.0%),17 patients(17.0%)died,30 cases(30.0%)of metastasis,local recurrence in 13 cases (13.0%);ER,PR-positive are 62 cases(62.0%),both wholly negative in 18 cases(18.0%),ER-positive only 12cases(12.0%),only 8 cases(8.0%)of PR positive;comparing two groups,survival and recurrent rate had no significant difference(X2=3.503,X2=4.284,P＞0.05),metastasis rate was significant different(X2=6.789,P＜0.05);satisfaction degree was 99.0% more than 12 months,and got ideal appearance was over 90%.Conclusion Breastconserving therapy can get long-term effect like Auchineol's.Breast-conserving therapy can gain good cosmetic resuits.

Aim To study the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on the expression of caspase-3 and apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells was treated with MG132 (2,5 ?mol?L~(-1)) for 24 h. The apoptotic cells were determined by DNA fragment analysis and flow cytometric analysis. The level of caspase-3 mRNA was quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein contents of caspase-3 were analyzed by immunocytochemistry.Results The results showed that the increase of the degree of human umbilical vein endothelial cells apoptosis was concentration dependent. MG132 could up-regulate the gene/protein expression of caspase-3.Conclusions The results implicated that proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells apoptosis by accumulation of caspase-3.

A novel blood pressure measurement system was designed which based on auscultatory method. And the electret sensor that embedded into the internal instrument can detect the Korotkoff-sound signal directly which is coupled by the cuff and transmitted in the cross connection. The BP values identification algorithm is based on combined detection of Korotkoff-sound and pulse signal, and the products of amplitudes and energies are calculated as the characteristic values of Korotkoff-sound, and the Korotkoff-sound phases are classified and detected by means of clustering of characteristic values, and then BP parameters are determined. The contrast test and statistical analysis showed good consistency and accuracy between the new BP detection method and conventional mercury sphygmomanometer.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design

Job-transfer training for general practitioner is the important channel of primary medical talents team construction.This article elaborated on existing problems in the general practitioner job-transfer training in our country from several aspects,such as training base,teachers,teaching materials,actual work need and discipline construction,etc.Based on the existing problems and combined with practical work requirements of general practitioner job-transfer training in our country,the article put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures including strengthening teachers' construction,textbook construction and speeding up general medical discipline construction,etc.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the composition characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke of yin or yang syndrome by investigating the characteristics of TCM syndromes at different periods after onset. METHODS: One thousand two hundred and forty-six patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted in twenty hospitals. According to the "diagnostic criteria of syndrome differentiation of stroke", the characteristics of syndromes in the patients were investigated at the periods of 1-3 days, 4-10 days and 11-30 days after they had ischemic stroke. General distribution of six basic syndromes was compared between the patients with yin syndrome and the patients with yang syndrome at the three periods. The six basic syndromes were wind syndrome, pathogenic fire syndrome, phlegm syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, qi deficiency syndrome, and syndrome of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity. RESULTS: The percentages of wind, pathogenic fire, and phlegm syndromes in the patients were decreased at the period of 11-30 days as compared with the period of 1-3 days (87.1% vs 79.3%, 52.1% vs 38.7% and 67.1% vs 57.4% respectively, P<0.01). However, the percentages of the syndromes of blood stasis, qi deficiency, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity were similar at the three periods (P>0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of yin and yang syndromes among the three periods (P>0.05). The percentages of syndromes of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity were higher (P<0.01), and the percentages of syndromes of blood stasis and qi deficiency were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in patients with yang syndrome than in patients with yin syndrome. The complex of three syndromes was the most frequent composition pattern in the patients at the three periods. The percentages of complex syndromes of four or five syndromes were higher, and the percentages of single-syndromes and complex syndromes of two syndromes were lower in patients with yang syndrome than in patients with yin syndrome (P<0.05, P<0.01). The most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yin syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, phlegm, blood stasis and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, phlegm and qi deficiency; while the most frequent complex syndromes in patients with yang syndrome were complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire, phlegm and qi deficiency, and complex syndrome of wind, pathogenic fire and phlegm. CONCLUSION: The main discrimination between the yin and yang syndromes is that the yang syndrome is characterized by pathogenic fire. The syndromes of phlegm, qi deficiency, and blood stasis are not associated with the diagnosis of yin or yang syndrome.