Objective To investigate mutation patterns in core promoter(CP)region of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods HBV DNA was extracted from sera of patients with chronic HBV infection.The CP sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into pMD19 T vector.The positive clones were then sequenced.The sequences were compared with known HBV genome in GenBank to identify the mutation sites and patterns of patients with chronic HBV infection.Results There were 74 clones from 21 patients with chronic HBV infection which were sequenced.The sequence comparisons showed that there was a 234-nucleotide deletion in CP region of HBV genome in 54 clones and a 245-nucleotide deletion in one clone.These deletion regions included CP,HBeAg initiation codon and direct repeat sequence(DR)Ⅰ regions,which named CP deletion(CPD).A1585T replacement mutation was also found in HBV strain with CPD,which indicated that there was linkage between these two mutations.Conclusions A novel mechanism of HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B is observed,which includes deletions of CP and HBeAg initiation codon.Meanwhile,a simple and useful PCR method is developed to detect CPD.

Objective To compare the life quality and recurrence in patients with concealed penis after degloving and root fixation surgery with three different suture material.Methods From March 2011 to April 2015,64 cases with concealed penis were treated by degloving and root fixation with three different suture material,including PDS in 21 cases,Prolene in 23 cases,common absorbable suture in 20 cases.The operative time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative life quality,recurrence and complication were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 14 cases(6 months later) and 7 cases(1 year later) in Prolene group who complained negative effect on their life quality,while none in PDS and common suture groups (both P ＜ 0.05).6 months after operation,recurrence happened in one case in Prolene group,8 cases in common group and none in PDS group (both P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in operative time,bleeding,as well as life quality,recurrence and complication within 3 months between these three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions PDS is suitable for root fixation in patients with concealed penis.Satisfactory result can be achieved without interfere of life quality.

Objective To compare the life quality and recurrence in patients with concealed penis after degloving and root fixation surgery with three different suture material.Methods From March 2011 to April 2015,64 cases with concealed penis were treated by degloving and root fixation with three different suture material,including PDS in 21 cases,Prolene in 23 cases,common absorbable suture in 20 cases.The operative time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative life quality,recurrence and complication were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 14 cases(6 months later) and 7 cases(1 year later) in Prolene group who complained negative effect on their life quality,while none in PDS and common suture groups (both P ＜ 0.05).6 months after operation,recurrence happened in one case in Prolene group,8 cases in common group and none in PDS group (both P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in operative time,bleeding,as well as life quality,recurrence and complication within 3 months between these three groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions PDS is suitable for root fixation in patients with concealed penis.Satisfactory result can be achieved without interfere of life quality.