Objective:To investigate the correlation between ankle-brachial index(ABI)and intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke.MetlaTds:qhe ABI of 73 patients with ischemic stroke were detected using vascular Doppler ultrasound;head magnetic resonance angiography(MkA)was performed using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imahing system,and the extent of intracranial artery stenosis was graded.The correlation between ABI and the grade of intracranial artery stenosis in patieras with ischemic stroke was analyzed.Results:The ABI in patients without intracranial artery stenosis(n=38)was significantly higher than those with intracranial artery stenosis(n=35)(0.975±0.114 vs 0.837±0.096,P<0.001).The ABI was significantly negatively correlated with the extent of intracranial artery stenosis(r=-0.736,P=0.001).Conclusions:The ABI was negatively correlated with the extent of intracranial artery stcnosis.It can he used as a preliminary screening means of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the relationship between heart rate and failure of biological valve,and whether reduce the heart rate could delay the failure of biological valve.Methods Retrospective analysis of 92 bioprosthetic valve replacement cases in our institution from April 1996 to March 2001.The follow-up was carried out through the outpatient service,telephone and letter.The patients were divided into two groups based on the heart rate:Group A:basic heart rate no more than 75 beats per minute;Group B:basic heart rate greater than 75 beats per minute.Blood pressure,heart function,echocardiogram and reoperation rate was collected.Results In group A,the average follow-up time and the longest follow-up time was better than the patients in group B but has no significant difference.Echocardiographic data showed that the proportion of valve leaflets stiffness and calcification in group A was significantly lower than group B(7.7％ vs.17.9％,P ＜0.05).Redo operation rate in group A was lower than those in group B (7.7％ vs.22.6％,P ＜ 0.05).There were only 1 case(1.5 ％) suffering from the tearing in all three valve leaflets in group A while it was 8 cases(8.7％) in group B (2.6％ vs.15.1％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Basic heart rate has a significant effect on the failure of the mitral bioprosthesis.To decrease the basic heart rate can delay the failure of the mitral bioprosthesis and improve the durability.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment for the intracardiac leiomyomatosis (ICL).Methods Retrospectively reviews the data of 18 cases of ICL from February 1995 to June 2011 in Anzhen Hospital.Preoperative diagnosis of right atrial myxoma in 2 cases,right atrium/ventricular thrombus in 2 cases,pulmonary embolism in 2 cases,the inferior vena cava and right atrial tumor in 3 cases,the inferior vena cava lesions in 9 cases.18 cases of ICL were diagnosed by echocardiography,magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ),computer tomography (CT) and angiography.ICL were recected under anesthesia,cardiopulmonaray bypass surgery,he incisions were respectively through the chest,thoraco-abdominal or abdominal incision,cardiopulmonary bypass method were respectively at room temperature,mid-low temperature with cardiac arrest,lowflow,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.Results There was no operative death.Right atrium,inferior vena cava,bilateral renal vein,bilater alIliac vein vascular were not found leiomyoma by vascular ultrasound.Follow-up time was 5 ～ 106 (49 ± 42 )months,1 patient died of the leiomyoma recurrence after 5 months after the primary operation,the remaining 17 patients were followed up asymptomatically.10 were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ,and 7 in class Ⅱ.The 5yrs survival rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was (93 ±5 )％.Conclusion The ICL preoperative diagnosis is difficult,surgical treatment of ICL can get a good mid-long term survival rate and living quality.

BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, delayed brain injury after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs in 3% to 30% of the persons who suffered carbon monoxide poisoning and is in the main presence of dementia, psychiatric symptom and extrapyramidal symptoms. At present, its pathogenesis is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological damage mechanism of delayed brain injury after CO poisoning and the protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen on delayed brain injury.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Staff Room of Aviation Health, Department of Aerospace Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Aviation Pathology and Molecular Biology, Department of Aerospace Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA in March 2004. Totally 80 healthy male Sprague-Dawley, of clean grade, were used in this experiment. The animals were randomized into 3 groups: normal control group (n=10), model group (n=35) and hyperbaric oxygen group (n=35).The latter two groups were separately divided into 7 time points: poisoning 6 hours, 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 days, 5 rats at each time point.METHODS: In the model group, acute CO poisoning rat models were developed by placing the rats in the poisoning jar which contained the mixture of CO and air for 60 minutes. The volume faction of CO was kept at 2 500×10-6. In the hyperbaric oxygen group, modeling was the same as that in the model group. Three hours after poisoning, the rats were given 115-minute hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Pressure was 0.2 Mpa and the volume fraction of oxygen was over 0.90. The first three days after poisoning, hyperbaric oxygen treatment was conducted twice per day, then once per day, with one day of non-administration in a week. There was no intervention in the normal control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The characters of pathological changes in brain tissue of rats at each time point after poisoning were detected with histopathological and immunohistochemical methods; ② Neuronal apoptosis was detected with electron microscopy and in situ TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).RESULTS: After rats were modeled, the rate of death was about 10%. ① In the model group, general pathological injury occurred in the brains of rats. Denatured necrosis appeared in the neurons of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum, cerebellum and other regions. Injuries in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and other regions were severe. Results of haematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining and electron microscope observation demonstrated that apoptosis occurred in hippocampal neurons. The apop totic neurons increased on the 3rd day after poisoning, reached the peak on the 7th day (P ＜ 0.01), then gradually decreased. In the hyperbaric oxygen group, the denatured necrosis of neurons in the brains was significantly lightened, and the injuries of hippocampal region of rats at each time point were significantly attenuated in comparison with model group; The number of necrotic neurons was decreased, especially on the 5th and 7th days after poisoning (P ＜ 0.01). Hyperbaric oxygen promoted the expression of Bcl-2 in hippocampus of modeled rats, especially on the 3rd and 5th days after Coexposure (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: General delayed neuronal injury is found in the acute CO poisoning rat, with the presence of delayed neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment can effectively reduce denatured and necrotic neurons and promote the expression of apoptosis-inhibiting gene bcl-2, then inhibit neuronal necrosis and apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: There are no effective methods to cure Alzheimer disease (AD). Now, researches have shown that panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) play an important role in improving AD, but its mechanism is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of PNS characterized by removing blood stasis to stop bleeding and promoting blood circulation to relieve pain on pathological lesion of cholinergic neuron in rat with AD.DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design and controlled study.SETTING: Neuroscience Institute of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University.MATERIALS: This experiment was completed in the Chinese Herb Pharmacodynamic Laboratory of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University between June 2003 and April 2005. A total of 90 health Wistar rats of clean grade and half gender were selected in this study. Among them, there were 75 old rats with 15 months old and 15 young rats with 3 months old. METHODS: This experiment was completed in the Chinese herb Pharmacodynamic Laboratory (Key Laboratory) of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University between June 2003 and April 2005. ① A total of 90 healthy Wistar rats of clean grade and half gender were selected in this study. Among them, there were 75 old rats with 15 months old and 15 young rats with 3 months old. Fifteen young rats with 3 months old were regarded as young control group, and other 15 selected from 75 rats with 15 months old were regarded as old control group. The rest 60 rats were modeled on the basis of subacute injury induced by intravenous injection of D-galactose and bilateral cerebral Meynert basal nuclei injured by ibotenic acid. Parallel control was performed with saline on rats in young control group and old control group under the same condition. ② Two weeks later,survival modeling rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: model group,high-dosage PNS group, low-dosage PNS group and huperzine A group with 12 in each group. Rats in high-and low-dosage PNS groups were perfused with 200 and 100 mg/kg PNS (provided by Yunnan Yuxi Weihe Pharmaceutical Factory), respectively, once a day; rats in huperzine A group were perfused with 0.3 mg/kg huperzine A once a day for 4 weeks; rats in model group, young control group and old control group were perfused with the same volume of saline for 4 weeks. ③ After administration, pathological sections of brain tissue were cut, and immunologic-reaction activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), morphological changes and numbers of positive neuron in cerebral sections were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. ChAT immuno-positive neurons were analyzed with IBAS imaging analysis system to assay average area of section and average absorbance (A), and amount of ChAT immuno-positive neurons was calculated with microscope micrometer. ④ Measurement data were compared with single-factor analysis of variance.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of PNS on distribution of cholinergic neuron and ChAT content in cerebral tissue of AD rat models.RESULTS: A total of 75 old rats and 15 young rats entered the final analysis. ① Amount of ChAT immuno-positive neurons was the most, and the color was the deepest in young control group; amount of ChAT immuno-positive neurons was higher in high-dosage PNS group than that in huperzine A group and model group; ChAT immuno-positive neurons were smaller in model group than those in other goups, and the amount was decreased obviously. Axis-cylinder and dendrite of soma were shortened remarkably. ② Amounts of ChAT immuno-positive neurons in basal forebrain were less in model group than those in other groups (P ＜ 0.05), less in lowdosage PNS group, huperzine A group and model group than those in old control group (P ＜ 0.05), less in huperzine A group and model group than those in high- and low-dosage PNS group (P ＜ 0.05), and less in young control group than those in other groups (P ＜ 0.05). The mean A value of ChAT immuno-positive neurons in basal forebrain was similar to amounts in each group. Average area of section of ChAT immuno-positive neurons in basal forebrain was smaller in low-dosage PNS group and model group than that in young control group (P ＜ 0.05), and differences in other groups were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: PNS plays a protective role in pathological lesion of cholinergic neuron in AD rat models. PNS can also increase survival amount and quality of cell and increase content and activity of ChAT so as to protect and improve central cholinergic system, and inhibit aging and dementia through improving and repairing injured cholinergic neurons.

Objective To observe the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). Methods The mice were randomly divided into seven groups:blank group, model group, 5 mg/kg GSPE group, 15 mg/kg GSPE group, 45 mg/kg GSPE group, 135 mg/kg GSPE group and 405 mg/kg GSPE group. The mice in blank group were dealt with saline solution by intraperitoneal injection, the others were dealt with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for seven weeks to make oxidative damage model. Meanwhile, the mice were given corresponding dose of the drug. Subsequently the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were measured to observe the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship of GSPE. Results The 45, 135, 405 mg/kg GSPE group reduced the MDA level, and the 15, 45, 135, 405 mg/kg GSPE group increased the SOD activity. Conclusion GSPE has significant antioxidant activity on mice dealt with D-galactose above the dose of 15 mg/kg, suggesting that the clinical use of GSPE should guarantee a certain dose to play a good antioxidant effect.

Objective To evaluate the clinic effect of leaflet enlargement with autologous pericardium in repairing mitral valve disease and to describe the technique and discuss its indications. Methods Between July 2004 and June 2008, 45 pa-tients with isolated mitral valve disease, included stenosis in 10 and regurgitation in 35. The causes were congenital heart dis-ease in 8, rheumatic in 21, degenerative in 7 and endecarditis in 9. The procedures were: posterior leaflet enlargement with autologuus pericardium in 14, anterior leaflet enlargement in 8, both anterior and posterior leaflet enlargement in 23. In addi-tion, eye to eye technique was in 12, artificial chordal in 12, chordal transfer in 6, papillary muscle vepesitioning in 4. Mitral anuuloplasty was performed in all cases. Before and after surgery, cardiac function parameters were compared. Results No operative deaths occurred. One case wastransfered to mitral valve replacement due to regurgation, lntraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no mitral regurgitation in 38 and small regurgitation in 6 cases. The mean mitral valve effective orifice area(MVEOA) was (2.8±0.6) cm~2, with a mean gradient pressure of (6.21±1.34) mm Hg after operation. The mean followed up was ( 18.0±2.1 ) months. Echocardiography study showed that no mitral regurgitation in 35 cases, slight regurgi-tation in 9, mean mitral effective orifice area was (2.5±0. 8 ) cm~2, mean gradient pressure of (7.21±0. 45 ) mm Hg, no one need reoperation. Postoperative cardiac functions were significantly improved: the average left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was (48±7) mm [ preoperative (56±6) nun, P <0.05], ejection fraction (EF) was 0.51～0.24( preoperative 0.45± 0.23, P < 0.05 ), the average left atrium diameter ( LA ) was ( 50±11 ) mm [ preoperative ( 62±23 ) mm, P <0. 05 ]. The function of mitral valves was well performed. Conclusion Leaflet enlargement with autologous pericardium com-bined with mitral annuloplasty was effective in repairing of diseased mitral valve. The advantages of the procedure including simplicity, good compatibility, avoiding foreign body and no need for anticoagulation.

Objective To study the general pharmacological effects of Aloe's whole-leaf freeze-dried powder (AWFD), and observe its influence on cardiovascular system, nervous system and respiratory system of laboratory animals, so as to offer an experimental basis for clinical application. Methods Forty-eight mice were randomized into blank control group, high dosage group, medium dosage group and low dosage group of AWFD (12 mice for each group). AWFD high, medium and low dosage groups were treated by intragastric at the dose of 12.20, 3.90, 0.65 g/(kg?d), blank control group was treated by equal volume of sterilized distilled water. After three days, general behavior, spontaneous activity, coordinated movement, sleep situation induced by sodium pentobarbital in subthreshold dose and suprathreshold dose were observed. Twenty-four beagle were randomized into blank control group, high dosage group, medium dosage group and low dosage group of AWFD (6 beagles for each group). AWFD high, medium and low dosage groups were treated by duodenum at the dose of 6.10, 3.41, 0.71 g/(kg?d), blank control group was treated by equal volume of sterilized distilled water. The influence on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs were observed. Results Three dosages of AWFD had no obvious influence on spontaneous activity and coordinated movement in mice, and had no evidently influence on sleep number and duration, but the high dosage group of AWFD had influence on sleep latency (P<0.01). AWFD had no impact on blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, breathing flow and frequency in anesthetic dogs. Conclusion AWFD has no evident effects on cardiovascular system and respiratory system in laboratory animal, however, the impact on the central nervous system remains to be further verified.

To investigate the transgenic expressing efficacy of helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) in vitro, we constructed a HDAd encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), denominated as HDAd/EGFP, performed large scale preparation and purification, and then identified the purified HDAd/EGFP under fluorescent microscope and electron microscope. After the concentration of HDAd/EGFP was determined by spectrophotometer, the transgenic expression efficiency of HDAd/EGFP was compared with first generation adenoviral vector encoding EGFP (FGAd/EGFP) in vitro. Therefore, we infected A549 cells with 2000 virus particles (vp) per cell by HDAd/EGFP and FGAd/EGFP respectively and analyzed EGFP expressing level by flow cytometry. Consequently, the fluorescent expression rate and fluorescent intensity of EGFP were higher in early infected A549 cells by HDAd/EGFP than by FGAd/EGFP. HDAd, capable of expressing transgene instantly and efficiently in vitro, is a potential vaccine vector.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Helper Viruses ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Transgenes ; Viral Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) medicine is an applied interdiscipline concerning basic me-dicine,clinical medicine,physics and psychology.Indications of HBO treatment involve multiple systems of the body.Based on the practice of almost 30 years,we explore how to adopt heuristic and experiencing style to strengthen the combination of theory and clinical application fortifying practical operation in the teaching. Meanwhile,discussing obstacles in HBO treatment and learning frontiers and progress through literatures or animal experiments can cultivate students' solid theoretical foundation and basic analysis and operation skills,and improve their interest in clinical and scientific research work of hyperbaric oxygen.